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1.
侯楠  朱力 《生物磁学》2011,(2):381-383
去细胞基质在组织工程及再生医学的大量应用为解决组织器官的修复和重建等难题带来了希望。去细胞方法大致可以分为三类:化学处理法、物理处理法及酶学处理法,且已经应用于组织工程及再生医学的各个方面。本文总结并分类目前常用的去细胞方法及其在组织工程各方面的应用,对目前国内外常用的去细胞方法及其在组织工程及再生医学中的应用进行回顾总结与分析。  相似文献   

2.
CRF是威胁人类健康及生命的常见病之一,近年来平均每年以约8%的速度在增长。依靠慢性肾功能衰竭肾脏母体及机体的再生潜能在脱细胞基质支架上修复重建肾脏结构与功能,这将是慢性肾功能衰竭治疗的一种全新的途径。而去细胞基质在组织工程、干细胞及再生医学的大量应用为解决组织器官的修复和重建等难题带来了希望。本文就目前CRF的治疗现状及、肾脏组织工程研究前景进行简要综述。  相似文献   

3.
组织工程和再生医学是基础研究和转化医学的热点,传统的组织工程和再生医学方法依赖体外构建组织、外源性干细胞移植至靶部位等方法,尽管这些方法在体外细胞研究、动物研究中证实可以达到组织修复和再生等作用,然而,临床实践尚存在一定问题,无法有效转化。基于干细胞、发育生物学、免疫学、生物工程和材料科学的最新进展,新一代体内再生的医学疗法,即自体疗法得以应用。自体疗法是一种基于优化内源性组织反应,利用干细胞和内源性组织微环境,促进组织愈合和再生的策略。本文将对自体疗法的概念、作用、微环境及优化自体疗法途径做一综述。  相似文献   

4.
目的:研究人羊膜间充质细胞(Humanamnioticmesenchymalcells,HAMCs)的分离、培养及其干细胞特性,为羊膜间充质细胞在再生医学的潜在应用奠定实验基础。方法:无菌条件下取正常足月剖腹产胎儿的羊膜剪成碎片,经胰酶胶原酶序贯消化,DMEM/F12培养,倒置显微镜下观察其形态,MTT法检测其生长规律,免疫荧光的方法对细胞进行鉴定,定向诱导方法检测细胞的多向分化潜能。结果:来源于羊膜的间充质细胞,细胞免疫荧光显示SSEA-4,OCT-4阳性,具有很强的增殖能力,并且具有一定的多向分化能力,在特定条件下可分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞;结论:羊膜间充质细胞能够在体外分离、培养、扩增,并且具有干细胞特性。羊膜间充质细胞在再生医学和组织工程应用有很好的前景。  相似文献   

5.
目的:研究人羊膜间充质细胞(Humanamnioticmesenchymalcells,HAMCs)的分离、培养及其干细胞特性,为羊膜间充质细胞在再生医学的潜在应用奠定实验基础。方法:无菌条件下取正常足月剖腹产胎儿的羊膜剪成碎片,经胰酶胶原酶序贯消化,DMEM/F12培养,倒置显微镜下观察其形态,MTT法检测其生长规律,免疫荧光的方法对细胞进行鉴定,定向诱导方法检测细胞的多向分化潜能。结果:来源于羊膜的间充质细胞,细胞免疫荧光显示SSEA-4,OCT-4阳性,具有很强的增殖能力,并且具有一定的多向分化能力,在特定条件下可分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞;结论:羊膜间充质细胞能够在体外分离、培养、扩增,并且具有干细胞特性。羊膜间充质细胞在再生医学和组织工程应用有很好的前景。  相似文献   

6.
传统器官移植受到器官来源、伦理以及机体免疫排斥等方面的限制而难以满足临床治疗需要。为了应对不断的挑战,组织工程得以诞生和发展。最初组织工程的含义是联合使用细胞、支架材料和生物活性因子以促进组织的修复和再生方面的研究和应用,随着研究的深入组织工程的概念得到不断发展。现代组织工程学是一门利用工程学和生命科学的原理,研究和开发具有生物活性的人工替代物,以维持、恢复或提高人体受损组织的功能的交叉学科。自诞生20多年来,组织工程的发展大致经历了三个阶段。再生医学是现代临床医学的重要分支,与干细胞和组织工程具有密切的联系。组织工程是完美的组织器官再生,是再生医学的关键研究领域,体现了再生医学的主要发展方向。再生医学的理论和技术方法促进了组织工程的发展。  相似文献   

7.
细胞膜片技术在组织工程中显示了良好的应用前景。与传统胰酶消化收集细胞的方法相比,运用该技术收集到的细胞保留了体外培养过程中分泌的胞外基质、建立的细胞-基质连接以及细胞间连接等结构。目前细胞膜片技术已被应用到角膜、食管、心脏、牙周韧带及软骨等多种组织修复中。然而,应用细胞膜片技术构建富血管化的大块组织、细胞膜片技术的工业化进程及基于细胞膜片技术的再生医学被大众所认知和接受仍是其在组织工程中面临的挑战。本文就细胞膜片技术在组织工程中的研究现状及最新进展作一综述,并寻求出其在临床及基础研究中的进一步发展方向。  相似文献   

