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1.
为考察营养状态和代谢范围对鱼类群体行为的影响,研究以锦鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼为实验对象,在(25.4±0.2)℃条件下先测定其摄食代谢和能量代谢(标准代谢率, SMR;最大代谢率, MMR)计算代谢范围(AS=MMR–SMR),再测定5个“营养-AS”处理组的锦鲫鱼群体中的个体空间位置、摄食量及个体特征(如个体游泳速度和加速度)和群体特征(如个体游泳速度同步性、个体间距离、最近邻距离和群体极性)。研究发现:营养状态、饥饿、代谢范围、摄食和消化对鱼群中的个体空间位置均无影响。饥饿和消化对锦鲫群体的凝聚力并无影响,但饥饿降低该种鱼群体协调性的现象仅在消化期间存在,即群体中个体食物获取能力导致消化策略并非相同,由此引发个体游泳运动同步性更加紊乱,最终导致群体协调性下降。在正常营养状态的锦鲫群体中,群体前部的空间可赋予个体获得更多食物资源的生态收益,但饥饿消除该群体中个体空间分布生态收益的异质性。对照组摄食量与摄食水平与预测剩余的AS呈负相关,饥饿组摄食量与摄食水平与预测剩余的AS不相关。研究表明:在正常营养状态的锦鲫群体中,群体前部的空间可赋予个体获得更多食物资源的生态...  相似文献   

2.
在高温(29±1)℃下将西伯利亚鲟幼鱼(21.61±0.03)g饥饿0(对照)、6、12和18d后恢复摄食3周,研究摄食、生长和鱼体组成的变化.结果表明,经过不同程度饥饿的鱼体重均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),恢复摄食3周后,饥饿6d(S6组)和12d(S12组)的鱼体重与对照无显著差异(P>0.05),而饥饿18d(S18组)的鱼体重显著低于对照(P<0.05).在恢复摄食1周后,饥饿6d组(S6组)特定生长率和摄食率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饥饿12d组(S12组)特定生长率和饲料效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表明饥饿6d的西伯利亚鲟是通过提高摄食率来实现补偿生长,而饥饿12d的西伯利亚鲟是通过提高饲料效率来实现补偿生长.各饥饿组鱼体蛋白含量(占湿重)和干物质含量在整个实验过程中与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05).在饥饿过程中,鱼体脂肪含量和肝脏肝糖原含量下降的同时,各饥饿组的灰分含量上升,但仅S18组与对照差异显著(P<0.05).在恢复摄食1周后,饥饿组脂肪、肝糖原和灰分等体成分均恢复到正常水平(P>0.05).结果表明,西伯利亚鲟在高温下表现出完全补偿现象,且是通过同时提高摄食率和饲料效率来实现补偿生长的,因此在夏季高温时对鲟鱼进行一段时间适度的饥饿可以在不影响生长和体成分的前提下节约饲料成本,减少因过量投饵而引起的环境污染.  相似文献   

3.
陈永鹏  曹振东  付世建 《生态学报》2010,30(7):1940-1945
在(25.0±0.5)℃实验室条件下,考查标记后体重相近的30尾锦鲫幼鱼(3.5±0.1g)的标准代谢(standard metabolic rate,SMR),然后将实验鱼分为10个组(每组3尾);分别以好斗行为和摄食成功率两个指标将各组实验鱼评估为3个不同的社群等级;再分别测定各等级地位实验鱼的SMR、血糖浓度和临界游泳速度(critical swimming speed,Ucrit)。结果显示:锦鲫幼鱼3个等级地位由高到低的摄食成功率分别为(51.2±1.61)%、(29.3±1.87)%、(19.5±0.73)%;好斗行为指标得分分别为(8.1±0.30)、(1.9±0.30)、0.0,两个评估指标均存在显著性差异(P0.05);Ucrit分别为(35.5±0.22)、(33.7±0.66)、(29.8±1.02)cm/s,血糖浓度分别为(3.4±0.22)、(4.2±0.30)、(4.5±0.33)mmol/L(P0.05);而评估前、后各等级之间实验鱼的SMR均没有显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明:锦鲫幼鱼存在着明显社群等级分化的现象;好斗行为和摄食成功率两个指标分别对社群等级地位的评估结果具有显著的一致性;实验鱼等级地位越高其游泳能力越强,血糖浓度越低;这一现象提示,高等级地位的鱼受到较低的社群胁迫且具有较高的生理适合度。  相似文献   

