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《激光生物学报》2015,(3)
以双亚7号亚麻为试验材料,通过农杆菌介导法,将抗性基因At NDPK2导入亚麻,并对影响遗传转化的主要因素进行了优化研究,结果表明:双亚7号培养5d苗龄的亚麻,下胚轴切成0.5 cm左右,预培养2 d后,取出放于OD 0.6-0.8的农杆菌菌液中摇动10-15 min。然后用灭过菌的滤纸吸干下胚轴表面的农杆菌,置于不含抗生素的共培养基上共培养3 d,共培养结束后将下胚轴转入含50 mg·L-1G418和300 mg·L-1Cef的下胚轴分化增殖的筛选培养基中进行分化增殖。获得抗性植株6株,PCR检测表明有4株阳性植株,转化率为66.67%,初步表明At NDPK2基因已导入亚麻中。 相似文献
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亚麻遗传转化体系的建立及几丁质酶基因导入的研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
报道了亚麻遗传转化体系的建立和几丁质酶基因对亚麻遗传转化的研究。亚麻下胚轴切段培养在不同激素浓度的MS培养基上,诱导分化出不定芽。最佳的激素组合是MS+BA1mg/L+IAA0.5mg/L,分化频率可达97%。亚麻的下胚轴经带有几丁质 根癌农杆菌感染后,在含有100mg/L卡那霉素的选择分化培养基上,14 ̄21d就能产生抗生小芽,小芽进一步伸长后可在100mg/L卡那霉素的MS选择生根培养基(MS 相似文献
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胚胎培养的研究从本世纪(1904,Hanning)开始以来,取得了很大进展。特别是自二十年代Laibach 用胚胎培养技术得到了亚麻杂种胚之后,已开创了植物胚胎培养应用于实际的新时期。但是已有的工作表明,成熟胚离体培养较容易;未成熟的幼胚,特别是发育早期的幼 相似文献
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亚麻SRAP反应体系的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过研究亚麻SRAP反应体系中主要因子对扩增结果的影响,建立了亚麻SRAP-PCR反应的优化体系.在20μL的反应体系中将PCR的5个主要成分分别设定8个浓度梯度,结果表明,最适宜的优化浓度分别为:1.5 mmol/L Mg2+、0.3 mmol/L dNTP、1.5 U Tap酶、30 ng/μL模板DNA 90 ng和25 ng/μL引物100 ng.用6个亚麻材料验证优化体系,检测结果显示,多态性高,反应体系的稳定性和可重复性好,为SRAP标记技术在亚麻分子生物学研究方面的应用奠定了基础. 相似文献
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亚麻荠对小菜蛾幼虫取食和成虫行为反应的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
亚麻荠是一种很少有害虫危害的油料作物。用室内生测和Y
型嗅觉仪研究了亚麻荠对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella幼虫取食和成虫行
为反应的影响。以甘蓝作对照,用亚麻荠叶片喂养的小菜蛾初孵幼虫3天后校正死亡率为79
.2%,显示了较强的致死作用;喂养小菜蛾3龄幼虫至化蛹,其存活率、化蛹率、蛹重及成
虫寿命都显著降低,表明亚麻荠对小菜蛾幼虫的生长发育有不利影响。在幼虫的取食选择实
验中,有甘蓝叶供选择时,小菜蛾幼虫不取食亚麻荠;在无可选择的情况下,小菜蛾幼虫也
取
食亚麻荠叶片,但取食量很小,与取食甘蓝叶的量相比,差异极显著。行为反应测试表明,
小菜蛾成虫对甘蓝和亚麻荠植株的挥发物都有明显的趋性反应,与对照(净化空气)相比,
差异极显著,而在甘蓝和亚麻荠之间无选择性。说明小菜蛾成虫对亚麻荠植株的挥发物具有
较强的定向反应。 相似文献
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亚麻EST序列中SSR标记的筛选 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用亚麻NCBI数据库中的7 941条亚麻EST序列进行SSR的筛选,共发现222个SSR,占整个EST数据库的2.73%,其中三核苷酸重复单元的EST-SSR占总SSR的72.1%,二核苷酸和四核苷酸二者出现的频率基本相近,分别占总SSR的14.4%和13.5%.AGAA是四核苷酸中的优势重复类型,占四核苷酸重复类型的67.67%.设计的21对EST-SSR引物中有18对在10个亚麻材料中有扩增产物,占设计引物的85%,有14对产物条带比较清晰并具有多态性.基于SSR标记进行聚类分析,可将10个亚麻材料划分为3个组.本研究建立的亚麻SSR标记,为亚麻遗传多样性鉴定、分子作图等研究提供了一种有效的分子标记系统. 相似文献
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The species Linum usitatissimum (flax/linseed) has been the focus of a great deal of both basic and applied research effort in plant cell and biotechnology studies in recent years. In this review we consider applications of the techniques of plant biotechnology in this species under several distinct headings. Plant cell and tissue regeneration strategies and applications are discussed, and the applications of the techniques of somatic embryogenesis, protoplast isolation, culture and fusion and cell suspension cultures in this species are described. A major area of study is the use of anther and microspore culture where clear advantages to breeding programmes could be applied. In addition, embryo and ovary culture studies have resulted in significant findings. The more recent technologies of gene transfer and expression by genetic transformation are reviewed, and a section on strategies for improvements in technological quality is also included. Finally we propose conclusions and future prospects for this ancient, but still highly relevant crop. 相似文献
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There is a requirement of haploid and double haploid material and homozygous lines for cell culture studies and breeding in flax. Anther culture is currently the most successful method producing doubled haploid lines in flax. Recently, ovary culture was also described as a good source of doubled haploids. In this review we focus on tissue and plants regeneration using anther culture, and cultivation of ovaries containing unfertilized ovules. The effect of genotype, physiological status of donor plants, donor material pre-treatment and cultivation conditions for flax anthers and ovaries is discussed here. The process of plant regeneration from anther and ovary derived calli is also in the focus of this review. Attention is paid to the ploidy level of regenerated tissue and to the use of molecular markers for determining of gametic origin of flax plants derived from anther and ovary cultures. Finally, some future prospects on the use of doubled haploids in flax biotechnology are outlined here. 相似文献
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Olivain C Trouvelot S Binet MN Cordier C Pugin A Alabouvette C 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2003,69(9):5453-5462
