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用免疫组织化学方法研究P物质在雌雄黄雀发声控制核团和听觉中枢内的分布,结合计算机图像分析仪检测SP免疫阳性细胞和末梢的灰度值,并作雌雄比较。结果如下:1.在发声学习中枢嗅叶X区有大量的SP阳性神经末梢和一些神经细胞。2.在发声控制核团前脑高级发声中枢(HVc)、古纹状体栎核、发声学习中枢新纹状体巨细胞核和丘脑背内侧核外侧部内有许多的SP免疫阳性细胞。3.在发声控制中枢中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、听觉中枢丘脑卵圆核的壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核等有密集的SP免疫阳性神经末梢和纤维分布;雄性发声中枢内SP的分布比雌性丰富,两者有显著的差异。结果表明:SP的分布在雌雄发声中枢之间存在显著的性双态;SP广泛分布于黄雀发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内,提示SP可能在发声控制及听觉中枢内具有重要的生理功能。  相似文献   

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本文究了雌、雄白腰文鸟(Lonchura striata swinhoei)不同发育时期前脑四个控制发声重要核团古纹状体栎核(RA)、新纹状体前部巨细胞核外侧部(LMAN)、X区(Area X)和高级发声中枢(HVC)中神经元数量、体积和体内雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)浓度的变化,以揭示性激素对鸣禽发声核团性双态性分化的影响。结果发现:(1)HVC、LMAN和X区在发育早期神经元数量和体积均呈显著性双态性差异,而RA神经元直至30日龄(P30)后才显示出明显性别差异(P<0.05);(2)除RA外,HVC、LMAN和X区神经元体积的显著性双态性差异均发生在P20左右,P20后雌、雄核团内的神经元体积仅有较小范围的波动;(3)RA和LMAN神经元数量随年龄增长而逐渐减少;雌、雄鸟HVC和雄鸟X区的神经元数量在P20—30间均增长,雄鸟HVC的增长幅度显著大于雌鸟。P30后HVC和X区的神经元数量不再增加,开始小幅度减少;(4)四个发声核团的神经元数量和体积在P5-120期间均出现1—2个急剧变化期,此变化期与体内雌激素水平开始出现显著性差异的临界期及核团间神经联系开始建立的时期相对应;(5)雌、雄鸟血清中E2的水平在核团发育初期(P5)差异显著,雌鸟为雄鸟的7.45倍,P5后则呈相反方向变化趋势,在P15时雄鸟中的E2水平反超过雌鸟,差异显著(P<0.05)。睾酮仅在发育P50后的雄鸟体内被检测出,雌鸟中始终未能检测出T的存在。结果提示:雌、雄白腰文鸟发育早期体内E2浓度的变化启动了HVC、LMAN和X区早期神经元性双态性的分化和持续发育;睾酮对雌、雄鸣禽发声控制核团中早期神经元的性双态性分化作用较小[动物学报49(3):353—361,2003]。  相似文献   

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成年雄性鸣禽的习得性发声信号——长鸣(long call)和鸣唱(song)是由前脑高级发声中枢启动,以及由前脑最后一级输出核团弓状皮质栎核(robust nucleus of the arcopallium,RA)整合输出.RA投射神经元与位于中脑的基本发声中枢丘间复合体背内侧核(dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular,DM)形成突触连接.该文采用电损毁与声谱分析相结合的方法,通过依次损毁成年雄性斑胸草雀(Taeniopygia guttata)单侧RA和DM核团,探讨了前脑和中脑对习得性发声的影响.结果提示,RA核团与DM核团共同参与了对雄性斑胸草雀习得性声音的调控,而且这种控制具有右侧优势.  相似文献   

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用焦油紫染色,图像分析及统计学方法比较研究了两种鸣禽栗巫鸟和燕雀发声控制核团的体积差异.结果表明,在发声活动中起重要作用的核团前脑HVc、RA 和X区的体积存在显著的种间差异:发声技巧较高的雄性栗巫鸟的相应核团均相对大于雄性燕雀;而在发声中作用较小的nⅫts及雌性鸣禽的相应所有核团均无显著种间差异. 这一结果表明,发声能力的高低与前脑发声核团的体积直接相关.  相似文献   

