鄂尔多斯桃力庙—阿拉善湾海子湿地鸟类群落研究与湿地生境评估

近年来的野外工作结果表明,桃力庙－阿拉善湾海子（以下简称桃－阿海子）对于遗鸥鄂尔多斯种群的生存具有特别重要意义,出现了那里的湿地鸟类集中地反映了鄂尔多斯漠型地鸟类群落的特点;鉴于我国于１９９２年７月已成为《具国际重要意义特点是作为水禽栖息地的湿地公约》（简称《拉姆萨公约》）的缔约国。本项研究比照《公约》所推荐的评判标准对桃－阿海子作了评估,提高该地点依据《公约》标准应被列入《国际重要湿地名录》。     

遗鸥鄂尔多斯种群研究的最新报道

野外工作结果表明,1993年遗鸥鄂尔多斯种群繁殖群体的数量达到90年代以来的最高值,共计1510余巢;同时桃力庙- 阿拉善湾海子对于遗鸥鄂尔多斯种群的生存具有特别重要的意义,且出现于那里的湿地鸟类集中地反映了鄂尔多斯高原荒漠型湿地鸟类群落的特点,依据《拉姆萨公约》所推荐的评判标准应考虑将该地点列入《国际重要湿地名录》。     

关于湿地植物

技术图对生物圈的冲击明显表现于森林砍伐和草原开垦。湿地（weiland）则成为人类经济开发“沙海”中“漏网”的绿洲。然而,人口与人之物欲的恶性膨胀遂使这块多样物种的最后“伊甸园”受到威胁。基于上述,1971年子里海南岸的伊朗北部一个城市拉姆萨尔（Ramsar）缔结了《国际重要湿地,特别是水禽栖息地公约》。至1990年其缔约国已达61个。中国于1992年加入公约,并有6块湿地被载入帼际重要湿地名录》,其中便有江西的邵阳湖湿地。中国关于湿地的研究起步较晚,但步伐很快。在‘冲国湿地研究中心”的组织下人中国湿地》和有关各地湿地的…     

遗鸥繁殖生境选择及其繁殖地湿地鸟类群落研究

本文就遗鸥(Larus relictus)在内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原对其繁殖生境的选择和该生境下所出现的湿地鸟类种类、数量、居留习性等作了记述,并对该地湿地鸟类的区系成份、生境类型与种的生态分布及数量配比关系、伴生种问题及东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)在鄂尔多斯的发现等作了分析和探讨。     

湿地生物多样性的摇篮——三江平原

<正>在我国的东北角,奔腾着三条不息的河流——黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江,它们哺育的这片神奇的黑土地,滋养的这块神秘的泽国,就是闻名世界的三江平原。三江平原是我国湿地面积最大、最集中的分布区,生物多样性十分丰富,是《中国生物多样性保护行动计划》和《中国湿地保护行动计划》列出的优先地区和具有国际意义的地区,也是亚洲和世界的重要湿地。这里不仅成为许多珍稀濒危动物的重要栖息地、繁殖地,也是东北亚鸟类迁徙的重要通道,还是重要的湿地物种基因库和种质     

阜阳市重要湿地夏季鸟类多样性研究

为了掌握阜阳市重要湿地的鸟类资源,2011年7月-2011年9月,采用样带法对阜阳市4个重点湿地的夏季鸟类资源进行了调查。调查共记录阜阳市重要湿地鸟类11目25科43种,雀形目鸟类种数最多,共19种,占全部种类数的44.1%。东洋界、古北界和两界广布种分别占繁殖鸟种数的39.5%、34.8%、25.6%;湿地水鸟21种,占全部鸟类的47.8%;湿地鸟类群落的优势种为家燕、烟腹毛脚燕和灰椋鸟。八里河省级湿地自然保护区鸟类种数最多(N=30),多样性指数最高(H=2.49);4个湿地之间鸟类相似性系数均较高。鸟类多样性指数、鸟类种都与湿地面积呈显著正相关(多样性r=0.985,P=0.015;鸟种r=0.974,P=0.026)。从鸟类多样性保护考虑,湿地保护区和湿地公园的建设和管理应向保持湿地面积、增加植被复杂性发展。     

