从农艺性状和分子标记鉴定一个水稻三倍体x二倍体F2群体的遗传稳 …

一自然发生的三倍体水稻材料与二倍体杂交,在Ｆ２代获得了一个稳定群体。群体形态表现,农艺性状分析和微卫星标记三个方面的研究表明：该杂交Ｆ２群体确系两个亲本的杂交的杂交后代。在杂交后有重组发生并迅速纯合,因而在形态上和遗传上呈现稳定性。对水稻中出现的这种早代稳定现象的利用和途径发生机制进行了探讨．     

水稻同源三倍体(149-B)×二倍体F2代稳定群体的验证及分析

14 9 B是由水稻多胚苗SAR 2中筛选出来的自然发生的同源多倍体 ,体细胞鉴定为三倍体 (2n =36 )。以14 9 B做母本与水稻恢复系蜀恢 36 3(R36 3)杂交 ,在杂交F1代中发现有非整倍体和二倍体个体产生 ,其中部分二倍体的自交后代在田间农艺性状表现稳定。对这个稳定F2群体进行微卫星验证 ,结果表明 :F1和F2 群体 4 0个单株的扩增带型整齐一致 ,在各个SSR多态位点只出现一条同父或同母带 ,丢失了来自父本或母本的等位位点 ,说明该F2 群体确系由杂交得来的一个早代稳定群体。     

水稻早世代稳定718群体的获得及分析

水稻早世代稳定现象是近年来发现的一种特殊现象,其中多个早世代稳定群体是在利用来自水稻双胚苗中的多倍体与不同二倍体材料杂交得到的。本实验利用一自然突变的多倍体,与二倍体水稻太平369杂交,F1代大部分为非整倍体,其中5株为二倍体,收取这5株二倍体上的种子,种下得到F2群体且定名为718群体。该群体田间观察整齐一致,经过对田间调查数据和微卫星结果的分析,表明该群体为一早世代稳定群体。     

早世代稳定水稻的ISSR标记

2个早世代稳定亲本与4个普通水稻杂交,F2代出现了8个早世代稳定株系。遗传分析表明,稳定株系出现时杂交F1群体分离,同一组合的F2群体中既出现农艺性状整齐一致的稳定株系,又出现按孟德尔分离的株系。利用26个ISSR引物对F2稳定株系进行分子标记,结果表明稳定株系出现4种类型的标记带型：母本带型出现,父本带消失;父本带型出现,母本带消失;由双亲的部分标记带组合而成;双亲标记带型消失,而出现新的标记带型。没有出现由双亲标记带组合而成标记带型。ISSR引物900标记的2000bp标记带可以将稳定株系与普通水稻材料划分为两类群。     

水稻早世代稳定718群体的获得及分析

水稻早世代稳定现象是近年来发现的一种特殊现象,其中多个早世代稳定群体是在利用来自水稻双胚苗中的多倍体与不同二倍体材料杂交得到的。本实验利用一自然突变的多倍体,与二倍体水稻太平369杂交,F_1代大部分为非整倍体,其中5株为二倍体,收取这5株二倍体上的种子,种下得到 F_2群体且定名为718群体。该群体田间观察整齐一致,经过对田间调查数据和微卫星结果的分析,表明该群体为一早世代稳定群体。     

一个水稻显性高秆突变体的遗传分析和基因定位

从水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的两个半矮秆籼稻品种6442S-7和蜀恢881杂交F2代群体中发现一个高秆突变体D111,其株高和秆长分别比亲本蜀恢881增加63.0%和87.0%。用205个微卫星标记分析D111及其原始亲本6442S-7和蜀恢881之间的基因组DNA多态性,结果未发现D111具有2个原始亲本都没有的新带型,证明D111的确是6442S-7和蜀恢881的杂交后代发生基因突变产生的。将D111分别与蜀恢881、蜀恢527、明恢63、9311、IR68、G46B等6个半矮秆品种和高秆对照品种南京6号杂交,分析F1和F2代株高的遗传行为,结果表明D111的高秆性状由一对显性基因控制,且该基因与南京6号的高秆基因紧密连锁或等位。以蜀恢527/D111 F2群体为定位群体,运用微卫星标记将D111显性高秆突变基因定位于水稻第一染色体长臂,与RM212、RM302和RM472的遗传距离分别是27.7 cM、25.5 cM和6.0 cM,该基因暂命名为LC(t)。认为D111是首例从半矮秆品种自然突变产生的水稻显性高秆突变体,LC(t)为首次定位的水稻显性高秆突变基因。此外,将上述基因定位结果与Causse等(1994)和Temnykh等(2000; 2001)发表的水稻分子连锁图谱进行比较,发现LC(t)基因恰巧位于与水稻“绿色革命基因”sd1相同或十分相近的染色体区域,因此,还就LC(t)基因与sd1基因之间的可能关系进行了讨论。     

