金双歧辅助治疗小儿扁桃体炎的临床研究

目的探讨金双歧(双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片)辅助治疗小儿扁桃体炎的疗效及安全性。方法纳入2013年1月至2014年7月在崇州市人民医院儿科住院诊断为扁桃体炎患儿337例,用随机数字表随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组在常规给予抗生素和对症治疗的基础上,给予金双歧口服辅助治疗,出院后继续服用4周;对照组常规给予抗生素和对症治疗。观察并比较两组患儿的临床效果,住院期间发生抗生素相关性腹泻的差异。出院后3个月内定期随访,观察两组患儿出院后3个月内发生呼吸道感染和肠道感染的差异。结果试验组治疗后总有效率为98.00%,对照组治疗后总有效率为93.33%。试验组总有效率明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.940,P=0.0470.05)。住院期间试验组抗生素相关性腹泻发生率为8.67%,对照组为19.33%,差异有统计学意义(t=7.087,P=0.0080.01)。出院后3个月内呼吸道感染以及肠道感染的发生率试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(1个月肠道感染χ2=4.624,呼吸道感染χ2=8.549;2个月肠道感染χ2=5.684,呼吸道感染χ2=11.712;3个月肠道感染χ2=7.545,呼吸道感染χ2=4.559,P0.05)。试验组服用金双歧期间,未见明显药物相关不良反应。结论金双歧辅助治疗小儿扁桃体炎可提高临床疗效,降低抗生素相关性腹泻的发生率,降低扁桃体炎患儿出院3个月内呼吸道和肠道感染的发生率,且服用安全。     

抗菌药物不同给药途径对金双歧预防抗生素相关性腹泻的影响研究

目的研究抗菌药物不同给药途径对金双歧预防急性化脓性扁桃体炎患儿抗生素相关性腹泻的影响,为临床合理利用金双歧辅助治疗提供依据。方法选取崇州市人民医院2013年1月至2014年7月开展的"金双歧辅助治疗儿童扁桃体炎的疗效研究"科研项目中试验组患儿85例,观察其在住院期间(静脉使用抗菌药物期间)和出院后期间(口服抗菌药物期间)抗生素相关性腹泻的发生,两期间均口服金双歧预防抗生素相关性腹泻。结果静脉使用抗菌药物期间8例患儿发生抗生素相关性腹泻,发生率为9.41%;口服抗菌药物期间1例患儿发生抗生素相关性腹泻,发生率为1.18%。两期间比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=5.749,P=0.016)。结论静脉使用抗菌药物比口服抗菌药物对金双歧的抑制和杀灭作用影响大,使金双歧预防继发性腹泻的能力减弱或消失。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌联合乳果糖对儿童功能性便秘的疗效

目的观察双歧杆菌三联活菌(金双歧)联合乳果糖口服液治疗儿童功能性便秘的临床疗效。探索临床治疗儿童功能性便秘的良好方法。方法选择我院2015年1月至2017年12月收治的110例功能性便秘患儿为研究对象,随机分为治疗组(58例)和对照组(52例)。两组患儿均予以基础治疗,对照组患儿给予乳果糖口服液治疗,治疗组患儿给予金双歧联合乳果糖口服液治疗,比较两组患儿疗效及不良反应。结果治疗组和对照组患儿治疗总有效率分别为91.4%和76.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.385 0,P=0.036 2)。治疗组患儿不良反应发生率为3.4%,对照组为11.5%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=5.153 0,P=0.272 0)。随访1年后,治疗组患儿远期复发率低于对照组。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌联合乳果糖口服液对儿童功能性便的疗效优于单用乳果糖口服液,患儿远期复发少,值得临床推广。     

金双歧治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻疗效观察

目的观察和评价金双歧(双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片)治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的临床疗效。方法将160例婴幼儿病毒性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组100例,服用金双歧片,对照组60例,服用蒙脱石散治疗,观察疗效和不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为92%,对照组总有效率为75%,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论金双歧治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻疗效显著,且未见不良反应。     

酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊和羧甲淀粉钠联用对反复呼吸道感染患儿的免疫调节作用

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊(商品名:阿泰宁)和羧甲淀粉钠联用对反复呼吸道感染患儿的临床疗效和对其血清免疫球蛋白水平的调节作用。方法将120例反复呼吸道感染患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组均常规治疗(抗感染、退热、止咳、平喘、祛痰),对照组给予羧甲淀粉钠口服液,治疗组联合给予酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊,420mg/次,3次/d,疗程3个月,治疗后,均随访1年。观察两组治疗前后血清免疫球蛋白水平和随访呼吸道感染反复情况。结果治疗后治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为93.3%和73.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组呼吸道感染次数减少,显著低于对照组(P0.01);治疗后,两组血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)显著高于治疗前(P0.001),治疗组IgA、IgG显著高于对照组(P0.001)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊和羧甲淀粉钠联用能提高治疗效果和免疫球蛋白水平,降低呼吸道感染次数。     