雷州半岛红树林湿地鸟类多样性

从2000年5月-2003年11月,调查了雷州半岛红树林湿地鸟类.共记录鸟类133种,水鸟和迁徙鸟分别占总记录鸟类数量的81.7%和70.4%.分别有9种、2种、16种和12种鸟被列为中国红皮书保护种、IUCN保护种、CITES保护种和中国国家Ⅱ级保护种;还有63种被列为中日候鸟协定保护种、32种被列为中澳候鸟协定保护种.不同调查地点,鸟类的种类和数量相差较大,高桥鸟类最丰富,记录到83种鸟;五里鸟类种类最少,仅记录到40种鸟,各地鸟类种的相似性很低.环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)、白腰杓鹬(Numenius arquata)和红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus)在雷州半岛的种群数量达到国际重要湿地的标准.雷州半岛鸟类种的丰度和多度季节变化明显,冬季种类多、数量丰富,夏季种类少、数量贫乏.冬季和夏季总的鸟类数量(P=0.043)和水鸟数量(P=0.001)差异明显.保护整个沿海红树林湿地是保护雷州半岛红树林湿地鸟类多样性的关键.     

内蒙古伊金霍洛旗红海子湿地公园鸟类种类组成及生态分布

2012年10月—2013年9月,对红海子湿地公园鸟类资源进行调查。结果表明:共发现鸟类116种,隶属于16目36科,其中,夏候鸟49种,冬候鸟9种,留鸟24种,旅鸟34种;鸟类种类和数量有所增加;依据地形地貌和植被类型,在调查区选择了湿地、林地、草地和居民区4种生境,其中,湿地鸟类多样性指数(3.042)和均匀度指数(0.687)最高,居民区多样性指数(0.599)和均匀度指数(0.227)最低,优势度指数湿地最低(0.079),居民区最高(0.766),相似性指数林地和草地最高(0.667),湿地和居民区最低(0.204);本文对该湿地主要优势鸟种与环境的关系、湿地鸟类种类和数量较前几年增加的原因进行了分析,推测出水质变化可能是导致鸟类疾病发生和死亡的原因。     

乌鲁木齐市白湖湿地鸟类组成及分布

白湖湿地位于乌鲁木齐市西郊,是濒危物种白头硬尾鸭Oxyura leucocephala在国内的重要繁殖地。为了更好地保护该物种,于2007—2014年对白湖湿地的鸟类组成进行了调查,并对白头硬尾鸭的生物学特征进行了观察。结果显示,在研究区域共记录到鸟类137种,分属于14目36科89属,约占新疆鸟类总数的30%。居留型以旅鸟(58种,占42.33%)和夏候鸟(48种,占35.04%)为主,留鸟(17种,占12.41%)和冬候鸟(14种,占10.22%)比例较低,白湖湿地是鸟类迁徙的重要驿站和鸟类繁殖的重要栖息地。通过计算G-F指数发现,白湖湿地鸟类在科、属水平上的多样性较为丰富(DG=4.31,DF=22.57,DG-F=0.81)。白头硬尾鸭每年5月中旬迁徙至白湖湿地,10月中旬飞离,峰值数量最多可达45只。但调查发现,随着城市化进程不断推进,白湖湿地受到的人为干扰不断扩大,正导致这一鸟类栖息地环境严重恶化。     

海南东寨港红树林湿地鸟类多样性研究

红树林湿地是全球湿地生态系统中的重要组成部分,湿地鸟类是湿地价值的重要指标[14].东寨港是我国红树林面积最大、种类最多、生长最好的地区之一[10],广阔的滩涂成为许多鸟类的觅食地和越冬点,每年春季和冬季都有许多迁徙鸟类在此觅食和越冬.红树林湿地鸟类的研究国内外都有一些报道[2,3,5,6,8,11,13],但正如Lefebvre所说"我们对红树林鸟类群落的认识主要局限于鸟类物种的编目"[13].对东寨港红树林鸟类研究,20世纪60～70年代有学者做过一些采集及考察工作[1,7,9],80年代和90年代初也有学者进行过一些调查[5,12],但大多数都是在东寨港作短暂的停留,记录的物种数很少、调查的结果也有局限性.1997～1998年我们对海南东寨港红树林湿地的鸟类进行了调查,这对未来东寨港鸟类的监测、湿地的保护及生态管理有重要意义.     

