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1.
白头翁绒毡层和周绒毡层膜的发育和组织化学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
白头翁绒毡层为分泌型,发育过程分为:发生-分化,生长-合成和分泌-解体3个阶段。第1阶段,绒毡层细胞的形态结构和组织化学特征同造孢组织和花粉母细胞的大体一致,所不同的是大量积累淀粉和形成少量原乌氏体,第2阶段为重要的合成时期;细胞体积膨大,具多倍体双核或畸形核,蛋白质大量合成,淀粉水解;原乌氏体和孢粉素荧光物质大量累积。第3阶段为分泌最活跃时期,裸细胞在妨行分泌功能上起着重要作用。原乌氏体,荧光物质,碳水化合物,或许包括分解胼胝质壁和纤维素壁酶等成分均在裸细胞阶段排出,周绒毡层膜,乌氏体和花粉外壁均属于孢粉素性质的结构,根据周绒毡层膜的外切向位置和结构,初步结论:它可能是绒毡层细胞质膜向着药壁中层一面的残存部分,而膜内表面上的孢粉素纹理则是后来添加的。乌氏体的基本形态为短颈烧瓶状,单个或2-5个组成复合结构,本文对绒毡层,绒毡层膜和乌氏体的功能,及孢粉素的转运和聚合等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
受精蛋白β在人精子表面的免疫组织化学定位 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Fertilin is a kind of sperm plasma membrane protein that mimics snake venom protein. It belongs to the ADAMs family of surface proteins that contain a disintegrin and a metalloprotease domain. Fertilin functions in the sperm-egg binding process by connecting the sperm to the egg plasma membrane via a binding site in the disintegrin domain of fertilin beta (HF93). Its localization on the sperm is in the change. In this study, the monoclonal antibody against human fertilin beta was prepared and used to analyze the localization of fertilin beta on capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy techniques. The results were as follows: (1) fertilin beta became restricted to the anterior head during the course of capacitation. (2) During the course of acrosome reaction, the expression and localization of fertilin beta changed immensely on the anterior head and restricted to the lateral of posterior head at last. The restrictions of fertilin beta to the anterior head of capacitated sperm of human beings indicated that fertilin beta may be involved in the binding the sperm to the epithelial cells of the oviduct; the restrictions of fertilin beta to the posterior head domain of acrosome-reacted sperm implied its function in sperm-egg binding and fusion. 相似文献
3.
白头翁绒毡层为分泌型,发育过程分为:发生-分化,生长-合成和分泌-解体3个阶段。第1阶段,绒毡层细胞的形态结构和组织化学特征同造孢组织和花粉母细胞的大体一致,所不同的是大量积累淀粉和形成少量原乌氏体,第2阶段为重要的合成时期;细胞体积膨大,具多倍体双核或畸形核,蛋白质大量合成,淀粉水解;原乌氏体和孢粉素荧光物质大量累积。第3阶段为分泌最活跃时期,裸细胞在妨行分泌功能上起着重要作用。原乌氏体,荧光物质,碳水化合物,或许包括分解胼胝质壁和纤维素壁酶等成分均在裸细胞阶段排出,周绒毡层膜,乌氏体和花粉外壁均属于孢粉素性质的结构,根据周绒毡层膜的外切向位置和结构,初步结论:它可能是绒毡层细胞质膜向着药壁中层一面的残存部分,而膜内表面上的孢粉素纹理则是后来添加的。乌氏体的基本形态为短颈烧瓶状,单个或2-5个组成复合结构,本文对绒毡层,绒毡层膜和乌氏体的功能,及孢粉素的转运和聚合等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
4.
皂苷类物质是白头翁的重要药用成分,主要存在于根内。研究白头翁根的解剖结构与皂苷类物质的关系有重要意义。利用解剖学和组织化学定位方法对不同生长龄白头翁根的解剖结构和皂苷的储藏场所进行了研究.结果表明:栓内层和次生韧皮部中的分泌细胞团、分泌腔和分泌道是白头翁根的主要结构特征,是皂苷类物质的主要贮存场所;而分泌腔和分泌道的数量及分泌道的宽窄与生长年限相关,4~5年生达到最大值。推测白头翁的栽培年限应为4年。 相似文献
5.
