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1.
氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱实验种群的亚致死效应   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
杨洪  王召  金道超 《昆虫学报》2012,55(10):1161-1167
为正确评估防治水稻鳞翅目害虫的新型杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺对非靶标害虫白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)的影响, 本文采取稻茎浸渍法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱的毒力, 利用生命表技术研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱的亚致死效应。结果表明: 氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为19.26 mg/L和19.69 mg/L。以氯虫苯甲酰胺LC10和LC25剂量分别处理白背飞虱3龄若虫后, F0和F1代雌虫产卵量及其寿命均降低, 尤其LC25处理与对照间存在显著差异(P<0.05), F0和F1代雌虫寿命分别缩短了1.80 d和2.62 d, F0和F1代雌虫产卵量分别减少了52.94粒和78.45粒。药剂处理对F1代各虫态发育历期也有一定影响。根据不同剂量处理后白背飞虱各发育阶段的存活率和成虫的繁殖力, 组建了生殖力生命表, 发现LC10和LC25剂量处理的种群内禀增长率rm分别降低了11.25%和34.41%, 净增殖率R0分别降低了36.56%和74.57%, 而世代平均历期T和种群加倍时间t均延长。结果说明, 氯虫苯甲酰胺LC10和LC25剂量可抑制白背飞虱种群的增长; 大田中使用氯虫苯甲酰胺防治鳞翅目害虫时, 可抑制同时发生的非靶标害虫白背飞虱田间种群增长。  相似文献   

2.
《Journal of Asia》2019,22(4):1180-1186
The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens negatively affects rice yield by sucking nutrients from the rice stem and spreading viruses. In this study, the effects of sublethal concentrations of abamectin on development, fecundity, and wing morphs of N. lugens were investigated. Treatment with sublethal concentrations of abamectin showed no significant effects on the developmental period of F0 nymphs. Although LC10 and LC25 treatments resulted in 10% and 25% mortality, the LC25 treatment significantly prolonged the lifespan of macropterous and brachypterous females. Abamectin-treated brachypterous females showed significantly lower fecundity than control females. Furthermore, abamectin treatment showed no significant effects on the developmental period of F1 nymphs. However, LC25 treatment significantly inhibited the fecundity of brachypterous F1 females and significantly reduced the proportion of macropterous F1 females and brachypterous F1 males. LC25 treatment showed no significant effects on the fecundity of macropterous F1 females. Considering the proportion of macropterous and brachypterous F1 females, the relative fitness of the macropterous F1 nymphs in the control, LC10, and LC25 treatment groups was 1, 1.02, and 0.84, respectively, and that of brachypterous F1 nymphs was 1, 0.79, and 0.93, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of abamectin inhibited N. lugens emergence. The present findings indicate the potential of abamectin for N. lugens field control.  相似文献   

3.
Buprofezin is an insect growth regulator and widely used insecticide in Malaysia. The present study evaluated the toxic effects of buprofezin on the embryo and larvae of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a model organism. The embryos and larvae were exposed to 7 different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L) of buprofezin. Each concentration was assessed in five replicates. Eggs were artificially fertilized and 200 eggs and larvae were subjected to a static bath treatment for all the concentrations. The mortality of embryos was significantly increased with increasing buprofezin concentrations from 5 to 100 mg/L (p< 0.05). However, the mortality was not significantly different (p<0.05) among the following concentrations: 0 (control), 0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg/L. Data obtained from the buprofezin acute toxicity tests were evaluated using probit analysis. The 24 h LC50 value (with 95% confidence limits) of buprofezin for embryos was estimated to be 6.725 (3.167-15.017) mg/L. The hatching of fish embryos was recorded as 68.8, 68.9, 66.9, 66.4, 26.9, 25.1 and 0.12% in response to 7 different concentrations of buprofezin, respectively. The mortality rate of larvae significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing buprofezin concentrations exposed to 24-48 h. The 24 and 48 h LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of buprofezin for the larvae was estimated to be 5.702 (3.198-8.898) and 4.642 (3.264-6.287) mg/L respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the LC50 values obtained at 24 and 48 h exposure times. Malformations were observed when the embryos and larvae exposed to more than 5 mg/L. The results emerged from the study suggest that even the low concentration (5 mg/L) of buprofezin in the aquatic environment may have adverse effect on the early embryonic and larval development of African catfish.  相似文献   

4.
《Journal of Asia》2023,26(3):102076
Insect neuropeptides are involved in many important developmental processes. Here, we cloned three neuropeptide genes (SfEH, SfETH, and SfCCAP) from Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and analyzed the relative expression levels of these genes through Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) during different developmental stages and in different wing types of S. furcifera following exposure to sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of methylaminoavermectin benzoate. The results revealed that the three neuropeptide genes (SfEH, SfETH, and SfCCAP) of S. furcifera contained open reading frame sequences of 222, 636, and 408 bp, encoding 73, 211, and 135 amino acids, respectively. Moreover, the expression of SfEH and SfETH reached its peak on day 3 of the 5th instar nymph stage, while the SfCCAP expressed pinnacle on 40 min after eclosion. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of the three genes were in the following order: SfEH, short-winged female > long-winged female > long-winged male; SfETH, long-winged female > short-winged female > long-winged male; and SfCCAP, short-winged female > long-winged male > short-winged female. Upon calculating the relative expression of the three peptide genes after 24 and 48 h of treatment with sublethal concentrations of methylaminoavermectin benzoate, it was found that the relative mRNA expression levels of SfEH and SfETH declined upon LC10 treatment but increased upon LC25 treatment. Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expression level of SfCCAP declined upon both LC10 and LC25 treatments. This result will help us understand the effects of pesticides on insect growth and development at the molecular level.  相似文献   

