湖南汉族、侗族16对遗传性状的调查

本文对湖南汉族、侗族的16对遗传性状进行了调查.计算出了每对性状的出现率及除扣手和交叉臂外的14对遗传性状的基因频率,分析了民族间和性别间的差异,同时还分析了惯用手、扣手、交叉臂之间的关系。 Abstract:Sixteen genetic traits were investigated in Han and Dong nationalities of Hunan Province.The frequencies of all the sixteen genetic traits and the gene frequencies of fourteen genetic traits except hand-clasping and arm-folding were calculated.The differences between two nationalities and those between male and female were ana-lyzed.The relations among handedness,hand-clasping and arm-folding were also analyzed.     

宁夏回、汉族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

调查了宁夏回、汉族拇指类型,环食指长、扣手,交叉臂及惯用手等5项人类遗传学经典指标,结果显示：（1）2民族间环食指长百分率有极的差异（P＜0．01）,拇指类型,扣手,交叉臂及惯用手百分率无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,（2）拇指类型,扣手,交叉臂及惯用手百分率无性别间差异,男性环指长百分率高于女性,差异显著（P＜0．05）。（3）惯用手与扣手,交叉臂之间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间无关。     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于１９９６年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族５项人类遗传学经典指标（拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手）。研究结果显示：（１）３个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙—汉、蒙—回间存在显著性差异;（２）拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;（３）惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;（４）与国外人群比较,３个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂Ｒ型出现率较高,扣手Ｒ型出现率较低,惯用手Ｌ型出现率高于印度的一些群体。     

内蒙古汉、回、蒙古族扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的分析

利用对数线性模型分析了郑连斌、陆舜华等1996年在内蒙古调查的汉、回、蒙古族的3项人类遗传学指标（扣手、交叉臂、惯用手）,得出与其既有相同又有不同的结论。结果显示：（1）扣手与民族、性别都无关;（2）交叉臂与民族不相关,与性别相关;（3）惯用手、民族、性别三者存在三因子效应;（4）惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂分别存在相关性,而交叉臂与扣手之间相关性不显著。     

湖北汉族五项遗传性状的分析研究

报道了湖北医药学院1 498名(男746、女752)汉族大学生的拇指类型、环食指长、手的惯用、手指嵌合、交叉臂共五项人类遗传学经典指标.研究显示:1)拇指类型、环食指长、手指嵌合、交叉臂的分布在男女性别间有显著差异;2)手指嵌合、拇指类型、惯用手、交叉臂、环食指长等性状存在地区间差异;3)惯用手与扣手间存在明显的相互关系.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

新疆3个民族3对性状的遗传学研究

通过对新疆地区汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族的利手、扣手及优势足这3对遗传性状的调查,比较这3对性状在3个民族间基因频率的分布。结果显示：除了汉族和维吾尔族在优势足上存在明显差异,这3对遗传性状在3个民族间差异较小。     

海南黎、苗、汉族扣手、交叉臂和惯用手的研究

调查了海南居住较为集中的黎、苗、汉族(共3 207人)扣手、交叉臂、惯用手等人类左右不对称行为特征。结果显示：(1)扣手、交手臂、惯用手三型3个民族的出现率均为R>L型,惯用手的R型出现率远较其他两型高,呈高度显著性差异,(P<0.01)。(2)扣手、交叉臂出现率与性别无关。(3)惯用手R型出现率苗族女性明显高于男性,差异显著(P<0.05)。三民族总和出现率为89.06％,是国内外属最低的。(4)扣手与交叉臂、扣手与惯用手,交叉臂与惯用手之间均具有相当明显的相关性。 Abstract：It was investigated that three types of many general indexes of anthrotogical genetics,which include hand-clasping、arm-folding and handedness,just among Li,Miao and Han nationalities in Hainan.There were 3207 people investigated in total.The results showed as follows:(1)The frequency of hand?clasping,arm-folding and handedness is far higher than others(P<0.01).(2) It was proved that there was no signilicant difference between male and female in the frequency of either hand-clasping or arm-floding.(3)It was obvious that the frequency of type R handedness in female of Miao nationality was higher than in male.And the difference was much clear(P<0.05).The total frequency of handedness was about 89.06 percent,which was the lowest rate as far as we known.(4)There was correlation among handedness and hand?clasping,handedness and arm-folding andhand-clasping and arm-folding respectively.     