野生与栽培白头翁药用部位解剖结构和皂苷组织化学定位 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用解剖学和组织化学的方法,研究了野生和栽培白头翁(Pulsatilla chinensis)主根的解剖结构和皂苷组织化学定位。结果表明:野生白头翁根部韧皮纤维散在,而栽培白头翁的则多个聚集成环状或其它形状;栽培白头翁根的次生木质部导管管腔内富含侵填体;野生白头翁根中分泌腔和分泌道丰富;分泌腔与分泌道的数量及大小是决定白头翁皂苷物质含量高低的主要因子。因此,分泌腔与分泌道大小和数量的多寡可以作为判断所选育的白头翁品种是否优良的结构性指标。 相似文献
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对高频率多胚水稻(Oryza sativa L.)ApⅢ受精前后卵器的细胞结构和组织化学变化进行了观察,并同已报道的正常水稻和多胚水稻大至相同发育时期的卵器进行了比较,结果表明:ApⅢ的2932个幼嫩子房中,每个子房只有一个胚囊。没有看到含有一对胚囊和每个胚囊里有一套卵器的现象。除解体的和含胚的胚囊外,1655个胚囊中,含1个卵细胞和2个助细胞组成的正常卵器为1643个(99.27%),含2个卵细胞和2个助细胞的4细胞卵器为12个(0.73%)。没有观察到大量4细胞卵器,5细胞卵器(即由3个卵细胞和2个助细胞组成)和卵状细胞,以及其他4卵,5卵卵器的变异类型。卵细胞位于对着子房壁维管束一侧。细胞质含丰富的蛋白质和多糖颗粒;细胞核位于细胞中下部,少有偏远轴 ,直到合子分裂前由蛋白质物质和多糖颗粒聚成的环所包裹。成熟胚囊中常见2个助细胞。助细胞位于珠孔端靠子房壁维管束一侧,多烽为长颈烧瓶状,少有长形和星月形的。其珠孔端壁内侧丝状器发达,细胞质的结构,蛋白质物质和多糖颗粒的积累,分布及消长,细胞核的大小,组织化学反应和周围物质的动态与卵2细胞的相同。此我,ApⅢ的2个助细胞存留时间较长。当花粉管进入助细胞的早期,助细胞的丝状器和帽颈端被花粉管损伤,中下部细胞质和核所在区仍保持完好。由以上结果得出结论:多胚水稻ApⅢ高频率的额外胚(1或2个)主要来自3细胞正常卵器,极少来源于4细胞卵器;ApⅢ的助细胞除在受精和胚胎发生早期具特殊功能外,与卵细胞相似的细胞质结构,物质代谢过程以及崩溃产晚可能与胚胎发生有关;在ApⅢ的少数胚囊中,接受助细胞可能有发生胚的潜能。 相似文献
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白头翁属的花粉形态研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
白头翁属(Pulsatilla Mill.)花粉共有4个萌发孔类型:1.三沟类型; 2.散沟类型; 3.散孔类型; 4.二型花粉类型。各类型之间的演化趋势是:三沟→散沟→散孔类型。外 壁表面具大、小两型小刺和小穿孔。根据外壁表面小刺的粗细和小穿孔的分布,可将本属分 为两个类群,即一类为表面呈波浪状,小刺较粗,基部具垫状隆起,小穿孔分布在隆起之间的低 凹处; 另一群外壁表面平,刺较细,排列稀,小穿孔均匀分布在花粉的表面上。利用透射电镜观 察本属三沟型和散孔型的外壁内部结构是一致的,即都由薄的内层与厚的外层组成。内层在 沟和孔下面均加厚,在沟间区和孔间区变薄。外层包括覆盖层、柱状层和基层。 相似文献
10.
中华鲟受精细胞学研究 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray)的成熟卵具有一层放射膜及二层卵黄膜。在动物极有9—15个受精孔。每一受精孔有一大的入口(12.7—13.9μm直径)及一细长的受精管道(1.2—1.3μm直径)。 进入受精孔的许多精子只能按序入卵。其中只有一个精子的头部膨大核化,最后形成雄性原核。同时活跃的卵子也形成雌性原核。雌、雄原核彼此接触,最后融合成合子核,随后分成两个子核。 中华鲟的受精方式为多精入卵,单精受精。 相似文献
11.