Fusarium oxysporum includes nonpathogenic strains and pathogenic strains that can induce necrosis or tracheomycosis in plants. The objective of this study was to compare the abilities of a pathogenic strain (Foln3) and a nonpathogenic strain (Fo47) to colonize flax roots and to induce early physiological responses in flax cell culture suspensions. Both strains colonized the outer cortex of the root; however, plant defense reactions, i.e., the presence of wall appositions, osmiophilic material, and collapsed cells, were less frequent and less intense in a root colonized by Foln3 than by Fo47. Early physiological responses were measured in flax cell suspensions confronted with germinated microconidia of both strains. Both pathogenic (Foln3) and nonpathogenic strains (Fo47) triggered transient H(2)O(2) production in the first few minutes of the interaction, but the nonpathogenic strain also induced a second burst 3 h postinoculation. Ca(2+) influx was more intense in cells inoculated with Fo47 than in cells inoculated with Foln3. Similarly, alkalinization of the extracellular medium was higher with Fo47 than with Foln3. Inoculation of the fungi into flax cell suspensions induced cell death 10 to 20 h postinoculation, with a higher percentage of dead cells observed with Fo47 than with Foln3 beginning at 14 h. This is the first report showing that early physiological responses of flax cells can be used to distinguish pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of the soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum. 相似文献
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Colonization of Flax Roots and Early Physiological Responses of Flax Cells Inoculated with Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Strains of Fusarium oxysporum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Chantal Olivain Sophie Trouvelot Marie-Noëlle Binet Christelle Cordier Alain Pugin Claude Alabouvette 《Applied microbiology》2003,69(9):5453-5462
Fusarium oxysporum includes nonpathogenic strains and pathogenic strains that can induce necrosis or tracheomycosis in plants. The objective of this study was to compare the abilities of a pathogenic strain (Foln3) and a nonpathogenic strain (Fo47) to colonize flax roots and to induce early physiological responses in flax cell culture suspensions. Both strains colonized the outer cortex of the root; however, plant defense reactions, i.e., the presence of wall appositions, osmiophilic material, and collapsed cells, were less frequent and less intense in a root colonized by Foln3 than by Fo47. Early physiological responses were measured in flax cell suspensions confronted with germinated microconidia of both strains. Both pathogenic (Foln3) and nonpathogenic strains (Fo47) triggered transient H2O2 production in the first few minutes of the interaction, but the nonpathogenic strain also induced a second burst 3 h postinoculation. Ca2+ influx was more intense in cells inoculated with Fo47 than in cells inoculated with Foln3. Similarly, alkalinization of the extracellular medium was higher with Fo47 than with Foln3. Inoculation of the fungi into flax cell suspensions induced cell death 10 to 20 h postinoculation, with a higher percentage of dead cells observed with Fo47 than with Foln3 beginning at 14 h. This is the first report showing that early physiological responses of flax cells can be used to distinguish pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of the soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum. 相似文献
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Autoactive alleles of the flax L6 rust resistance gene induce non-race-specific rust resistance associated with the hypersensitive response 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Howles P Lawrence G Finnegan J McFadden H Ayliffe M Dodds P Ellis J 《Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI》2005,18(6):570-582
L6 is a nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) gene that confers race-specific resistance in flax (Linum usitatissimum) to strains of flax rust (Melampsora lini) that carry avirulence alleles of the AvrL567 gene but not to rust strains that carry only the virulence allele. Several mutant and recombinant forms of L6 were made that altered either the methionine-histidine-aspartate (MHD) motif conserved in the NBS domain of resistance proteins or exchanged the short domain C-terminal to the LRR region that is highly variable among L allele products. In transgenic flax some of these alleles are autoactive; they cause a gene dosage-dependent dwarf phenotype and constitutive expression of genes that are markers for the plant defense response. Their effects and penetrance ranged from extreme to mild in their degree of plant stunting, survival, and reproduction. Dwarf plants were also resistant to flax rust strains virulent to wild-type L6 plants, and this nonspecific resistance was associated with a hypersensitive response (HR) at the site of rust infection. The strongest autoactive allele, expressed in Arabidopsis from an ethanol-inducible promoter, gave rise to plant death dependent on the enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) gene, which indicates that the mutant flax (Linaceae) L6 gene can signal cell death through a defined disease-resistance pathway in a different plant family (Brassicaceae). 相似文献
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Natalia Mokshina Olga Makshakova Alsu Nazipova Oleg Gorshkov Tatyana Gorshkova 《Physiologia plantarum》2019,167(2):173-187