4.
为考察鲤科鱼类种内个体标准代谢率的差异及其与运动性能和摄食性能的内在关联,本研究以我国广泛分布的鲤(Cyprinids cardio)幼鱼[体重(4.79±0.08)g,n=36]为实验对象,在(25.0±1.0)℃下分别测量实验鱼的标准代谢率(SMR),随后测定单尾鱼的特殊动力作用(SDA)、自发运动、临界游泳速度以及活跃代谢率(MO2active)。实验鱼标准代谢率(SMR)的变幅为76.7~317.6 mg/(kg·h),其变异系数(CV)达24.4%;实验鱼在10 min内的尾鳍摆动次数(P0.05)和摄食代谢峰值(P0.05)均与标准代谢率(SMR)呈正相关;活跃代谢率(MO2active)(P0.05)与摄食代谢峰值以及活跃代谢范围与摄食代谢范围(P0.05)均呈正相关。然而,鲤幼鱼的标准代谢率(SMR)与相对临界游泳速度、活跃代谢率(MO2active)、特殊动力作用(SDA)时间和特殊动力作用(SDA)总量均不相关(所有P0.05)。研究表明,较高标准代谢率(SMR)的鲤幼鱼个体表现较高的活跃性和较强的摄食代谢能力,可能有助于其更易发现食物、逃避天敌以及加快食物处理。  相似文献   

5.
锦鲫的摄食代谢与运动代谢及其相互影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探讨锦鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼摄食后特殊动力作用(SDA)的变化特征及运动代谢与摄食代谢之间的相互影响,实验首先灌喂锦鲫4%体重的饲料和等体积的纤维素(湿重),测定灌喂前后的耗氧率;另设灌喂饲料、灌喂纤维素、空腹组(对照组)3个组,测定3组的临界游泳速度(Ucrit)和运动耗氧率(MO2);然后在70%、0%临界游泳速度下,分别测定饱足摄食组和空腹组的耗氧率。结果显示:1灌喂饲料后代谢率快速上升,达到峰值后又迅速下降,代谢时间较短,没有一个相对稳定的平台期,灌喂纤维素后代谢率没有显著性变化(P0.05)。提示锦鲫幼鱼的特殊动力作用功率曲线为一个典型的"三角型"模型,且在特殊动力作用总耗能中,生化特殊动力作用占特殊动力作用总耗能的绝大部分,而机械特殊动力作用只占特殊动力作用的极少部分。2锦鲫幼鱼在摄食后临界游泳速度显著下降(P0.05),代谢率显著升高(P0.05)。摄食后的运动过程中,代谢率从摄食开始到代谢率回落至空腹组代谢的标准误范围内的首个数据所对应的时间长度均为6.5 h,且摄食代谢无显著性差异。提示,对锦鲫幼鱼来说,摄食代谢降低了其运动能力,而运动代谢并没有影响摄食代谢。  相似文献   

6.
曾令清  付成  奚露  彭姜岚  付世建 《生态学报》2017,37(14):4807-4816
自然界中动物的表型特征(如形态、生理和行为)存在明显的种内个体差异,并且该差异在不同环境条件下保持稳定。为考察鲤科鱼类能量代谢和个性行为的个体差异及二者的关联,以鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)幼鱼为实验对象,在(25.0±0.5)℃条件下测定30尾鳊幼鱼的标准代谢率(SMR)、最大代谢率(MMR,由力竭运动诱导)和过量耗氧(EPOC)并计算代谢空间(MS)和相对代谢空间(FAS),随后测定鳊幼鱼的勇敢性(Boldness)和活跃性(Activity)两个个性行为学指标(测定Ⅰ),1个月后(测定Ⅱ)重复测定该种鱼的上述表型特征参数。结果显示:(1)1个月后鳊幼鱼的体重和体长均显著增加且具有较好的重复性(二者P0.05)。(2)除MMR、MS、FAS和EPOC外,鳊幼鱼SMR具有明显的重复性;SMR与MS、FAS以及EPOC均呈现负相关(所有P0.05),与MMR不相关;MS和FAS与MMR呈现正相关(二者P0.01);实验期间,鳊幼鱼部分能量代谢参数的相关性保持不变。(3)鳊的勇敢性(潜伏时间)重复性较差,且测定Ⅱ鳊幼鱼的潜伏时间明显增加(P0.05),测定Ⅰ和测定Ⅱ的潜伏时间与SMR均不相关;活跃性的移动路程、游泳速度和运动时间比的重复性较差,三者之间的正相关不受时间影响;相比较测定Ⅰ,测定Ⅱ鳊幼鱼活跃性的3个指标均明显增加(所有P0.05)。(4)不论测定Ⅰ还是测定Ⅱ鳊幼鱼的SMR与实验期间特定体重增长率(SGR)均呈正相关(二者P0.01)。研究表明在实验室环境条件下鳊幼鱼的能量代谢和个性行为具有非平行的变化规律和重复性,表型特征之间存在关联,并且这些关联受环境条件的影响程度不尽相同;研究还提示该种鱼的SMR在短期内可预测个体的生长率。  相似文献   