金双歧对先天性巨结肠患儿术后炎症因子水平及肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨金双歧对先天性巨结肠患儿术后炎症因子水平及肠道微生态的影响。方法选取2014年3月-2019年3月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院收治的60例行先天性巨结肠手术的患儿为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各30例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予金双歧治疗。比较两组患儿治疗后胃肠功能恢复指标、治疗前后血清炎症因子水平、治疗前后肠道微生态结构及复杂度、药物不良反应及并发症情况。结果治疗后观察组患儿肠鸣音恢复时间及肛门排气时间均显著短于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗前两组患儿的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平相近(均P>0.05),治疗后两组患儿的血清TNF-α、IL-8、hs-CRP水平较治疗前均显著降低(均P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿肠道微生物属水平相对丰度均较治疗前改善(均P<0.05),且治疗后观察组双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属、乳球菌属、拟杆菌属相对丰度高于对照组(均P<0.05),链球菌属、葡萄球菌属、梭菌属、沙门菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、瓦氏菌属、其他属相对丰度均低于对照组(均P<0.05),治疗后两组肠道微生态Chao1指数及Shannon指数均升高(均P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(均P<0.05);两组治疗期间的药物不良反应发生率及并发症发生率均相近(均P>0.05)。结论先天性巨结肠患儿术后服用金双歧有助于胃肠功能恢复,减轻炎症反应,改善肠道微生态结构及复杂度,安全性好。     

基于微信平台延续护理在视网膜脱离术后患者中的应用

目的探讨基于微信平台延续护理在视网膜脱离术后患者康复中的应用效果。方法将98例视网膜脱离手术患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各49例,对照组按常规延续护理进行出院指导和电话随访,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于微信平台延续护理。随访3个月后,比较两组患者的治疗依从性、术后并发症发生率及护理满意度情况。结果干预3个月后,观察组患者的治疗依从性、护理满意度均明显高于对照组,且术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论采用微信平台的延续护理可提高患者的治疗依从性,降低并发症,且能满足患者院后的健康需求,护理效果满意。     

金双歧预防新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的效果探讨

目的比较金双歧、妈咪爱预防新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的效果。方法将我院新生儿科2012年7月至2014年6月两年间收治的新生儿随机分为金双歧组、妈咪爱组、对照组。将颅内出血Ⅲ-Ⅳ级、严重先天性疾病的患儿排除。金双歧组给予金双歧口服或鼻饲0.5 g tid,妈咪爱组给予妈咪爱口服或鼻饲1.0 g bid,对照组给予生理盐水口服或鼻饲1.0 mL bid,观察各组NEC发生率。结果金双歧组170例,发生NEC 4例,发生率为2.35%;妈咪爱组160例,发生NEC 10例,发生率为6.25%;对照组150例,发生NEC 20例,发生率为13.33%。结论口服益生菌对预防新生儿NEC有显著作用,可以降低其发病率。金双歧、妈咪爱对预防新生儿NEC差异无统计学意义,但金双歧组的发病率更低,秩和值更低。推荐临床上尽早使用金双歧预防NEC的发生。     

金双歧联合四君子合剂治疗婴幼儿厌食症疗效观察

目的 观察金双歧联合四君子合剂治疗小儿厌食症临床疗效.方法 将108例患儿按简单随机抽样法分为治疗组56例和对照组52例,两组均予口服金双歧治疗,治疗组联合四君子合剂治疗,观察两组患儿服药后食欲改善情况.连续治疗6周后,对两组疗效进行对比.结果 治疗组总有效率为92.1％;对照组总有效率为59.6％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 金双歧联合四君子合剂治疗小儿厌食症疗效显著,且安全无不良反应,值得临床推广应用.     

老年冠心病护理健康教育对策及应用效果分析

目的：分析老年冠心病患者的护理健康教育需求,并给予有效护理干预方法,分析其临床效应。方法：选取本院治疗的80例老年冠心病患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各40例,入院后给予健康教育知识评估,对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组针对健康知识评估给予护理干预。随访3个月,比较两组患者护理后健康知识的掌握及实际临床效果。结果：①住院期间,观察组对冠心病知识的掌握情况,服药依从性均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。②出院3个月后,观察组体重指数、甘油三酯、血压改善情况明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：针对性护理教育提高了患者治疗依从性,各项临床指标得到了改善,是治疗冠心病的有效补充。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.