应用光合色素研究广西钦州湾丰水期浮游植物群落结构

通过2010年6月现场航次19个站点的调查,应用反相高效液相色谱(RP - HPLC) 并结合二极管阵列检测器分析技术,分析了丰水期广西钦州湾浮游植物光合色素组成,进而由CHEMTAX 软件估算全粒级浮游植物的群落结构。结果表明,钦州湾浮游植物光合色素含量以叶绿素a最高,其次为岩藻黄素;浮游植物的优势类群为硅藻,其次为蓝藻和青绿藻,它们分别平均占据了浮游植物生物量的70.2%、12.6%和9.4%,而其它藻类除了绿藻茅岭江河口占据较高的比例(40.2%)之外在其它站点所占比例很低。钦州湾浮游植物群落结构形成了茅岭江口、内湾、外湾和湾外近海共四种类型,茅岭江口以绿藻为优势类群,内湾以硅藻、蓝藻和青绿藻为主要优势类群,外湾以硅藻为单一优势类群,湾外相对于外湾硅藻比重略为下降。主要光合色素含量及浮游植物类群生物量的分布特征与盐度、营养盐关系密切,浮游植物群落结构的分布变化主要受径流及其输入导致的营养盐变化的影响,而这种影响导致了内湾和外湾之间浮游植物主要类群的生物量多寡及浮游植物群落结构的差异。     

2012年夏季挪威海和格陵兰海浮游植物群落结构的色素表征

对2012年中国第5次北极科学考察期间的挪威海和格陵兰海两个断面的光合色素进行了高效液相色谱（HPLC）分级分析,通过藻类色素化学分类分析软件（CHEMTAX）获得了不同浮游植物类群对叶绿素a的贡献,进而得到该海域表层和次表层（30 m）的浮游植物群落结构。结果表明：表层总叶绿素a的浓度为23.59 ng/L,低于次表层的30.38 ng/L,其中浮游植物根据粒径划分对总叶绿素a的贡献由高到低依次是微型浮游植物、小型浮游植物和微微型浮游植物。该海域同时存在葱绿叶绿素（Prasino）、墨角藻黄素（Fuco）、别藻黄素（Allo）、多甲藻素（Perid）、玉米黄素（Zea）、19-丁墨甲藻黄素（19’BF）和19-六已墨甲藻黄素（19’HF）等色素,其浓度和分布与温盐和营养盐等环境因子存在一定的相关性。不同粒径浮游植物色素组成显示,微微型浮游植物群落中以S型定鞭藻（28%）、N型定鞭藻（21%）、硅藻（18%）和青绿藻（12%）占优;微型浮游植物群落的优势类群为S型定鞭藻（53%）、N型定鞭藻（20%）和硅藻（12%）;而小型浮游植物群落主要为硅藻（63%）和甲藻（17%）。     

钦州湾春、夏季浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了探究人类活动对钦州湾浮游植物群落的影响,分别于2013年3月和7月进行了两航次综合调查。采用聚类和典型对应分析法,分别对浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明春夏两季浮游植物共有3门45属115种,其中硅藻100种、甲藻14种、蓝藻1种。两季浮游植物生态类群分别以暖温带广布种和暖温带近岸种为主,季节性差异明显。典型对应分析表明,影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子是悬浮物、pH、盐度和营养盐。受入海径流和外来水团等因子影响,钦州湾浮游植物群落在夏季更易聚为相似性群落,春季则呈斑块化分布。     

武汉东湖光合色素与叶绿素a代谢产物的HPLC研究

用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法研究了武汉东湖周年及围隔实验水柱颗粒物色素的组成及变化。共检测到约20种色素,类胡萝卜素含量较高的有硅藻的标志色素岩藻黄素,隐藻的异黄素,蓝绿藻的黄体素,玉米黄素及胡萝卜素。东湖叶绿素a的代谢产物主要为脱植基叶绿素a(全湖年均约占叶绿素a的5%）,而非脱镁叶绿素a或脱镁叶绿酸a。围隔实验结果表明：叶绿素a与总浮游植物（r=0.84)。叶绿素b与绿藻（r=0.77)。岩藻黄素与硅藻（r=0.68),异黄素与隐藻生物量（r=0.83)之间具显著的相关性。表明用HPLC分析色素快速,简捷,是研究浮游植物群落组成及动态变化的有力辅助工具。     

博斯腾湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因子分析

2011年对博斯腾湖大湖区17个采样站位的浮游植物及水体主要理化因子进行了4次系统调查。结果表明, 在17个站位共鉴定出浮游植物127种（属）, 其中优势种（属）9种。浮游植物群落全年均以硅藻为主导, 冬、春季节, 浮游植物组成呈硅藻-甲藻型, 优势类群主要为贫-中营养型浮游藻类, 到夏、秋季节逐渐形成硅藻-绿藻型, 以富营养型的浮游藻类为优势类群。浮游植物总平均生物量为（2.512.95） mg/L, 生物量季节变动显著, 峰值出现在夏季, 冬季最低。基于Canoco的多变量分析表明: 环境变量共解释了浮游植物群落总变异的54.5%, 水温是影响浮游植物分布最重要的环境因子, 其次为枝角类丰度。水中氮含量是影响浮游植物丰度的主要因子, 同时浮游植物对水体有机物含量也有较大的影响。       