5.
《Journal of Asia》2019,22(3):693-698
Rhopalosiphum padi is a sap-sucking aphid and an important pest of wheat that causes considerable yield loss. Beta-cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, has a broad insecticide spectrum and is considered effective for aphid control, while its residual concentrations may have sublethal effects on R. padi. Here, the sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin on R. padi were conducted under laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity test showed that LC10, LC20, and LC25 of beta-cypermethrin to R. padi adults were 0.003, 0.031 and 0.079 mg L−1, respectively. The pre-adult survival rate was significantly reduced by all three concentrations. LC20 significantly extended the development duration of 1st instar nymphs, pre-oviposition period, and oviposition period of R. padi. The adult longevity was also reduced by LC25. However, the fecundity did not differ between the beta-cypermethrin treatment and control. For life table parameters, both the finite rate (λ) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) decreased at LC10 and LC20, as well as the net reproductive rate (R0) reduced at LC10 and LC25, while mean generation time (T) increased at LC20. Thus, at the concentrations of beta-cypermethrin tested here, there were negative impacts on R. padi fitness by decreased pre-adult survival rate, λ, r, and R0, and delayed the development of some stages and increased T.  相似文献   

6.
The reproduction ofSogatella furcifera was investigated in a chemically fertilized rice field and an organically farmed field. In the latter, the density of immigrants was significantly higher, while the settling rate of female adults and the survival rate of immature stages of ensuing generations were lower. The number of eggs laid by a female of the invading and following generations was smaller, and the percentage of brachypterous females in the next generation was also lower. Consequently, the density of nymphs and adults in the ensuing generations decreased in the organically farmed field. For an experimental comparison, potted rice plants were cultivated using seedlings and soil from the chemically fertilized or the organically farmed fields. WhenSogatella furcifera was reared on these plants, both the reproductive rate and the appearance rate of brachypterous female adults were lower in the organic treatment. Egg hatchability was also lower in the organic treatment. This experiment suggested that a specific nutritional condition in rice plants suppressed the population ofS. furcifera in the organically farmed field.  相似文献   

7.
8.
The effects of DIMBOA in cultivars of wheat on aphid antibiosis and tolerance to the insecticide deltamethrin were investigated for the aphid Sitobion auenae. Over 48 hours the mean relative growth rate differed significantly between nymphs of S. auenae reared on wheat cultivars containing different levels of DIMBOA. Nymphs on the resistant cv. Altar showed a significantly greater susceptibility to deltamethrin, with nearly a three-fold increase in the relative toxicity of deltamethrin, compared with the susceptible cv. Dollarbird. The LC50, adjusted for weight, was reduced by 91% for nymphs reared on the high DIMBOA cultivar. The potential for the enhancement of predation under a reduced pesticide régime is discussed in relation to this research.  相似文献   

9.
To clarify the effects of sublethal concentration of insecticide on the growth, development and reproduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the LC30 of six insecticides on adults and progeny (F1 and F2 generations) were studied using age-stage, two-sex life tables. Exposure to six insecticides had significant negative impacts on the life-history traits of B. dorsalis and led to reduced adult longevity and fecundity in F0, a longer larval stage duration in F1, and reduced fertility and survival. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) were reduced in F1, with the greatest reduction observed in the chlorpyrifos treatment. In the F2 generation, the adverse effects were weakened, only the cyantraniliprole treatment had lower values than the control, and the fecundity of other treatments returned to normal. Obvious “hormesis” phenomena were not observed in any of the generations. Based on the population hazard index, chlorpyrifos had the best control effect in the early stage, and cyantraniliprole had the best control effect in the long term. These results indicate that the LC30 of the six insecticides exert different transgenerational effects on the B. dorsalis population.  相似文献   

10.
An entomopathogenic fungal strain was originally isolated on artificial medium from the corpse of a pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) collected at Jingzhou, China (N30°21′18.15″, E112°08′41.63″). Based on tests of the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, it was considered to be a strain of Lecanicillium attenuatum Zare & W. Gams. Therefore, the strain was designated L. attenuatum YZU 151121. The activity of the biological agents under study was determined at 26 °C and 90% relative humidity. The number of A. pisum killed was increased by increasing the concentration of L. attenuatum. The results demonstrated that L. attenuatum YZU 151121 showed a high efficacy against 3rd-instar nymphs (LC50 = 2.91 ± 0.365 × 105 conidia/ml) and adults (LC50 = 3.12 ± 0.398 × 106 conidia/ml) after 6 days of exposure. Crude extract from this strain was tested for contact toxicity and showed high activity in 3rd-instar nymphs and adults, with LC50 values of 251.34 ± 49.54 and 315.46 ± 87.66 mg/l, respectively. In addition, crude extract at a concentration of 200 mg/l could significantly reduce fecundity in adults. These results revealed that the strain YZU 151121 may be useful in biopesticides for controlling pea aphid.  相似文献   

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