多歧苏铁的修订

中国特有种。产云南东南部元江流域,个旧、蒙自、屏边与河口交界处,海拔200-1000     

多歧苏铁的补述

多歧苏铁 独把铁,独脚铁(云南屏边) 图版1 Cycas multipinnata C. J. Chen et S. Y. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32(3): 239.1994. Plate 1 Trunk 20—40 cm tall, 10—20 cm in diam., brown-grey. Leaves 1, rarely 2, termi-     

On the Genus Athyrium Ser. Epiraches Ching et Y. T. Hsieh ex Y. T. Hsieh

This paper,third in the series of an account of the genus Athyrium in China, presents a revision of the series Epiraches Ching et Y．T．Hsieh ex Y．T．Hsieh．A total of 11 species are recognized from China,and more than 20 names are reduced to synonyms in the present paper．Ser．Epiraches is anatural group in Athyrium,it is distinguished from all the other groups of the genus by its Asplenioid sori and indusia,The series is entirely Asian tropical,subtropical and primarily montane．Its northern limits in central and eastern China are not beyond the Yangtze River．Southwestern part and Taiwan of China and Japan Islands are centers of diversity for the series,each with more than five species．Some speciesare disjunctly distributed in southwest China-Taiwan-Japan;one species(Athyrium roseum) occurs discontinuously between Yunnan and Taiwan;one endemic to Hainan(A. hainanense)is the only representative of Athyrium on the island．All members of this series grow in evergreen broad-leaf forests,generally from 500 to 1800 m above sea level．A key to the species,and illustrations of the middle pinnae from different specimens are provided．     

Karyotype Analysis of Cycas panzhihuaensis L. Zhou et S. Y. Yang

This paper reports chromosome number and karyotype analysis of Cycas panzhihuaensis endemic to China. The material was collected from Dukou, Sichuan. It is a diploid species, with 2n=22=2m+4sm+4st+l2t. The karyotype of Cycas panzhihuaensis is different from that of the other species of the genus Cycas, which was known to be 2n=4m+8st+10t. The former is a new karyotype in the genus. The authors briefly discuss karyotype evolution of the genus Cycas in this papar.     

秀叶苏铁——广西苏铁属一新种

本文发表了一苏铁属新种,即秀叶苏铁,对其特征进行了阐述。     

德保苏铁居群特征及保护措施

报道了德保苏铁(CycasdebaoensisY.C.ZhongetC.J.Chen)的居群结构调查情况,并与百色地区林业局1998年的调查结果进行比较。结果表明,德保苏铁分布区狭窄,仅产于广西壮族自治区德保县扶平乡约15.3hm2的石灰岩山坡;由于人为原因,其数量已从1998年的2000多株锐减到2001年的1085株,尤其是成年植株数量剧减,由此导致年龄结构趋于幼年化,呈现正金字塔的假象;雌雄比从1∶10变为1∶5,这些现状表明德保苏铁的保护刻不容缓。     

New discoveries of cycads and advancement of conservation of cycads in China

From 1997 to 1999Cycas debaoensis Y. C. Zhong & C. J. Chen andC. changjiangensis N. Liu were described from South China. The wild populations ofCycas szechuanensis were discovered in Fujian.Cycas guizhouensis K. M. Lan & R. F. Zou at the higher elevations andC. segmentifida D. Y. Wang & C. Y. Deng at the lower elevations along the Nanpanjiang River should be good species, which were treated by Chen and Wang (1995) and Chen and Stevenson (1999) as synonyms forC. szechuanensis. However, 11 other new species have been reduced by Chen and Stevenson (1999) and the present authors. They areC. longlinensis Huang T. Chang & Y. C. Zhong,C. xilinensis Huang T. Chang & Y. C. Zhong, C.multifida Huang T. Chang & Y. C. Zhong, C.longiconifera Huang T. Chang & Y. C. Zhong, andC. acuminatissima Huang T. Chang & Y. C. Zhong, all treated as synonyms ofC. segmentifida. Cycas spiniformis J. Y. Liang,C. longisporophylla F. N. Wei,C. septermsperma Huang T. Chang & H. X. Zhang,C. brevipinnata Huang T. Chang et al. should be synonyms forC. exseminifera F. N. Wei.Cycas miquelii Warb, andEpicycas miquelii (Warb.) de Laub, should be the synonyms forC revoluta because their “stype” specimens are somewhat likeC. revoluta. The Honghe Nature Cycad Reserve forCycas multipinnata andC. hongheensis was recently established in Yunnan. The Debao Cycad Reserve will be established soon. However, most existing cycad reserves in China have not been so successful because of shortages of funding and poor management. In ex situ conservation the Qingxiushan Cycad Garden in Nanning, Guangxi, was established. Cycad nurseries have begun to appear in some villages in South China.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Cycas debaoensis Y. C. Zhong et C. J. Chen (Cycadaceae)

Cycas debaoensis is one of the critically endangered cycad species endemic to China. In this study, we described the development of six microsatellite markers from the genome of C. debaoensis using the protocol of fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) and two microsatellite markers derived from the database of expressed sequence tags (dbEST). Polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 60 adult individuals of the cycad. The average allele number of the microsatellites was 2.6 per locus, ranging from two to five. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.0833 to 0.7333 and from 0.0805 to 0.7188, respectively. Despite its rarity, only one locus (Y177) deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to the excessive homozygosity. The marker transferability of the eight primer pairs was tested on other four congeneric species that also occur in China.     