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用免疫组织化学方法研究P物质在雌雄黄雀发声控制核团和听觉中枢内的分布,结合计算机图像分析仪检测SP免疫阳性细胞和末梢的灰度值,并作雌雄比较。结果如下:1.在发声学习中枢嗅叶X区有大量的SP阳性神经末梢和一些神经细胞。2.在发声控制核团前脑高级发声中枢(HVc)、古纹状体栎核、发声学习中枢新纹状体巨细胞核和丘脑背内侧核外侧部内有许多的SP免疫阳性细胞。3.在发声控制中枢中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管呜管部、听觉中枢丘脑卵圆核的壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核等有密集的SP免疫阳性神经末梢和纤维分布;雄性发声中枢内SP的分布比雌性丰富,两者有显著的差异。结果表明:SP的分布在雌雄发声中枢之间存在显著的性双态;SP广泛分布于黄雀发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内,提示SP可能在发声控制及听觉中枢内具有重要的生理功能。  相似文献   

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鸣禽前脑发声控制核团的雌雄差别   总被引:24,自引:5,他引:19  
李东风  左明雪 《动物学报》1992,38(3):298-301
本文应用尼氏染色组织学方法,对黄喉鹀(Emberiza elegans)、黄雀(Carduclis spinus)和燕雀(Fringilla montifringilla)三种鸣禽的前脑发声控制核团(HVc,RA,Area X)进行了观察和比较。结果表明,这些核团的体积存在着显著的性双形性。雄鸟的核团体积均大于雌鸟(P<0.001)。说明鸟类鸣啭行为的性别差异是由其神经结构的形态不同所造成的。  相似文献   

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用组织学技术和微机处理方法研究了春秋两季雄性成年鸣禽栗鹂前脑鸣啭相关核团体积与性腺体积之间的相关性。结果表明,与鸣啭控制直接相关的核团HVC、RA以及在鸣啭学习中具有重要作用的X区体积均随睾丸体积变化而发生显著的正相关性变化,而与发声无关的对照核团则没有这种相关性。  相似文献   

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鸣禽白腰文鸟前脑古纹状体粗核性双态发育的神经机制   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
曾少举  张信文  左明雪 《动物学报》2001,47(5):535-541,T001
对鸣禽白腰文鸟 (Lonchurastriata)发声控制核团古纹状体粗核 (robustnucleusofarchistriatum ,RA)的性双态分化过程进行了组织学研究 ,并应用双向神经示踪剂 (biotinylateddextranamine ,BDA) ,追踪新纹状体外侧巨细胞核 (lateralnucleusmagnocellularisofanteriorneostriatum ,LMAN)和高级发声中枢 (highvocalcenter,HVC)与RA建立纤维联系的时间和过程。结果发现 :5~ 3 5日龄段为雌雄RA体积、神经元大小和神经元密度变化最集中的时间。在该时段内 ,RA体积、神经元大小均增加 3~ 4倍 ,而RA神经元密度减少约 4倍。这些变化在雌雄间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ,非配对 ,双尾t 检验 ) ,但与RA同LMAN、HVC建立神经联系的时间一致。RA同LMAN、HVC建立联系的时间分别为 5~ 15和 15~ 3 5日龄。 4 5日龄后 ,RA体积大小在雌、雄间出现显著差别 (P <0 0 5 )。 4 5~ 60日龄为雌鸟神经元凋亡数量最多时期 ,4 5和 60日龄神经元凋亡数分别为 19 4± 8 0和 17 9± 8 2 (× 10 3/mm3)。结果提示 :4 5日龄后雌雄鸟RA体积和神经元凋亡的变化可能是鸣禽发声核团性双态产生的主要原因。  相似文献   

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本文用尼氏染色,在光镜下观察了大鼠脑视前区性双形核的位置、立体重塑和细胞组成。结果表明,该核团是一对圓柱形小核团,在视前区第三脑室两侧对称分布,头尾两端较细,中部稍膨大,其总长度雄性为262±35μm,雌性205±32μm。核团内由大、中、小三种神经元组成。雄性核团还可分为腹外侧和背内侧二个亚群,腹外侧亚群主由中神经元组成,背内侧亚群以大神经元占多数,雌性核团无明显的分群现象。  相似文献   

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Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.  相似文献   

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Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.  相似文献   

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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.  相似文献   

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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases  相似文献   

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