福建大田栲树次生林优势种群结构与动态

在福建大田栲树(Castanopsis fargesii Franch.)次生林内,应用相邻格子法设置3 200 m2样地,进行优势种群结构和空间格局的研究.结果表明, 栲树种群、罗浮栲(C. fabri Hance)种群、樟树[Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Presl]种群结构呈金字塔型,栲树种群和罗浮栲种群从Ⅰ、Ⅱ级幼苗到Ⅲ级幼苗发育过程中出现死亡高峰; 3个优势种群从Ⅲ级幼苗向第4立木级的生长过程中,死亡率也很高.栲树、罗浮栲和樟树种群在不同发育阶段空间分布格局差别较大,栲树种群在幼树阶段为集群分布,中树及大树阶段为随机分布;罗浮栲种群在幼树阶段呈集群分布、中树阶段呈均匀分布、大树阶段呈随机分布;樟树种群在幼树及大树阶段呈均匀分布,中树阶段为随机分布.不同区组规模对种群空间分布格局产生影响.     

太白山红桦种群结构与空间分析

 为了揭示太白山红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)种群的维持机制, 结合径级结构、静态生命表和存活曲线, 对太白山红桦种群结构进行了研究; 并应用单变量、双变量K函数对不同径级立木与残干的空间格局、空间关联性进行了多尺度分析。研究显示, 太白山红桦种群在幼苗幼树阶段死亡率较高, 进入中龄期后死亡率有所降低, 随着年龄增长, 死亡率逐渐增加, 直至年龄极限。其存活曲线基本接近Deevey I型(曲线凸型)。其个体死亡方式主要为掘根和折干(由大雪所致), 能够为种群更新提供潜在空间。除海拔2 250 m立木整体格局呈集群分布外, 该地区红桦立木与残干在不同尺度下的整体格局均为随机分布。不同发育阶段的个体均呈集群分布, 表现为斑块状同龄群。在红桦更新所需的最适林窗大小尺度上, 红桦立木与残干的空间关联性为显著正相关。以上结果表明: 太白山红桦种群具有同龄集群生长的特性, 种群由时空上不连续的局部斑块同龄个体组成, 其更新有赖于以掘根及折干方式死亡个体所形成的林窗斑块, 这种以局部林窗斑块更新维持种群整体稳定的特性, 可能是其长期稳定存在的重要机制。     

武夷山天然米槠林优势种群结构与分布格局

在武夷山国家级自然保护区以米槠、杨梅叶蚊母树罗浮栲和黄瑞木为优势的群落内,应用相邻格子法设置3600m^2样地获得野外调查资料,进行优势种种群结构和空间格局的研究。结果表明：1）米槠杨梅叶蚊母树、罗浮栲和黄瑞木种群结构呈金字塔型。2）在分格格局上,四种优势种群都呈集群分布,但聚集强度不同,K值为0．2661－1．2877;在不同发育阶段米槠种群的空间分布格局都呈集群分布;杨梅叶蚊母树、罗浮栲种群,大树呈随机分布,幼树、中树均为集群分布;黄瑞木种群幼树为集群分布,中树则为随机分布;这种差异与其生物生态学特性及与物种的竞争排斥作用有密切联系。3）不同区组对种群空间分布格局产生影响。     

濒危植物南方红豆杉种群克隆生长空间格局与动态

在南方红豆杉集中的广西元宝山林设置样地．采用相邻格子样方法和T形距离取样离法调查取样 。应用方差/均值比的t检验法判定种群分布格局类型,用负二项参数 格林指数、Moristita指数 、丛生指标、平均拥挤度和聚块性指数、T形距离指数等方法测度集聚强测度,对南方红豆杉种群克隆生长的空间格局及动态进行研究。结果表明：整个种群在10mX10m、10mX5m、3mX2m等不同空间尺度下均表现为集聚分布格局,但集群强度不高。在种群生活史中,从幼苗到大构树,集群程度减小,大树呈随机分布。南方红豆杉有强烈的萌生能力,大量产生萌生分株,幼苗期剧烈的种内和种间竞争作用,导致个体密度下降、集群程度降低,种群表现扩散趋势,而小树、中龄树因占据了所需的生态位空间,种内竞争相对减缓,集聚强度有所增强,随个体生态位空间的扩张,种内和种间竞争重新加剧,种群密度下降,种群空间格局转为随机分布。南方红豆杉种群不同大小级分布格局这种动态变化反映了种群在生长发育过程中的生态策略和适应机制。     