叉叶类苏铁是苏铁属植物中最进化的种群

Cycas属植物羽状复叶上的小羽片,是从不开叉向二叉开裂逐步发展的。二叉开裂后,小羽片继续进一步发展、进化,在其开叉分裂的小羽片上再次二叉开裂,成为三回、四回、五回二叉开裂的裂片（小叶）,最后小羽片发展到多回开裂,成为Cycas属植物羽状复叶上最进化的一种小羽片类型。着生这种进化类型小羽片的叉叶类苏铁是Cycas属植物中最进化的种群。     

叉叶类苏铁是苏铁属植物中最进化的种群

Cycas属植物羽状复叶上的小羽片,是从不开叉向二叉开裂逐步发展的,二叉开裂后,小羽片继续进一步发展,进化,在其开叉分裂的小羽片上再次二叉开裂,成为三回,四回,五回二叉开裂的裂片（小叶）,最后小羽片发展到多回开裂,成为Cycas属植物羽状复叶上最进化的一种小羽片类型,着生这种进化类型小羽片的叉叶类苏铁是Cycas属植物中最进化的种群。     

Maternal inheritance of plastids and mitochondria in Cycas L. (Cycadaceae)

Cycas is often considered a living fossil, thereby providing a unique model for revealing the evolution of spermatophytes. To date, the genetic inheritance of these archaic plants is not fully understood. The present study seeks to document the process of organelle inheritance in an interspecific cross of Cycas species. Extranuclear organelle DNA from chloroplasts and mitochondria was analyzed using both polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and microscopy. Here, we show that the chloroplasts and mitochondria in the progeny of interspecific crosses between Cycas taitungensis and Cycas ferruginea were exclusively inherited from the female parent. Epifluorescence microscopic analyses of the pollen cells from Cycas elongata indicated that there was a significant degradation of organelle DNA in male reproductive cells following maturation; the DNA fluorescent signals were only seen after pollen mitosis two, but not detectable at mature stage. Lack of organelle DNA fluorescent signal in prothallial cells was confirmed by the absence of plastids and mitochondria in electronic microscopic images. In conclusion, these data suggest that the maternal plastid and mitochondrial inheritance in Cycas, native to the old world, are the same as seen in seed plants.     

苏铁属植物叶表皮特征及其分类学和古生态学意义

苏铁属(Cycas)作为一类古老的裸子植物,经历了漫长的演化历史,因此,深入研究其形态特征与环境的相互关系,有望为古环境重建提供重要参考依据。本文分析西双版纳和深圳两地植物园栽培环境下27种苏铁属植物的叶表皮特征及气孔参数的差异,并进一步探讨气孔参数与系统发育的关系。结果表明:(1)苏铁属内叶表皮特征保守稳定,具有一定的分类学意义:依据表皮细胞及气孔器特征划分了四种叶表皮类型,可为苏铁现生植物或化石的鉴定提供参考。(2)四种叶表皮类型指示了不同的原生生境特征,对古环境具有一定的指示意义。(3)同一环境下,气孔参数在属内的种间差异显著,其次,气孔指数在属内变化与系统发育有关,除气孔指数具显著的系统发育信号外,其余气孔参数均无显著系统发育信号。本研究结果表明气孔参数法重建古大气CO2浓度时,需尽可能利用亲缘关系相近、叶表皮和生境皆相似的代理种,并明确气孔参数与大气CO2分压的相关关系在种间的异同,从而提高该方法的有效性。     

谭清苏铁性别连锁的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphicDNA)分子标记技术,寻找谭清苏铁(Cycas tanqingii)中与性别相关的分子标记,筛选了160个10bp的随机引物,产生了2500多个RAPD条带。只有引物S0465(CCCCGGTAAC)产生了一条大约500bp的雌性特异RAPD标记,该分子标记出现在所有的供试雌性植株中,而所有的供试雄性植株都不具有该标记。对该特异片段进行了克隆和序列测定,并根据序列分析结果将RAPD标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的特异特征序列扩增区域(SCAR)分子标记,并命名为STQC-S465-483。分子标记的建立可用于谭清苏铁幼苗性别的早期鉴定,为谭清苏铁就地保护和迁地保护提供技术支持。     

我国苏铁属一新种

我国苏铁属(苏铁种)一新种, 即念珠苏铁。     

Cladistics and Biogeography of Artemisia sect. Viscidipubes and sect. Albiraotea (Compositae)