7.
曾令清  付世建  曹振东 《生态学报》2016,36(6):1746-1755
为考察鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼标准代谢的个体差异与运动力竭后代谢特征和行为的关系,在(25.0±0.5)℃条件下测定80尾鲫幼鱼标准代谢率(SMR),筛选出40尾实验鱼[体重(13.54±0.20)g,体长(8.05±0.07)cm],其中包括20尾高SMR个体和20尾低SMR个体,测定运动至力竭实验鱼的最大代谢率(MMR),并计算代谢空间(AS=MMR-SMR)、相对代谢空间(FAS)和过量耗氧(EPOC)总量,随后测定单尾鱼的快速启动行为[反应时间(RT)、最大线速度(Umax)、最大线加速度(Amax)和120ms移动距离(S120)]以及个性行为(勇敢性和活跃性)。结果显示鲫幼鱼的SMR与AS、FAS和EPOC总量均呈负相关,而与MMR不相关;MMR与AS、FAS和EPOC总量均呈正相关;协方差分析显示高SMR个体组的代谢恢复速率与低SMR个体组无显著差异。鲫幼鱼的SMR与快速启动行为的RT呈正相关,与Amax呈负相关,而与Umax和S120均不相关。在快速启动行为中,鲫幼鱼的RT与Umax、Amax和S120均呈负相关,而Umax与Amax和S120呈正相关。鲫幼鱼的SMR与其勇敢性指标如潜伏期(L)、曝露时间(ET)和探头频率(AF)以及活跃性指标如运动时间比(PTM)、撞墙频率(FHW)均不相关,但鲫幼鱼的PTM与FHW和ET呈正相关。研究表明在实验室条件下鲫幼鱼的能量代谢特征、快速启动和个性行为存在明显的个体差异现象,并且部分表型特征之间存在权衡,提示这些权衡可能是鲫幼鱼的生理、行为与栖息环境相互作用的综合结果。  相似文献   

8.
为考察鲤科鱼类易钓性种内差异的表型基础、生态结果及饥饿响应, 研究以异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)幼鱼为实验对象, 在饥饿前(对照组)测定其表型特征(能量代谢、游泳能力和个性行为)并垂钓, 随后在饥饿1周后再次垂钓(饥饿组), 最后进行2周的恢复摄食生长实验(恢复组)。垂钓实验具有4个重复, 每个重复的样本量为40尾, 垂钓1.5h即停止, 垂钓20尾为钓出组, 剩余20尾为未钓出组。研究发现: 除钓出组的相对代谢空间(FAS)小于未钓出组外, 钓出组的外部形态(体重、体长和肥满度)、能量代谢参数(标准代谢率SMR、最大代谢率MMR和代谢空间AS)、游泳能力(最大匀加速游泳能力Ucat和最大有氧运动能力Ugt)及个性行为(探索性、活跃性和勇敢性)与未钓出组均无明显差异(所有P>0.05); 在经历捕食者模拟袭击后, 实验鱼勇敢性的潜伏时间比大于探索性, 导致勇敢性的运动时间比和穿门频率小于探索性。SMR与Ucat及Ugt不相关(P>0.05), 但MMR和AS与Ucat及Ugt均呈正相关(P<0.05); 能量代谢参数与个性行为存在部分相关。饥饿增加异育银鲫的垂钓总时间、单尾平均垂钓时间和单尾垂钓时间的变异系数。钓出组在饥饿期的特定生长率(SGR)小于未钓出组, 而恢复期钓出组的SGR与未钓出组无显著差异; 除MMR和AS外, SMR与饥饿期及恢复期的SGR均呈负相关(P<0.05), 即SMR越高个体在饥饿期间的体重下降更快, 在恢复摄食后生长却较慢。研究表明: 异育银鲫幼鱼的易钓性可能不具备表型基础, 并且因环境食物匮乏而降低; 虽然饥饿期间两种易钓性表型个体的生态结果存在差异, 但该生长差异在营养恢复后消失, 表明异育银鲫的易钓性具有一定的环境依赖性。  相似文献   