Fertilization and variation of protein and starch grains in Pulsatilla chinensis (Bung) Regel have been studied at light microscopic level with histochemical test. Based upon the observations, the main conclusions are summarized as follows: The mature pollen grains are two-celled in which the generative cell shows the stronger protein staining than the vegetative cell. And vegetative cells are full of starch garins. When the pollen tube enters into the embryo sac, one synergid is destroyed, or in a few cases synergids are intact. Occasionally two synergids are disorganized as pollen tube penetrates. However, most of the remaining syuergids break down during fertilization, only in a few cases it remains till early stage of embryo development. The contents discharged by the pollen tube consist of two sperms, which stain intensely blue with protein dyes, a great amount of protein and starch grains. Mature female gametophyte (embryo sac) consists of an egg apparatus, central cell, which has a huge secondary nucleus, and antipodal apparatus which retain in course of fertilization. A few of embryo sac contain two sets of egg apparatus, a central cell with two huge secondary nuclei and two sets of antipodal apparatus. In some nucleoli of the central cell the comb-like structure pattern may be detected clearly. There are 1–2 small nucleoli in some egg cells and central cells. All the cells in embryo sac show protein positive reaction. According to the different shades of the color in cells, its may be arranged in the following order: antipodal cells, synergids, central cell and egg cell. Only a few small starch grains are present near nuclei of central cell and egg cell before fertilization, but no starch grains remain in most of the central cell, the synergids and antipodal cells. The fertilization is of the premitotic type. The fusion of the sexual nuclei progresses in the following order: 1, sperms approach and lie on the egg nucleus and secondary nucleus; 2, sperm chromatin sinks themselves into female nucleus, and male nucleolus emerges with the sperm chromosome; and 3, male nucleoli fuse with the nucleoli of egg nucleus and central cell nucleus, and finally forming the zygote and the primary endosperm cells respectively. Nevertheless, as it is well known, the fertilization completes in central cell obviously earlier than that in egg cell. Though it has been explained in cereals and cotton, in Pulsatilla chinensis the main reason is that nucleolar fusion of the male and female nucleoli in egg nucleus is slower than that in secondary nucleus. And the dormancy of the primary endosperm nucleus is shorter than that of the zygote. In the process of fertilization, histochemical changes are considerably obvious in the following three parts: 1, from the begining of fusion of male and female nuclei to form zygote and primary endosperm cell, Protein staining around female nucleus appears to increase gradually; 2, no starch grains are detected in embryo sac. Though only starch grains are carried in by pollen tube, they are completely exhausted during this period; and 3, near completion of fertilization starch grains appear again in zygote, however, not yet in primary endosperm nucleus till its dividing for the first time. The present study reveals that antipodal cells and synergids seem to play a significant role in nutrition of the embryo sac during the fertilization. 相似文献
12.
选用甜椒的小孢子单核期花药,用100、300、500、2000ppm的马来酰肼溶液浸泡处理,并设对照,进行无激素MS固体培养基培养。分别取样用各种组化方法对花药内部多糖、蛋白质、核酸及ATP酶进行组化反应和形态学上的观察。与对照组相比,处理组花药外部形态和内部结构出现许多变异。小孢子内多糖,蛋白质含量减少;绒毡层无明显变化;两组中,核酸的含量均无明显变化;ATP酶的活性低于对照组。可能,马来酰肼对于花药中ATP酶等产生抑制作用,致使花药败育。 相似文献
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本研究用光镜观察了在6例不同胎龄的胎儿及2例新生儿的附睾各段内AKP、ACP和SDH在胎儿期附睾起始段的活性比其它各段都强,并且以33周时为最强;至新生儿期,ACP和SDH在胎儿期附睾起始段的活性比其它各段都强并以33周时最强,至新生儿期,ACP和SDH的组织化学活性及PAS反应,并进行了半定量评估。结果显示:AKP只在新生儿时期有微弱的活性;ACP和SDH的酶活性都比33周时弱。PAS阳生反应首先出现在6月龄的附睾各段,随后逐渐增强,至33周时,附睾体、尾段的反应最为强烈,此后至新生儿期则轻微地减弱。根据文献对上述不同胎龄胎儿及新生儿附睾内酶活性及PAS反应的变化进行了讨论。 相似文献
14.
本实验采用D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察大鼠肝脏组织化学的变化,探讨肝炎平对急性肝损伤的保护作用。实验分为四组,即正常对照组、模型组、肝炎平及肝得健保护组。结果表明:肝炎平对肝细胞膜系统有一定的保护作用。肝炎平组和肝得健组SDH、CCO及ChE活性明显高于模型组,且与正常对照组相近。本实验模型组ACP的活性明显高于正常组,而肝炎平组ACP的活性明显低于模型组,与正常对照组无显著性差异。提示:肝炎平可显著改善因D-氨基半乳糖所致肝损害的作用。且其对肝细胞的保护作用与肝得健一致。 相似文献
15.