屯堡人7项不对称行为特征

在贵州省安顺市对359例屯堡人(男145例,女214例)中学生的7项不对称行为特征(扣手、利手、叠臂、叠腿、利足、起步类型和优势眼)进行了调查。研究结果显示:1)屯堡人除叠臂左型率高于右型率外,其他6项不对称行为特征均为右型率高于左型率;2)屯堡人7项不对称行为特征的出现率均无性别差异;3)与其他族群比较,屯堡人利足右型率和叠臂右型率中等,叠腿右型率和扣手右型率高;4)屯堡人两两不对称行为中,扣手与利手、扣手与叠臂、扣手与叠腿、叠腿与起步相关,利手、利足、起步三种行为彼此相关。     

河南汉族7项不对称行为特征的研究

对南阳市祖籍河南汉族400例正常人7项不对称行为进行调查.结果:1)河南汉族扣手、利手、叠臂、叠腿、利足、起步类型和优势眼的右型率分别为:71.25％、93.00％、43.50％、82.00％、91.25％、62.25％、63.25％.除叠腿外其他6种不对称行为的出现率男女性别间均无统计学差异;2)与国内其他族群比较,河南汉族扣手、叠腿、起步类型右型率处于较高水平,利手、利足、优势眼右型率处于中等水平,叠臂右型率处于中等偏下水平;3)利手、利足、扣手两两性状间,利手与叠腿、利足与优势眼性状间具有相关性,右型-右型率显著高于左型-左型率.     

Functional and postural lateral preferences in humans: interrelations and life-span age differences

This study aimed to provide data on lateral preferences among older subjects, to analyze age differences, and to determine interrelations between lateral preferences. Four functional preferences (handedness, footedness, eyedness, earedness) and three postural lateral preferences (hand-clasping, arm-folding, leg-crossing) were assessed in 628 Germans (252 men, 376 women) aged between 19 and 90 years. Sex differences, age differences, and associations between lateralities were analyzed applying chi-square tests. Logistic regression analyses considering age, sex, and interactions between variables were applied to analyze combined effects on laterality measures. Right-sided preference for handedness, footedness, eyedness, earedness, and leg-crossing characterized 86.8%, 77.1%, 70.9%, 67.8%, and 56.6%, respectively, of subjects, while a left-sided preference for hand-clasping and arm-folding characterized 56.4% and 60.2%, respectively, of all participants. Results are within the range of other populations. Only footedness differed between the sexes: there were more left-footed men. Older cohorts showed a rightward shift in handedness, eyedness, earedness, and leg-crossing, the opposite for arm-folding. No age-related differences exist in footedness or hand-clasping. Logistic regression models indicate no interaction between age and sex for each laterality measure. The four functional lateralities are significantly interrelated. All also are positively associated with leg-crossing. Conversely, the postural lateralities generally are not correlated, although leg-crossing and arm-folding are, inversely. The observed relationships among lateralities support the hypothesis that handedness, footedness, leg-crossing, and earedness might be aspects of a larger phenotype that is independent of hand-clasping and arm-folding.     

湖南苗族、侗族5项人类群体遗传学特征的调查

对湖南苗族、侗族共648例的5项人类群体遗传学特征(利眼、足趾长、起步类型、耳耵聍、指甲型)进行了调查。结果显示:1)两个民族的多数人属于右利眼、拇趾长于二趾、左起步、干型耵聍和长形指甲;2)两个民族的左利眼出现率和拇趾长于二趾的出现率高于国内多数人群;3)足趾长出现率存在明显的民族间差异;苗族利眼和方形指甲出现率均表现出明显的民族内性别差异;4)5项特征间的相关关系不明显。     

兴安盟3个民族10对性状的基因频率

调查了内蒙古兴安盟汉、蒙古、朝鲜族的10对遗传性状,并计算了各民族每一性状的基因频率,同时也进行了民族间基因频率的比较。比较结果显示:汉族－朝鲜族间差异较大,蒙古族－朝鲜族间次之,汉族－蒙古族间差异较小。 Abstract：Ten genetic traits were investigated in Han,Mongol and Chaoxian nationalities in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia.The gene frequency of the traits was calculated in each nationality and compared between the nationalities.The result indicated that the difference of gene frequency between Han and Chaoxian nationalities was significant,followed by between Mongol and Chaoxian ones,whileit was relatively insignificant between Han and Mongol ones.     

