瑞香狼毒根提取物对山楂叶螨的生物活性

采用不同的生物活性测定方法比较了瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)根部4种不同溶剂提取物的杀螨活性。结果表明,瑞香狼毒根提取物对山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensis Zacher)有很好的触杀和内吸活性。在触杀活性测试中,石油醚提取物和氯仿提取物的杀螨活性最高;在内吸作用中,乙醇、氯仿和石油醚提取物的杀螨活性均较高,杀螨效果显著。在对石油醚提取物的不同溶剂萃取物进行生物活性追踪测定中发现,石油醚萃取物和氯仿萃取物具有较高的生物活性,浓度为0.6 g.L-1,山楂叶螨的24 h校正死亡率分别达到93.22%和79.66%。     

羽叶千里光不同部位提取物的抗氧化活性研究

目的:比较研究羽叶千里光根、茎、叶和花四个部位甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性.方法:采用索式提取法分别对羽叶千里光根、茎、叶和花进行甲醇提取;采用分光光度法测定提取物对二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)清除能力及其在β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系中的抗氧化活性.结果:羽叶千里光叶甲醇提取物对DPPH的清除能力最强,其次为茎、花、根.在β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系中,羽叶千里光抗氧化作用强弱依次为叶、茎、根、花.结论:羽叶千里光四个部位甲醇提取物均有抗氧化活性.其中,叶甲醇提取物的抗氧化能力最强.     

灰毛豆甲醇提取物的杀虫活性

研究灰毛豆(Tephrosia purpurea)各部位提取物的杀虫活性及其作用方式。结果表明,灰毛豆对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus Skuse幼虫、菜青虫Pieris rapae(L.)、斜纹夜蛾Prodenialitura(Fabricius)幼虫和黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricius)成虫都有杀虫活性。灰毛豆种子、树皮、根皮、豆荚、枝条和树叶的甲醇提取物对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫24h的LC50值分别是22.1,97.7,36.6,142.6,165.6和618.3mg.L-1,树干木质部没有杀虫活性;灰毛豆种子、树皮和根皮甲醇提取物对3龄菜青虫24h的触杀毒力LC50值分别是232.1,206.3和236.7mg.L-1;种子、树皮、根皮、枝条、树叶和豆荚对3龄菜青虫的24h胃毒毒力LC50值分别是192.6,168.4,249.7,524.5,1001.0,和510.7mg.L-1。在取食或接触有提取物的叶碟后,5龄菜青虫会出现取食量减少和生长发育变慢的亚致死现象。这些研究结果表明,灰毛豆除茎干木质部以外的其它各部位均含有杀虫活性成分,其作用方式为胃毒和触杀。     

假臭草对菜青虫杀虫活性的研究

测定了假臭草根、茎、叶的甲醇提取液对菜青虫的生物活性。结果表明假臭草根、茎、叶的甲醇提取液对菜青虫无触杀活性;假臭草提取液对菜青虫的拒食活性强弱依次为叶茎根,在浓度为1 g/mL时拒食率分别为36.51%、63.34%和79.33%;假臭草茎和叶的甲醇提取液对菜青虫有一定的胃毒作用,在浓度为1 g/mL时,假臭草叶和茎甲醇提取液对菜青虫的胃毒活性分别为66.67%和33.33%。     

转Bt cry1Ah基因抗虫玉米对亚洲玉米螟、棉铃虫和黏虫的抗性评价

利用农杆菌介导法将Bt cry1Ah基因转入玉米自交系综31,获得对玉米螟有显著抗性的转基因玉米HGK60,为了研究其对鳞翅目害虫的杀虫活性,在室内和田间分别用亚洲玉米螟、棉铃虫和黏虫幼虫对HGK60玉米的杀虫效果进行检测。室内生物活性检测结果表明,取食HGK60玉米心叶的亚洲玉米螟幼虫在3 d后死亡率达100%;HGK60玉米对棉铃虫幼虫有毒杀作用,玉米不同部位对棉铃虫幼虫的杀虫效果存在差异;与非转基因玉米对照相比,取食HGK60玉米叶片一周后的黏虫幼虫体重增长明显受到抑制。田间生物活性检测结果表明,HGK60玉米对于亚洲玉米螟和棉铃虫有很强的杀虫活性,达到高抗级别,对于黏虫有一定的杀虫活性,为抗性级别。     