Rhamnogalacturonan lyases (RGLs; EC 4.2.2.23) degrade the rhamnogalacturonan I (RG‐I) backbone of pectins present in the plant cell wall. These enzymes belong to polysaccharide lyase family 4, members of which are mainly from plants and plant pathogens. RGLs are investigated, as a rule, as pathogen ‘weapons’ for plant cell wall degradation and subsequent infection. Despite the presence of genes annotated as RGLs in plant genomes and the presence of substrates for enzyme activity in plant cells, evidence supporting the involvement of this enzyme in certain processes is limited. The differential expression of some RGL genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) tissues, revealed in our previous work, prompted us to carry out a total revision (phylogenetic analysis, analysis of expression and protein structure modeling) of all the sequences of flax predicted as coding for RGLs. Comparison of the expressions of LusRGL in various tissues of flax stem revealed that LusRGLs belong to distinct phylogenetic clades, which correspond to two co‐expression groups. One of these groups comprised LusRGL6‐A and LusRGL6‐B genes and was specifically upregulated in flax fibers during deposition of the tertiary cell wall, which has complex RG‐I as a key noncellulosic component. The results of homology modeling and docking demonstrated that the topology of the LusRGL6‐A catalytic site allowed binding to the RG‐I ligand. These findings lead us to suggest the presence of RGL activity in planta and the involvement of special isoforms of RGLs in the modification of RG‐I of the tertiary cell wall in plant fibers. 相似文献
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Hypocotyl segments of 7-day old seedlings of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars Atalante, Flanders, Jitka, Szegedi 30 and Super were screened for organogenesis (shoot and root induction) and embryo-like structure production. A non-destructive assay for hydroxyl radicals (*OH), utilising DMSO as a radical trap, was used to determine *OH formation during tissue culture and morphogenesis. Desferrioxamine, an inhibitor of Fenton reaction, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a cytotoxic Lipid peroxidation product, were exogenously applied to flax cultures to determine the effect of antioxidative and prooxidative status on morphogenetic responses induced through the exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Flax genotypes varied in their response to treatments after exposure to different plant hormones. Hydroxyl radical (*OH) formation correlated with morphogenetic responses and this was affected by plant hormones. Desferrioxamine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal also moderated morphogenetic responses and influenced hydroxyl radical formation during in vitro propagation. 相似文献
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At present there are substantial amounts of archaeological and archaeobotanical data from the Late Neolithic wetland settlements
of southern Germany on the oil and fibre plant flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). This is the result of 30 years of intensive excavations and research in 53 settlement areas. This article, on the one
hand, will present the significance of flax remains, products made of flax and the inventory of relevant tools for evidence
of and reconstruction of the flax production processes. On the other hand, based on the quantitative analysis of flax remains,
the changing significance of this important cultivated plant during the course of the Late Neolithic will be demonstrated.
From this it will be evident that textile production and in particular flax processing were part of a decisive upheaval in
cultural development that initiated the transition to the middle phase of the Late Neolithic in the fields of agriculture
and technology. 相似文献
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Patterns of plant visitation by nectar-feeding lizards 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Douglas A. Eifler 《Oecologia》1995,101(2):228-233
Geckos in the genus Hoplodactylus visit flowers to feed on nectar. I examined the patterns of flower visitation exhibited by two gecko species (H. maculatus and H. duvauceli) having access to two plant species: pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa: Myrtaceae) and flax (Phormium tenax: Agavaceae). Individual geckos were not observed to visit both plant species; individuals visiting flax tended to revisit the same plant. Geckos visiting pohutukawa were larger than those visiting flax and exhibited an early night peak in plant visitation, while lizards on flax displayed a more even pattern of activity throughout the night. On flax, geckos were more likely to be found on plants with a greater number of male flowers. Male flax flowers were of greater diameter than female flowers and produced nectar at higher rates and with greater concentrations of sugars. Experimental manipulation of pohutukawa nectar volumes suggested that the distribution of geckos is influenced by the pattern of nectar availability. 相似文献