The Taolimiao-Alashan Nur:its Wetland Bird Community and the Wetland Habitat Assessment

1IntroductionStudiesonbirdsinOrdoswereinitiatedintheprojectofinvestigationontheavifaunaofInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion.On29thApril1987,skinsofapairofgullswerecol-lectedatasmalllakenotfarfromthe'Ikolimiao-AlashanNur,towhichitwaslateron,bykindhelpofDr.MartinWilliams,identifiedastheRelictGull(Larusrelictus)(Duffetal.[991).InMayof1990,alargebreedingcolonyoftheRelictGullwasfoundattheT-ANut,thenregularfieldobservationsonthegullandonotherwetlandbirdsaroundthelakewerehencestartedand,during199…     

东洞庭湖湿地鸟类群落结构及其多样性

2004年5月—2007年2月对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录鸟类297种,隶属17目52科150属,其中古北界鸟类144种(另新北界鸟类2种),东洋界鸟类92种,广布种鸟类59种。冬候鸟或旅鸟166种,留鸟81种,夏候鸟50种。该湿地有国家I级重点保护鸟类7种、II级重点保护鸟类40种,国际湿地公约名录中的鸟类34种。东洞庭湖水禽资源尤为丰富,其种类和数量具明显季节性变化,全年水鸟种类和数量均是冬季较多,夏季较少。东洞庭湖生境多样化程度较高,退田还湖后湖面扩大、食源充足,鸟类的多样性指数(4.40)较高,远高于省内陆地环境和国内的湿地;但均匀性指数(0.54)均较其低,这与湿地环境及东洞庭湖湿地鸟类受到人类因素的干扰有关。     

Classification and inventory of wetlands: A global overview

Classification of wetlands is extremely problematical, definition of the term wetland being a difficult and controversial starting point. Although considerable effort has gone into the development of national and regional wetland classifications, the only attempt at establishing a global system has been under the auspices of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance. In view of the fact that the Ramsar Convention has 70 Contracting Parties world-wide, it is suggested that the Convention's definition and classification system should be adopted generally for international purposes. Much of the world has been covered by preliminary wetland inventories, but there is an urgent need to extend coverage to those areas not yet included. It is essential that all inventory projects give adequate attention to meeting the real information needs of agencies and individuals which have an impact on the conservation and wise use of wetlands. Attention should also be given to providing for wide dissemination and regular updating of information and establishment of procedures for monitoring ecological change at the sites identified.     

孤立湿地研究进展

孤立湿地作为湿地的重要组成部分,在人类社会发展中作用逐渐凸显。对术语"孤立湿地"的定义国外进行较早,美国官方将孤立湿地定义为与可流动水体不相邻或不通过地表水相联系的湿地,而我国仅提出了与孤立湿地相关的概念,如"环型湿地"、"碟型洼地"、湿地的"景观破碎化"等。孤立湿地的类型与特征研究相对较少,没有形成完整的理论体系,仅提出孤立性、水文连通性、生物连通性等特征。孤立湿地的功能研究是孤立湿地研究的重点,从孤立湿地的气候、水文和水质、生境等功能进行阐述。对于孤立湿地的保护,国外已有明确的法律和相应的措施,而我国在此方面需要进一步完善。通过对孤立湿地的定义、类型、特征、功能和保护进行了综述,并对未来我国孤立湿地研究的热点和方向进行了初步展望。     

Planning for the recovery of Lake Toolibin,Western Australia

Lake Toolibin, an intermittently flooded freshwater wetland in the southwest of Western Australia, is threatened by salinization due to extensive clearing within its catchment. The lake is a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention because of the extensive stands of trees on the lake bed and its significance as a waterbird breeding site. Past research and monitoring have identified the causes of wetland vegetation and water quality decline and this information has been used to design a Recovery Plan for the lake. The plan is currently in the early stages of implementation and includes both short-term engineering measures to reduce salinity within the lake and long-term rehabilitation measures within the catchment. Community involvement in the recovery process is an integral part of the plan and ensures that recovery of the lake remains as the focus for ongoing catchment rehabilitation.     