8.
多能干细胞(PSCs)具有发育的多潜能性,可以分化为机体各种细胞类型,是再生医学领域进行细胞替代治疗以及组织/器官再生的基础.如何由终末分化的体细胞重编程获得病人特异的PSCs,是再生医学领域的核心问题之一,目前主要采取两种重编程策略:借助核移植技术由早期胚胎体外建系获得,或通过诱导重编程技术获得.本文将综述不同多能性等级PSCs的获得方法以及其在多能性机制研究中的应用,并讨论PSCs通过异种嵌合实现组织/器官再造的潜在应用价值.PSCs的研究不仅推动了基础生物学研究的发展,同时也为再生医学走向临床开辟了道路.  相似文献   

9.
再生医学作为新兴的治疗手段,为受损组织再生带来新希望。如何实现生物支架的功能化是提高受损组织再生能力的关键因素之一。天然生物体内存在多种物理、化学信号梯度,调控多种生理学过程,促进细胞黏附、迁移和分化,从而提高组织损伤修复效果。近年来,研究发现在生物支架中引入梯度分布的物理或生物学信号,在组织修复及再生方面展现出独特作用,具有重大应用前景。该文阐述了近年来组织再生中信号梯度功能支架的分类、制备技术及其在再生医学中的研究进展,并对再生医学领域梯度功能支架进行展望。  相似文献   

10.
《生物学通报》2011,(2):42-42
利用干细胞产生新的组织和器官,修复破损的组织、器官,被称为再生医学。目前,再生医学的发展已经使得人类可以通过干细胞使血管、汗腺、神经再生。并生产出组织工程皮肤和组织工程软骨,甚至组织工程耳朵和膀胱等。但是。用于治疗的于细胞如果控制不好就有可能演变为难以制约的肿瘤,尤其是全能分化的胚胎干细胞。  相似文献   

11.
脱细胞基质(decellularized extracellular matrix, dECM)旨在去除引起免疫排斥的细胞,保留原组织结构和成分。由于其具有与原组织器官相似的结构和成分,在组织工程和生物医学的应用上受到广泛关注,已成为一种很有前景的生物医学材料。通过适当的脱细胞方法,dECM很容易能够从组织器官中获得。文中总结了脱细胞的方法及最新研究进展,同时对脱细胞后支架灭菌、交联和保存的方式进行综述,概括了不同组织器官获得的脱细胞支架的最新应用及进展。最后对脱细胞支架目前面临的问题和挑战进行分析,并展望了未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

12.
Decellularized tissues have been successfully used in a variety of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine applications, and more recently decellularized organs have been utilized in the first stages of organ engineering. The protocols used to decellularize simple tissues versus intact organs differ greatly. Herein, the most commonly used decellularization methods for both surgical mesh materials and whole organs are described, with consideration given to how these different processes affect the extracellular matrix and the host response to the scaffold.  相似文献   

13.
Decellularization, a technique used in liver regenerative medicine, is the removal of all the cellular components from a tissue or organ, leaving behind an intact structure of extracellular matrix. The biomechanical properties of this novel scaffold material are currently unknown and are important due to the mechanosensitivity of liver cells. Characterizing this material is important for bioengineering liver tissue from this decellularized scaffold as well as creating new 3-dimensional mimetic structures of liver extracellular matrix. This study set out to characterize the biomechanical properties of perfused liver tissue in its native and decellularized states on both a macro- and nano-scale. Poroviscoelastic finite element models were then used to extract the fluid and solid mechanical properties from the experimental data. Tissue-level spherical indentation-relaxation tests were performed on 5 native livers and 8 decellularized livers at two indentation rates and at multiple perfusion rates. Cellular-level spherical nanoindentation was performed on 2 native livers and 1 decellularized liver. Tissue-level results found native liver tissue to possess a long-term Young’s modulus of 10.5 kPa and decellularized tissue a modulus of 1.18 kPa. Cellular-level testing found native tissue to have a long-term Young’s modulus of 4.40 kPa and decellularized tissue to have a modulus of 0.91 kPa. These results are important for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering where cellular response is dependent on the mechanical properties of the engineered scaffold.  相似文献   