南亚热带大型贫营养水库浮游植物群落结构与季节变化——以新丰江水库为例

新丰江水库是我国第四大的水库,也是广东省最大的水库和重要的水源地。于2004～2005年2月一次调查了新丰江水库水文、水质和浮游植物分布,分析了浮游植物群落季节动态特征。新丰江水库浮游植物生物量比较低,在0．037—1．497mg·L^-1之间变化。浮游植物种类较多,11次采样共检到158种。在丰度上,水库浮游植物主要以小环藻、蓝纤维藻、小球藻和纤维藻等优势种为主,而在生物量上则以微小多甲藻为优势。浮游植物组成随季节变化而不同,春季以硅藻、甲藻和绿藻为优势类群;夏季以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为优势类群;秋季蓝、绿藻减少而硅藻和甲藻增加。2004年的浮游植物季节性变化更为明显,有从硅藻-绿藻优势（2月和4月份）,到蓝藻-绿藻优势（6月和8月份）,到混合优势（10月份）和金藻优势（12月份）这样一个变化过程。2005年硅藻的相对丰度比2004年高出很多。两年浮游植物组成的差异与两年的降水量有关。水动力学对丰水期（6～8月份）浮游植物组成结构有较大影响,导致硅藻和绿藻相对丰度的增加。与温带贫营养型水库相比,新丰江水库的浮游植物群落具有春季和秋季种类多、夏季的蓝藻种类丰富的特点。从细胞大小分布上看,小于20μm浮游植物是生物量的主要贡献者,其次是大于45μm的浮游植物。在粒径小于20μm的浮游植物中,微小多甲藻是最主要的贡献者。浮游植物群落的大小分布受水动力学条件和营养盐浓度动态的影响。     

太湖金墅湾水源地浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

利用典范相关分析方法(CCA),对太湖金墅湾水源地水体浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系进行了研究.共鉴定浮游植物7门58属,群落组成以蓝藻、硅藻和绿藻为主;夏季浮游植物的种类和数量均较多,平均密度为250×104ind.L-1,略高于春季(238×104ind.L-1).春、夏2季浮游植物群落结构差异较大,春季以蓝藻为最优势门类、鱼腥藻为最优势类群;夏季以绿藻为最优势门类,无最优势类群,但平裂面藻和栅藻在数量上较占优势.除受季节温度影响外,春季影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子依次为铵态氮、总磷、总氮和磷酸盐,而总氮、铵态氮、磷酸盐、悬浮物、高等水生植物、总磷和透明度对夏季浮游植物分布的影响较大.     

三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物群落时空动态研究

于20122013 年对三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物组成、优势种、密度、生物量及多样性进行了周年季度调查, 共鉴定浮游植物151 种属, 其中绿藻门71 种, 硅藻门47 种, 蓝藻门20 种, 隐藻门和甲藻门各4 种,裸藻门和金藻门各2 种, 黄藻门1 种。浮游植物优势种的季节更替明显, 夏季和秋季优势种类为硅藻和绿藻,冬季为硅藻、蓝藻和绿藻, 春季为绿藻、硅藻和隐藻。浮游植物年均密度和生物量分别为3.95106 ind./L 和4.078 mg/L, 空间差异表现为支流和库湾远高于干流, 季节动态表现为夏季最高, 春季和冬季次之, 秋季最低。三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物多样性指数偏低, 水体污染类型属于-中污染。研究为客观了解三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物群落的空间分布与季节变化特征提供一定的参考依据。       

西江下游浮游植物群落周年变化模式

西江肇庆段是珠江干流汇入珠三角河网水域的咽喉通道,对2009年该江段的浮游植物群落组成及变化进行系统阐析.调查期间共发现浮游植物7门,245种(包括变种、变型),其中硅藻和绿藻是浮游植物群落组成的最主要类群,分别占总种数的42.44％和34.69％,其次是裸藻和蓝藻.PCA分析结果显示,浮游植物各类群的种类丰富度和生物量的周年变化趋势主要受水温和径流量的影响.浮游植物种类丰富度的周年变化呈现明显的高温季节高,低温季节低的特征,除因大多数藻类物种直接喜好高温之外,径流量的增大有助于真浮游绿藻种类的外源注入及半浮游和偶然性浮游硅藻种类的增加.浮游植物生物量的周年变化呈现明显的双峰型,峰值分别出现在8月和11月.然而8月份第1个高峰出现之前,生物量波动不大,尽管水温的升高有助于生物量的增加,但是径流量增大所带来的稀释作用掩盖了水温上升对浮游植物生长的促进作用.真浮游植物生物量的变化趋势和数值与总浮游植物极其接近,主要得益于真浮游硅藻物种颗粒直链藻在总种群中的绝对优势地位.综上,水温升高对浮游植物种类丰富度和生物量的增长均有促进,径流量的增大虽然有助于种类丰富度的增加,但不利于生物量的增加.     

东河下游指示藻类的组成及物种多样性指数分析

经过对东河下游水体的浮游藻类调查,水体浮游藻类共计5门、71属、196种,其中绿藻门占41.84%,硅藻占28.57%。从浮游植物优势分布、指示藻类和多样性指数等生物学角度分析下游水质。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.