A geomorphic approach to global classification for natural inland wetlands and rationalization of the system used by the Ramsar Convention – a discussion

Globally, the most widely used wetland classification is that adopted by the contracting parties of the Ramsar Convention, which is the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat. A review of the Inland Wetland component of this system shows that mixed criteria are used to separate the wetlands, and that not all natural inland wetlands have been addressed. A classification system using landform and hydro-period, which results in 13 primary geomorphically non-emergent types for natural wetlands, is proposed to describe the full variety of wetlands at a primary level around the globe, and is suggested to be incorporated as the first-tier of the Ramsar classification.The proposed classification has been designed so wetlands can be described, classified and compared systematically. This paper attempts to reconcile the Ramsar Classification system with the proposed approach. The intention in this paper is not to displace the Ramsar Classification, but rather to indicate its inherent underlying geomorphic structure, and hence re-order its hierarchical framework. This adjustment to the existing classification system would highlight underlying similarities between wetlands so that global comparisons can be more readily made. It also has considerable advantages for a staged, systematic discrimination and classification of the vast array of differing wetlands globally.The use of geomorphic and hydrologic elements as the primary and secondary divisions with the more commonly used Ramsar Classification terms as a tertiary division, provides a logical structure to compare and contrast wetlands globally.     

长江河口典型湿地碳库动态研究方法

湿地生态系统在维持碳平衡和全球气候调节中起着重要作用。长江河口湿地生态系统是国际公认的生态过程敏感区,选择长江河口典型湿地——崇明东滩作为长期碳循环观测和实验模拟的研究对象,针对长江河口湿地生态系统碳库动态研究具体的科学问题,从"土壤-植被-大气"连续体(SPAC)碳流过程监测、涡度相关法碳通量监测、植物生长控制实验(开顶式气候室,OTC)、"湿地碳循环-气候变化"生态过程模型构建、多方数据源校正等方面,总结了全球气候变化条件下长江河口湿地碳库动态的研究方法。旨在了解长江河口湿地生态系统碳库动态特征,探寻湿地碳平衡的主导控制因子,评估中国东部沿海湿地碳库对全球气候变化的响应。进而为提出长江河口湿地碳储备功能的保育策略提供理论依据。     

Carbon budgets of wetland ecosystems in China

Wetlands contain a large proportion of carbon (C) in the biosphere and partly affect climate by regulating C cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. China contains Asia's largest wetlands, accounting for about 10% of the global wetland area. Although previous studies attempted to estimate C budget in China's wetlands, uncertainties remain. We conducted a synthesis to estimate C uptake and emission of wetland ecosystems in China using a dataset compiled from published literature. The dataset comprised 193 studies, including 370 sites representing coastal, river, lake and marsh wetlands across China. In addition, C stocks of different wetlands in China were estimated using unbiased data from the China Second Wetlands Survey. The results showed that China's wetlands sequestered 16.87 Pg C (315.76 Mg C/ha), accounting for about 3.8% of C stocks in global wetlands. Net ecosystem productivity, jointly determined by gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration, exhibited annual C sequestration of 120.23 Tg C. China's wetlands had a total gaseous C loss of 173.20 Tg C per year from soils, including 154.26 Tg CO₂‐C and 18.94 Tg CH₄‐C emissions. Moreover, C stocks, uptakes and gaseous losses varied with wetland types, and were affected by geographic location and climatic factors (precipitation and temperature). Our results provide better estimation of the C budget in China's wetlands and improve understanding of their contribution to the global C cycle in the context of global climate change.