Twenty-six species and eight varieties of Sect．Viscidipubes & Sect．Albibractea are endemic to Asia．Most species of Sect．Viscidipubes are distributed from low to high altitudes and cold areas in the Hengduan-Himalayan Mountains,with only a few species extending to E or S Asia．Sect．Albibractea is distributed mainly in the subtropics and tropics,lower altitudes and moist areas in S & SE Asia,with a few species extending to the Qinling range of China．Both sections are more advanced than the other sections．They were studied by cladistic analysis and outgroup comparison．Data matrix of 55 characters from stems,leaves,inflorescences,female flowers,bisexual flowers,achenes,pollen grains and chemical constitution was employed in separate and combined studies．Eighteen most parsimonious cladograms were generated with 358 steps,consistency index of 0．72 and retention index of 0．87． 1．Within Artemisia,Sect．Viscidipubes and Sect．Albibractea are sister groups to all the other groups． 2．We support the idea to separate Sect．Viscidipubes (incl．Ser．Viscidipubes,Ser．Erlangshanenses and Ser. Pleiocephalea) and Sect．Albibractea (incl．Ser．Albibractea,Ser．Flaccidae and Ser. Anomalae)．The authors suggest that Ser．Anomalae include A．deversa and Ser．Erlangshanenses include A．zayuensis and A．yadongensis as well as Ser．Viscidipubes include A．gyitangensis and A．boreali-siamensis．As the result of the cladistic analysis,the authors tend to propose a new series, Ser．Tanguticae,incl．A．tangutica in the section． 3．We consider that SW China,especially W Sichuan,is the speciation center and the tration of the present distribution center．4．A．boreali-siamensis,only in N Thailand,is not related to the widely distributed species in Ser．Pleiocephalae,such as A．atrovirens,A．chingii and A．myriantha,but rather closely related to species,such as A．vexans,A．occidentali-sichuanensis,which are endemic to W.Sichuan and E．Xizang．     

海南岛苏铁属一新种

海南岛苏铁属（苏铁科）一新种,即三亚苏铁。     

Notes on the Genus Chesneya Lindl. ex Endl. (Fabaceae)

According to the main morphological characters, Spongiocarpella Yakovl．et Ulzijkh．should be reduced to the genus Chesneya Lindl．ex Endl． The present author had examined all available specimens and then transferred all species (nine species and one subspecies) of Spongiocarpella into Chesneya． At the same time,four species and one subspecies are reduced,and a new grade is proposed．     

Biosystematic Studies on Adenophora potaninii Korsh. Complex (Campanulaceae) III. Genetic Variation and Taxonomic Value of Morphological Characters

Adenophora potaninii Korsh．complex is a morphologically variable group including six species．As shown in many species in the genus Adenophora,the variability of many morphological characters in the complex under investigation is amazingly great,which brings difficulties in the delimitation and indentification of taxa．In the present study,six populations representing five species in the complex were systematically sampled to investigate the pattern of morphological variation within population and to detect the genetic basis of the variation with progeny tests and controlled crosses．The results are as follows： Great morphological variation within population is found (Fig.1),including characters such as leaf shape,teeth number and size of leaf margins,teeth number of calyx lobes,and indumentum on the surface of stems and leaves,which were previously considered as diagnotic．Systematic sampling and statistical analysis show that the differences in the above characters exhibit continuous patterns of variation within population (Fig．1,2),though they are highly correlated (Table 2)．From progeny testing and crossing between two contrast types of individuals (oblong,dentate and pubescent leaves vs．narrow,entire and glabrous leaves)it is evident that those characters show continuous variability in segregating progenies (Fig.3,4)and appear to be influenced by large numbers of loci with individually slight effects．Since most wild populations were highly heterozygous for those characters,the individuals in one extreme of variation can produce their variable offsprings including individuals similar to those in the other extreme (Fig. 3). This is also true for the indumentum density on stems and teeth number of calyx lobes. In this complex, A. biformifolia Y. Z. Zhao, A. bockiana Diels and A. polydentata P.F. Tu et G. J. Xu were described exclusively based on leaf shapes, teeth number of leaf margins and calyx lobes, teeth size of leaf margins, and indumentum on the surface of stemsand leaves. It is demonstrated, however, that the variation of those characters is of a quantitative nature and show no discontinuities. As a result, genetic analysis of diagnostic characters along with their sympatric distribution and same habitats, strongly suggest that A.biformifolia as well as A. bockiana and A. polydentata are actually the extreme individuals within A. wawreana and A. potaninii respectively and should not be recognized as taxa at any taxonomic level.     

谭清苏铁性别连锁的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNA)分子标记技术,寻找谭清苏铁（Cycas tanqingii）中与性别相关的分子标记,筛选了160个10bp的随机引物,产生了2500多个RAPD条带。只有引物S0465 (CCCCGGTAAC)产生了一条大约500bp的雌性特异RAPD标记,该分子标记出现在所有的供试雌性植株中,而所有的供试雄性植株都不具有该标记。对该特异片段进行了克隆和序列测定,并根据序列分析结果将RAPD标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的特异特征序列扩增区域（SCAR）分子标记,并命名为STQC-S465-483。分子标记的建立可用于谭清苏铁幼苗性别的早期鉴定,为谭清苏铁就地保护和迁地保护提供技术支持。