一个水稻显性高秆突变体的遗传分析和基因定位

从水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的两个半矮秆籼稻品种6442S-7和蜀恢881杂交F2代群体中发现一个高秆突变体D111,其株高和秆长分别比亲本蜀恢881增加63.0%和87.0%.用205个微卫星标记分析D¨1及其原始亲本6442S-7和蜀恢881之间的基因组DNA多态性,结果未发现D111具有2个原始亲本都没有的新带型,证明D1¨的确是6442S-7和蜀恢881的杂交后代发生基因突变产生的.将D111分别与蜀恢881、蜀恢527、明恢63、9311、IR68、G46B等6个半矮秆品种和高秆对照品种南京6号杂交,分析F1和F2代株高的遗传行为,结果表明D1¨的高秆性状由一对显性基因控制,且该基因与南京6号的高秆基因紧密连锁或等位.以蜀恢527/D111 F2群体为定位群体,运用微卫星标记将D111显性高秆突变基因定位于水稻第一染色体长臂,与RM212、RM302和RM472的遗传距离分别是27.7 cM、25.5 cM和6.0 cM,该基因暂命名为LC(t).认为D111是首例从半矮秆品种自然突变产生的水稻显性高秆突变体,LC(t)为首次定位的水稻显性高秆突变基因.此外,将上述基因定位结果与Causse等(1994)和Temnykh等(2000,2001)发表的水稻分子连锁图谱进行比较,发现LC(t)基因恰巧位于与水稻"绿色革命基因"sd1相同或十分相近的染色体区域,因此,还就LC(t)基因与sd1基因之间的可能关系进行了讨论.     

草鱼野生与选育群体线粒体DNA控制区D-loop遗传变异分析

为探究经过2个选育世代后选育群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的变化, 研究对4个野生群体(邗江、九江、石首和吴江)和2个选育世代(F1和F2)进行了线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)序列的遗传变异分析。实验结果表明, 4个野生群体在单倍型数目(H)、单倍型多样性(H_d)、核苷酸多样性(π)、平均核苷酸差异数(K)水平上均高于2个选育世代, 在2个选育世代内表现为F1代群体的核苷酸多样性(π)和平均核苷酸差异数(K)大于F2代群体, 但单倍型多样性(H_d)小于F2代群体; 单倍型分析结果表明, 6个群体间无共享单倍型, 4个野生群体间共发现2种共享单倍型(Hap1和Hap3), 石首群体和2个选育世代共享1种单倍型(Hap15); 遗传分化指数(F_st)分析结果表明, 邗江、九江、吴江3个野生群体和2个选育世代间存在较大的遗传分化(F_st范围为0.41475—0.55128), 石首群体与F1代群体之间存在较小的遗传分化, 与F2代群体之间存在中等水平的遗传分化, 同时F1代群体与F2代群体之间存在较小的遗传分化; 基于6个群体276个个体构建的邻接(Neighbor-Joining, NJ)进化树和基于27种单倍型构建的单倍型网络图也得到了相似的结论, 即邗江、九江、吴江3个野生群体和2个选育世代间的亲缘关系较远, 石首群体和2个选育世代两两之间的亲缘关系较近。以上结果表明, 经过2个世代的选择育种, 选育群体的遗传结构已发生了变化, 并且随着选育的进行, 选育世代的遗传多样性下降的较为明显, 这警示着我们在今后的育种工作中应适当改变现有的选育方案, 并实时监测选育群体的遗传多样性, 以便为今后进一步的选育工作打下坚实的基础。     

水稻籼粳交F2、F6群体遗传连锁图谱的比较分析

以部分基因组和全基因组测序水稻籼稻(O sativa L. indica)品种“培矮64S”(Pei’ai 64S♀)和粳稻(O sativa L. japonica)品种“日本晴”(Nipponbare♂)为构图亲本, 选取F2代180个株系为作图群体, 构建含138个微卫星位点的水稻遗传连锁图谱, 覆盖基因组2 046.2 cM, 平均图距17.1 cM, 即F2 图谱; 采用单粒传法获得F2:6 代330个株系, 用相同的多态性标记分析F6群体, 构建含92个标记连锁图谱, 覆盖基因组2 563.5 cM, 平均图距27.86 cM, 即F6图谱; F2、F6图谱在连锁群数、定位标记数、标记的位置顺序、遗传图距、平均图距等方面发生了较大变化, 并对产生这些差异的原因进行了初步分析。     

转反义蜡质基因‘湘晴’及其杂交稻米的直链淀粉含量研究

利用根癌农杆菌介导将反义蜡质基因(anti-Waxy)导入三系恢复系湘晴水稻获得转基因植株.从T1代外源基因呈单拷贝整合的转基因湘晴水稻中选取3个稻米直链淀粉含量降低较明显的单株继续种植得到纯合后代.以纯合转基因植株及湘晴水稻(对照)为恢复系分别与寒丰不育系杂交,获得4组杂交稻后代(F2).3个T3代纯合转基因湘晴水稻糙米(T4)直链淀粉含量分别为14.42%、13.96%和14.72%,对照为16.04%;3组由转基因湘晴水稻为父本杂交制种后代(F2)糙米直链淀粉含量分别为14.53%、13.77%和14.64%,对照杂交稻(F2)为16.22%.研究表明,导入湘晴水稻中的反义蜡质基因不仅能够降低湘晴稻米直链淀粉含量,还能够进一步抑制杂交后代的稻米直链淀粉合成.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.