14.
Decellularization and cellularization of organs have emerged as disruptive methods in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Porous hydrogel scaffolds have widespread applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug discovery as viable tissue mimics. However, the existing hydrogel fabrication techniques suffer from limited control over pore interconnectivity, density and size, which leads to inefficient nutrient and oxygen transport to cells embedded in the scaffolds. Here, we demonstrated an innovative approach to develop a new platform for tissue engineered constructs using live bacteria as sacrificial porogens. E.coli were patterned and cultured in an interconnected three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel network. The growing bacteria created interconnected micropores and microchannels. Then, the scafold was decellularized, and bacteria were eliminated from the scaffold through lysing and washing steps. This 3D porous network method combined with bioprinting has the potential to be broadly applicable and compatible with tissue specific applications allowing seeding of stem cells and other cell types.  相似文献   

15.
Decellularized human extracellular matrices (ECMs) are an extremely appealing biomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we decellularized human adipose tissue, fabricated a thin ECM sheet and explored the potential of this human adipose-derived ECM sheet as a substrate to support the formation of tissues other than adipose tissue. Acellular ECM sheets were fabricated from human adipose tissue through successive physical and chemical treatments: homogenization, centrifugation, casting, freeze-drying and sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. The ECM sheets exhibited good mechanical properties, despite their porous structure. They degraded quickly in the presence of collagenase and the degradation rate increased with the collagenase concentration in phosphate-buffered saline. Five different human cell types, covering a broad range of cells and applications (normal human dermal fibroblasts, human aortic smooth muscle cells, human chondrocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human adipose-derived stem cells), were seeded onto the ECM sheets. All the human cell types spread well, proliferated and were successfully integrated into the decellularized ECM sheet. Overall, the results suggest that recellularized ECM sheets are a promising substitute for defective or damaged human tissues.  相似文献   

16.
Native myocardium has limited regenerative potential post injury. Advances in lineage reprogramming have provided promising cellular sources for regenerative medicine in addition to research applications. Recently we have shown that adult mouse fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to expandable, multipotent, induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) by employing forced expression of five cardiac factors along with activation of canonical Wnt and JAK/STAT signaling. Here we aim to further characterize iCPCs by highlighting their safety, ease of attainability, and functionality within a three-dimensional cardiac extracellular matrix scaffold. Specifically, iCPCs did not form teratomas in contrast to embryonic stem cells when injected into immunodeficient mice. iCPC reprogramming was achieved in wild type mouse fibroblasts without requiring a cardiac-specific reporter, solely utilizing morphological changes to identify, clonally isolate, and expand iCPCs, thus increasing the versatility of this technology. iCPCs also show the ability to repopulate decellularized native heart scaffolds and differentiated into organized structures containing cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Optical mapping of recellularized scaffolds shows field-stimulated calcium transients that propagate across islands of reconstituted tissue and bipolar local stimulation demonstrates cell-cell coupling within scaffolds. Overall, iCPCs provide a readily attainable, scalable, safe, and functional cell source for a variety of application including drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative therapy.  相似文献   

17.
Homologous tissues, such as adipose tissue, may be an interesting source of acellular scaffolds, maintaining a complex physiological three-dimensional (3D) structure, to be recellularized with autologous cells. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the possibility of obtaining homologous acellular scaffolds from decellularization of the omentum, which is known to have a complex vascular network. Adult rat and human omenta were treated with an adapted decellularization protocol involving mechanical rupture (freeze-thaw cycles), enzymatic digestion (trypsin, lipase, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease) and lipid extraction (2-propanol). Histological staining confirmed the effectiveness of decellularization, resulting in cell-free scaffolds with no residual cells in the matrix. The complex 3D networks of collagen (azan-Mallory), elastic fibers (Van Gieson), reticular fibers and glycosaminoglycans (PAS) were maintained, whereas Oil Red and Sudan stains showed the loss of lipids in the decellularized tissue. The vascular structures in the tissue were still visible, with preservation of collagen and elastic wall components and loss of endothelial (anti-CD31 and -CD34 immunohistochemistry) and smooth muscle (anti-alpha smooth muscle actin) cells. Fat-rich and well vascularized omental tissue may be decellularized to obtain complex 3D scaffolds preserving tissue architecture potentially suitable for recellularization. Further analyses are necessary to verify the possibility of recolonization of the scaffold by adipose-derived stem cells in vitro and then in vivo after re implantation, as already known for homologus implants in regenerative processes.Key words: omentum, scaffold, decellularization, adipose tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, microvascularization  相似文献   

18.
Cell transplantation therapy has certain limitations including immune rejection and limited cell viability, which seriously hinder the transformation of stem cell-based tissue regeneration into clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) not only possess the advantages of its derived cells, but also can avoid the risks of cell transplantation. EVs are intelligent and controllable biomaterials that can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological activities, tissue repair and regeneration by transmitting a variety of biological signals, showing great potential in cell-free tissue regeneration. In this review, we summarized the origins and characteristics of EVs, introduced the pivotal role of EVs in diverse tissues regeneration, discussed the underlying mechanisms, prospects, and challenges of EVs. We also pointed out the problems that need to be solved, application directions, and prospects of EVs in the future and shed new light on the novel cell-free strategy for using EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.  相似文献   

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