9.
饥饿对食蚊鱼仔鱼摄食、生长和形态的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文研究了饥饿胁迫下食蚊鱼仔鱼的摄食、生长和外部形态的变化规律.结果表明,在水温(28.5±1.2)℃时,仔鱼产出2h后鳔完成充气即建立巡游模式并开始觅食,摄食比率迅速达到100%,其混合营养期仅有4h.实验期间,投喂组仔鱼的摄食比率一直保持在100%;饥饿组仔鱼在饥饿0-3d内初次摄食比率同样可达到或接近100%,但第4天开始下降,第6天初次摄食比率降至0,抵达饥饿不可逆点(PNR)时间为产出后第5.5天左右.投喂组初产仔鱼对1-2龄期库蚊幼虫的摄食强度为(2.9±1.4)ind/individual·h,摄食强度随日龄显著增长;饥饿组仔鱼在饥饿0-5d内其初次摄食强度也随日龄及饥饿时间的延长显著增长,但均显著低于相应日龄的投喂组仔鱼,其初次摄食比率与初次摄食强度之间并无显著相关关系.饥饿仔鱼在PNR前约1.5d时其累计死亡率已超半数,达(64.4±18.1)%,抵达PNR后数小时内残存个体全部死亡.实验结束(6d)时投喂组仔鱼5项生长指标呈不等速增长,其中体重增长最为显著,瞬时增长率达0.0275/d,此时腹鳍发育基本完备,进入幼鱼期.而同期饥饿组仔鱼形态发育停滞,多项生长指标出现负增长,其中体高负增长最为明显,其瞬时增长率为-0.0511/d;体重次之,体长负增长则不甚明显.饥饿仔鱼在接近或处在PNR期时腹部萎缩呈弧形,体长/体高>5,而同期投喂组仔鱼体长/体高<4.5,两者差异显著,可作为鉴别饥饿仔鱼和健康仔鱼较理想的形态数量指标.  相似文献   

10.
为了研究摄食和饥饿对鱼类游泳运动能力和低氧耐受的影响; 以大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)为对象, 在25℃下, 测定对照组(禁食2d)、摄食组(摄食后3h)和饥饿组(禁食16d)实验鱼的日常代谢率(RMR)、活跃代谢率(AMR)、代谢范围(MS)、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、临界氧压(Pcrit)和失去平衡点(LOE)。研究显示摄食后实验鱼RMR显著提升, AMR没有显著变化, 而MS和Ucrit显著下降(P<0.05); 饥饿后实验鱼RMR、AMR和MS均没有显著变化, 而Ucrit显著下降(P<0.05); 摄食后实验鱼Pcrit显著上升, 溶解氧(DO)高于Pcrit时的代谢率(MR)与DO之间的关系的斜率显著大于对照组所对应的斜率, 而LOE没有变化(P<0.05); 饥饿后实验鱼Pcrit和LOE均没有显著变化, 而DO 低于Pcrit时的MR与DO之间的关系的斜率显著小于对照组所对应的斜率(P<0.05)。结果表明, 摄食削弱大口黑鲈游泳运动能力是因为“心鳃”系统对其有氧代谢能力的限制; 饥饿后大口黑鲈游泳运动能力下降可能与其无氧代谢能力下降相关; 摄食削弱大口黑鲈的低氧耐受, 而饥饿后其低氧耐受有所增强, 但大口黑鲈低氧耐受总体趋于保守。  相似文献   

11.
实验以异育银鲫中科3号幼鱼(3.20.5) g为实验对象, 研究螺旋藻粉蛋白替代饲料鱼粉蛋白(0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用和蛋白沉积的影响。实验设计了6种等氮(38%)等脂(10%)等能(16.50 kJ)的饲料, 每处理3个重复。采用室内循环水养殖系统, 表观饱食投喂。实验水温为(283)℃, 实验共持续60d。结果发现:随藻粉替代比例的增加, 鱼摄食率显著上升; 饲料效率则呈显著下降趋势; 特定生长率在20%替代组与鱼粉组无显著差异(P0.05), 其他各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 蛋白沉积率在20%、60%替代时与鱼粉组无显著差异(P0.05), 其他替代组显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 肥满度在各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 鱼体蛋白随藻粉替代比例的增加呈现先持平后降低的趋势, 鱼体脂肪则呈先降低后升高的变化; 20%、40%和60%替代组全鱼灰分均高于全鱼粉组; 肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和-淀粉酶)在替代组和对照组间均无显著差异(P0.05); 干物质表观消化率随藻粉蛋白替代比例的增加而呈显著上升, 蛋白的表观消化率则呈显著下降趋势, 总磷表观消化率在20%替代时最低, 在100%替代时最高。综合特定生长率和蛋白沉积率情况, 当鲫幼鱼饲料中鱼粉含量约为50%, 且鱼粉为唯一蛋白源时, 螺旋藻粉蛋白可替代饲料中20%鱼粉蛋白。  相似文献   