兴安盟3个民族7种不对称行为特征的研究

于1998年9月对内蒙古兴安盟的汉、蒙古、朝鲜族调查了1852例（男875例,女977例）中学生的7种不对称行为特征（利手、扣手、叠臂、叠腿、起步类型、利足、利眼）。结果显示：（1）3个民族中多数不对称行为特征的右型出现率过半。（2）扣手、叠壁、起步类型的出现率存在一定的民族间差异,而其它4种行征的出现率无此差异。（3）多数特征的出现率男女间差异不显著。（4）不对称行为特征间具有相关的数量较多,程序较高,所有存在相关的特征间均表现为同侧组合特征类型为其亲合特征。     

达翰尔族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族13项形态学研究

本文报道了内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟达翰尔族485例、鄂温克族322例、鄂伦春族100例的13项形态特征的调查结果。X^2检验结果显示,鄂温克族与鄂伦春族之间形态特征相差较远,而鄂温克族与达翰尔族之间比较相象。多数形态特征无性别差异;少数有性别差异的形态特征在3个民族中表现不一;没有一项形态特征在3个民族中均表现出有显著性别差异。13项形态特征绝大多数具族间差异。     

侗族九个红细胞血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布

报道了广西侗族的ABO、MNSs、Rhesus、Duffy、Kidd、P、Diego、Lewis和Xg等九种红细胞血型系统和ABH唾液分泌型的分布。共调查了201名父母均系侗族而彼此无血缘的学生,其中男116名,女85名。结果表明,广西侗族中ABO系统的r基因(0.6286)、MN系统的m基因(0.6294)、Duffy系统的Fy~a基因(0.9651)、Kidd系统的JK~a基因(0.4628)和Rhesus系统的CDe染色体(0.7532)等频率都很高,ABO系统的q基因(0.1672)、P系统的P_1基因(0.1333)和Lewis系统的Le~a基因(0.3232)等频率较低。MNSs系统的S基因(0.0124)频率很低,而MS染色体连锁率却为零。Xg系统的Xg~a基因频率(0.3746)与汉族和维吾尔族一样,处于低水平。Lewis系统的Le(a )表型者中发现八例是ABH唾液分泌型,但分泌的物质不是A便是B,而分泌H物质的唾液分泌型者全部都是Le(a-)型。六个民族间遗传距离分析表明,侗族与壮族在血缘上最近,其次是与朝鲜族、蒙古族、汉族相近,而与维吾尔族最远。     

中国畲族、锡伯族、壮族和藏族Penta E位点的遗传多态性

应用复合PCR扩增技术和荧光毛细管DNA自动电泳分型的方法,使用国产试剂盒,检测Penta E位点在中国畲族、锡伯族、壮族和藏族中的基因频率分布情况。获得了4个民族各约100名无关个体的Penta E位点的等位片段及基因型频率,共发现20个等位片段,其频率分布在0.0048～0.2396之间。各民族的平均杂合度为0.8838,平均个体识别力0.9748,平均非父排除率0.7635,平均多态信息总量0.8950。研究表明Penta E位点属高杂合度、高识别能力的遗传标记,是法庭科学亲子鉴定和个体识别的理想位点。      

维吾尔,哈萨克及汉三民族rRNA基因活性及随体联合的比较研究

应用核仁组织区银染技术对维吾尔、哈萨克及汉族共90人的染色体银染核仁形成区(Ag-Nucleolar Organizing Region,Ag-NOR)频率和近端着丝粒染色体随体联合频率的研究发现:维吾尔、哈萨克群体Ag-NOR及随体联合的细胞数与次数均高于汉族群体(P＜0.01),具有显著性差异。维吾尔、哈萨克群体间上述的频率无显著性差异(P＞0.05),支持了两民族遗传上的相近性。这与民族起源和过去用民族学、人类学研究结果是一致的。     

Evolution of Multilocus Genetic Structure in an Experimental Barley Population

Data from 311 selfed families isolated from four generations (F8, F13, F23, F45) of an experimental barley population were analyzed to determine patterns of change in character expression for seven quantitative traits, and in single-locus allelic frequencies, and multilocus genetic structure, for 16 Mendelian loci that code for discretely recognizable variants. The analyses showed that large changes in single-locus allelic frequencies and major reorganizations in multilocus genetic structure occurred in each of the generation-to-generation transitions examined. Although associations among a few traits persisted over generations, dynamic dissociations and reassociations occurred among several traits in each generation-transition period. Overall, the restructuring that occurred was characterized by gradual decreases in the number of clusters of associated traits and increases in the number of traits within each cluster. The observed changes in single-locus frequencies and in multilocus genetic structure were attributed to interplay among various evolutionary factors among which natural selection acting in a temporally heterogeneous environment was the guiding force.