胃癌癌旁肠化上皮酶组织化学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杜卫东 《中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志》1995,(1)
本文应用酶组化方法对60例胃癌癌旁粘膜中47例肠化上皮(78.3%)的破性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、胞嘧啶单核苷酸酶(CMP)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-pase)、焦磷酸硫胺素酶(TPPase)、5-核苷酸酶(SNase)、三磷酸腺苷酶(Mg2+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase)和细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)等九种细胞器标志酶进行了定位观察。结果发现肠化上皮吸收细胞上述酶活性均较强,且分布具有极性,杯状细胞酶反应较弱,主要位于细胞基底部。癌旁粘膜肠化阳性率为78.3%,其中ALP阳性的酶完全型肠化和ALP阴性的酶不完全型肠化分别占53.2%,46.8%,两者出现率相近。酶完全型肠化ALP阳性率在胃分化型癌及未分化型癌瘤旁分别占69.2%和33.3%。ALP阳性率在胃分化型及未分化型癌组织内分别为35.5%和0%。提示肠化上皮具有与肠上皮相似的代谢特征,酶完全型肠化和酶不完全型肠化可能是肠化的二种不同的形式,在致癌环境下,二者都有可能转变成癌,其中酶完全型肠化与分化型癌的关系较为密切。 相似文献
16.
GABRIELLA CORSI ANNA MARIA PAGNI 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1990,104(4):381-388
The ontogeny, morphology, histochemistry and nuclear structure of glandular hairs in Valeriana officinalis L. subsp. collina (Wallr.) Nyman were investigated. An interesting characteristic of these glandular hairs is their remarkable variability, not only in morphology, but in their chromatin activity, and the reactions of the secretions to histochemical tests. 相似文献
17.
Summary The distribution of monoamines inLimax maximus was studied by the histochemical fluorescent method of Falck and Hillarp. The number of 5-HT-containing and catecholamine-containing perikarya in the central nervous system is small compared with the non-fluorescent perikarya. However, all the ganglia except the proto-cerebral ganglia have some amine-containing neurons. There are relatively larger numbers of fluorescent cells in the cerebral, visceral, pedal and right parietal ganglia than in the other ganglia. A single, giant 5-HT-containing neuron was observed in each meta-cerebral ganglion.Monoamine neurons are localised in a number of peripheral tissues (heart, integument, tentacles, penis retractor muscle, sole of foot, kidney, alimentary canal, reproductive organs and tentacular, pharyngeal and cephalic retractor muscles). Neurons containing catecholamine are mostly associated with sensory structures such as the statocysts, the retina of the eye and the integument of the tentacles, whereas 5-HT-containing nerve fibres are mainly observed in muscle tissues.We wish to thank the Wellcome Trust for financial support. 相似文献
18.
Summary The notochord of Ichthyophis glutinosus and I. kohtaoensis consists of peripheral flattened cells characterized by a well-developed system of rough endoplasmic reticulum, bundles of tonofilaments, and abundant glycogen particles. These cells contain furthermore fairly high activities of -naphtyl-acetate esterase and 4-chloro-5-bromoindoxyl acetate esterase as well as acid phosphatase which was found in lysosomal localization. The huge intracellular vacuoles of the centrally situated cells possibly originate from electron translucent spaces within the glycogen fields of the peripheral cells.The notochord sheath consists of variously differentiated layers of collagen fibers and of an elastica externa. The diameters of the collagen fibers increase from the inner towards the outer region of the sheath. A peculiar feature of the Ichthyophis notochord sheath is a ring of mineralized collagen. The notochord of the caecilians investigated is compared with that of anurans, urodeles, and several groups of fish.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
19.
实验采用刚断乳的幼鼠20 只, 分为两组喂养, 每组10 只, 对照组和普通饲料喂养(简称A 组),另一组用奶粉喂养(简称B组)。分别喂养20天后, 对其肝组织化学进行了分组定性对比观察。结果显示:A 组肝细胞糖原PAS反应, SDH、ChE活性高于B组, 分别为强阳性(), 而B组LDH, AKP活性比A组强, 分别为强阳性及最强阳性 (, )。 相似文献
20.
应用粘液组化技术对185例胃良恶性疾病进行了研究。结果:胃良恶性疾病伴肠化检出率无明显差异;但含有硫酸粘液的结肠型肠化在胃癌癌旁检出率明显高于良性疾病组。不同分化程度胃癌的转移及术后生存率无明显差异;但含有酸性粘液的肠型、混合型胃癌的淋巴结转移率明显较仅含中性粘液的胃型胃癌高。提示:结肠型肠化与胃癌有一定关系;癌细胞产生大量酸性粘液可能有利癌细胞的扩散与转移,对胃癌病人的预后有一定影响 相似文献