瑞香狼毒根的抑菌活性研究（Ⅰ）

以苹果干腐病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、南瓜枯萎病菌、玉米大斑病菌、烟草赤星病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌为供试菌,采用生物活性跟踪法、生长速率测定法和系统溶剂提取法对瑞香狼毒根中的杀菌活性物质进行了筛选和分离。结果表明,杀菌活性物质主要集中在乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇粗提物中。从乙酸乙酯提取物中分离出两种杀菌活性物质AF1-4和AF1-5,同时还发现瑞香狼毒根中还存在增菌物质。     

银州柴胡的化学成分研究

本文对银州柴胡全草及根、茎、叶中的化学成分分别进行了分析研究及对比。银州柴胡用甲醇、乙醚、正己烷混合溶剂进行冰水浴──超声提取后，再进行ＨＲＧＣ／ＭＳ分析，共鉴定出１１６种挥发性化学成分，其中大部分具有一定的生物活性。     

杂交水稻金优63幼苗期SOD和POD特性研究

对杂交水稻金优63幼苗不同时期的根、茎、叶进行SOD同工酶电泳分析,并测定SOD、POD活性。结果表明,自播种后第7天到第13天,幼苗的SOD同工酶在根、茎、叶中有明显的器官特异性,且SOD活性叶 >茎 >根。相同器官不同时期的SOD同工酶电泳谱带条数及SOD活性都有变化,且SOD活性强弱与SOD同工酶电泳谱带中有无Mn-SOD同工酶带有一定的关系。幼苗的POD活性在根、茎、叶中也有明显的器官特异性,茎中POD活性明显高于根和叶,且POD活性变化与SOD活性变化有一定的关系。     

狭叶柴胡营养器官中柴胡皂苷和黄酮类化合物的积累部位及含量比较

采用植物解剖学、组织化学定位和紫外分光光度计分析方法,对狭叶柴胡各营养器官(根、茎、叶)的结构特征、营养器官中柴胡皂苷和黄酮类化合物的积累部位及其含量进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)狭叶柴胡根由周皮、中柱鞘薄壁组织和次生维管组织组成,茎由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,叶为等面叶结构,其营养器官的结构均表现出对旱生环境的适应性。(2)组织化学定位显示,柴胡皂苷在狭叶柴胡根中主要分布在维管形成层和次生韧皮部及次生木质部靠近维管形成层的木薄壁细胞中,在茎中主要分布在表皮、皮层、维管形成层及韧皮薄壁细胞中,在叶中主要分布于表皮和叶肉中;狭叶柴胡的黄酮类化合物在茎中主要分布于表皮、棱角处的厚角组织及部分皮层细胞中,在叶中主要分布于表皮和位于叶缘及下表皮内的厚角组织中,在根内分布很少。(3)定量分析表明,柴胡总皂苷在狭叶柴胡根、茎、叶中的含量分别为2.635%、1.045%和0.981%;而黄酮类化合物在根、茎、叶中的含量分别为0.032%、1.212%和2.259%;定量分析结果与组织化学实验结果相符。研究表明,柴胡总皂苷在狭叶柴胡的根中含量最高,支持《中国药典》以根入药的结论;而且狭叶柴胡叶中的黄酮类化合物含量较高,建议对狭叶柴胡的叶进行综合开发利用。     

五叶木通营养器官解剖结构与三萜皂苷的积累关系

采用显微制片技术、组织化学定位和三萜皂苷定量分析方法,对五叶木通的营养器官分别进行了三萜皂苷的组织化学定位、含量和解剖结构特征研究。结果表明：三萜皂苷在五叶木通不同营养器官中的含量不同,含量测定与组织化学定位推测的结果吻合,叶＞根＞茎;三萜皂苷在同一营养器官的不同发育时期含量不同,总的规律是：老叶＞幼茎＞幼根＞幼叶﹥老根﹥老茎。三萜皂苷在不同器官中具有明确的积累位置：根中主要是次生韧皮部和周皮;皮层和次生韧皮部是茎中三萜皂苷积累部位;叶内则以栅栏组织为主。五叶木通根中初生木质部二原型,次生木质部内导管多为单管孔,少数为管孔链,纤维含量丰富。茎中韧皮纤维丰富,在幼茎中纤维成束状罩在初生韧皮部的外方,在次生韧皮部中纤维呈带状环绕在外方。叶为异面叶。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.