粤北天然林优势种群结构与空间格局动态

在粤北始兴县罗坝自然保护区以木荷、栲树和马尾松为优势的群落内 ,设置 10 0 0m2 样地 5个 ,应用相邻格子法进行每木调查获得野外资料 .通过对优势种种群结构和空间格局的研究 ,结果表明 ,木荷、栲树种群结构呈金字塔型 ,幼苗贮备达 15 3 8和 9763株·hm-2 ;种群从Ⅰ、Ⅱ级幼苗发育到幼树过程中死亡率较高 ;马尾松种群结构呈倒金字塔型 ,幼苗缺乏 ,幼树只有 4株·hm-2 ,但大树较多 ,达 44株·hm-2 ;在以常绿阔叶树种为主的针阔混交群落中 ,马尾松、栲树种群分布格局为均匀分布 ;在以针叶树为主的针阔混交林群落中 ,两者的空间分布格局为集群分布 ,但两者格局变化原因不同 ;木荷种群空间分布格局在上述群落中均表现为集群分布 ,但聚集强度不同 ,K值为 0 42 80～ 0 975 0 ;木荷种群在不同发育阶段其空间分布格局没有较大差别 ,总体上都是集群分布 .栲树种群在不同发育阶段空间分布格局差别较大 ,除大树是均匀分布外 ,幼树、中树均趋于集群分布 ;马尾松种群分布格局中仅中树为集群分布 ,而幼树与大树均为均匀分布 .不同种群在不同发育阶段空间分布格局的差异与其生物学和生态学特性密切相关 .不同区组对种群空间分布格局产生影响 .     

濒危植物南方红豆杉种群克隆生长空间格局与动态

在南方红豆杉集中的广西元宝山林区设置样地 ,采用相邻格子样方法和T形距离取样法调查取样。应用方差 均值比的t检验法判定种群分布格局类型 ,用负二项参数、格林指数、Morisita指数、丛生指标、平均拥挤度和聚块性指数、T形距离指数等方法测度集聚强度 ,对南方红豆杉种群克隆生长的空间格局及动态进行研究。结果表明 :整个种群在 1 0m×1 0m、1 0m× 5m、5m× 5m、 3m×2m等不同空间尺度下均表现为集聚分布格局 ,但集群强度不高。在种群生活史中 ,从幼苗到大树 ,集群程度减小 ,大树呈随机分布。南方红豆杉有强烈的萌生能力 ,大量产生萌生分株 ,幼苗期剧烈的种内和种间竞争作用 ,导致个体密度下降、集群程度降低 ,种群表现扩散趋势 ,而小树、中龄树因占据了所需的生态位空间 ,种内竞争相对减缓 ,集聚强度有所增强 ,随个体生态位空间的扩张 ,种内和种间竞争重新加剧 ,种群密度下降 ,种群空间格局转为随机分布。南方红豆杉种群不同大小级分布格局这种动态变化反映了种群在生长发育过程中的生态策略和适应机制。     

珍稀濒危植物桫椤种群结构与动态研究

采用空间序列代替时间变化的方法,对7个地段中的桫椤种群大小结构进行分析,运用C、K、m*、m*/m和Iδ 5种聚集度指标测定不同地段内桫椤种群的空间分布格局及其动态,并根据植株个体点位图,考察桫椤种群在不同取样尺度上的空间分布格局.结果表明,不同地段中的桫椤种群结构存在增长型、稳定型、成熟型和衰退型4种类型;不同地段中的桫椤种群空间分布格局有所差异,表现为集群分布或随机分布;在桫椤种群生长过程中,分布格局从集群型向随机型转变;种群扩散型指数Iδ随取样尺度的增大而减小.     

三峡大坝下游残存疏花水柏枝种群结构和动态

在三峡大坝下游的湖北宜都关洲设立1个40 m×40 m的固定样地,利用高度分级,比较2008与2009年两年间的疏花水柏枝（Myricaria laxiflora）种群数量动态,并运用点格局的Ripley＇s K函数分析了其空间格局变化及种群更新特征。结果表明,疏花水柏枝幼苗数量较少,种群更新存在一些障碍。空间分布格局与空间尺度及植株的大小密切相关。种群总体呈集群分布,各大小级多在9 m时出现最大的聚集强度,随着大小级的增加,聚集强度有减弱的趋势。幼苗与中株有较强的正关联。由于种群现有生境变化较大,应考虑迁地保护,并对原生种群加强长期动态监测;同时,开展疏花水柏枝适应机理研究,实施科学保护。     

浙江天台山七子花群落种群分布格局研究

以浙江省天台山七子花群落为研究对象,采用相邻格子样方法取样数据,应用方差／均值比的t检验法、负二项参数、扩散型指数、Cassie指标、丛生指标、平均拥挤指数和聚块性指数等方法,分析了七子花群落各优势种群以及七子花种群在各样地中的分布格局,并分立木级对七子花种群在不同样地内的集群强度进行了测定。结果是：群落中各优势种群均呈集群分布;七子花种群在各样地亦呈集群分布,但集群强度有差异;各样地中七子花种群小树的集群强度均大于中树,种群呈扩散趋势。     

四川大头茶种群空间分布格局研究

采用相邻格子样方法取样数据,应用方差／均值比的ｔ检验法、负二项参数、扩散型指数、Ｃａｓｓｉｅ指标、丛生指标、平均拥挤指数和聚块性指数等方法,分析了四川大头茶种群在不同群落中的空间分布格局．结果表明：在不同群落中,其空间格局均为集群分布,但集群程度有所差异．此外,还分大小级对四川大头茶种群的分布格局进行分析,从幼苗到乔木,其集群程度从大到小。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.