12.
以初始平均体重(2.02±0.02)g的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为实验对象,进行为期70d的摄食生长实验,研究不同添加方式的植酸酶对牙鲆生长和饲料利用的影响。在5000.0g豆粕中添加2.5g植酸酶,然后用产朊假丝酵母(Candidautilis)进行发酵预处理,得到植酸酶预处理豆粕。共制作4种等氮等能(粗蛋白49.7%、总能20.9kJ/g)饲料,对照饲料主要以鱼粉为蛋白源;在对照饲料的基础上,用豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白配制成豆粕组饲料;在每千克豆粕组饲料中添加1000IU植酸酶,配制成植酸酶组饲料;用植酸酶预处理豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白配制成植酸酶预处理豆粕组饲料。结果表明,与对照组相比较,用豆粕蛋白替代饲料中45%的鱼粉蛋白,若不添加植酸酶则显著降低牙鲆的特定生长率(P0.01)、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮贮积率(P0.05);直接添加植酸酶组、植酸酶预处理豆粕组牙鲆的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮贮积率与鱼粉对照组相比较没有出现显著差异(P0.05);与不添加植酸酶的豆粕组相比较,在含豆粕饲料中添加1000IU/kg饲料的植酸酶显著提高牙鲆的特定生长率(P0.01)、氮贮积率(P0.05)和磷贮积率(P0.01),显著降低氮排放率(P0.05)和磷排放率(P0.01),但饲料效率和蛋白质效率没有显著变化(P0.05);在豆粕中添加植酸酶进行发酵预处理,降低了豆粕中植酸含量,在饲料中添加植酸酶预处理豆粕显著提高牙鲆的特定生长率(P0.01)、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮贮积率(P0.05),显著降低氮(P0.05)、磷和钙的排放率(P0.01)。  相似文献   

13.
The aims of this study were to test whether the metabolism, behavioural traits, growth and survival under predation of a fish species phenotypically changed under predation threat with the particular emphasis on whether short-time predator exposure would amplify the relationships between metabolic rate and behavioural traits and their fitness consequences (growth and survival). We found that Chinese bream under predation threat for 20 days exhibited a lower specific growth rate (SGR), feeding rate (FR) and feeding efficiency (FE) but a higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) and survival when encountering predators compared to the bream in the no-predator group. Both activity and boldness showed no correlation to SMR in the no-predator group, while it was vice versa in the predator group according to Pearson correlation. It thus demonstrated that short-time predator exposure can mediate the relationships between metabolism and behavioural traits, suggesting that predation may play an important evolutionary role in modifying intraspecific behavioural differences via metabolism. However, no significant effect of predator treatment acted on relationships between behaviour traits and SMR according to ANCOVA, which possibly due to the small sample size of this study. Additionally, the SMR of both groups was positively correlated with survival under predation, whereas the relationships between SMR and fitness cost such as growth and survival are rather complicated and need further investigation.  相似文献   

14.
The capacity of sub‐yearling Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869) (19.7 ± 0.8 g) to show compensatory growth was assessed for a 40‐day period for the effects of short‐term starvation and refeeding on growth, feeding performance and body composition. After acclimation, 25 experimental fish were randomly distributed among twelve 500‐L cylindrical fiberglass tanks with a flow‐through system. The fish were subjected to four different feeding regimes: control, which was fed four times daily to apparent satiation; T1: four periods of 2 days starvation alternating with 8 days re‐feeding; T2: two periods of 4 days starvation alternating with 16 days refeeding; T3: an 8 days starvation period followed by 32 days refeeding. At the end of the experiment, the deprived fish attained body weights comparable to those attained by the control fish. There were no differences in growth and feeding performances between the deprived and the control fish. Total protein and lipid contents of the control fish were significantly higher than that of T1 and T2 fish at the end of the experiment (P < 0.05). A significant difference in the energy content was observed between T2 and the control. Siberian sturgeon exhibited complete compensation, indicating a high ability of the deprived fish to grow sufficiently to fully compensate for weight loss during starvation. The results suggested that the feeding schedule involving starvation–refeeding cycles could be a promising feed management option for the culture of this species.  相似文献   

15.
Trade-offs have a central role in evolutionary ecology and life-history theory. Here, we present evidence for the existence of a rarely studied trade-off between growth rate and starvation endurance in larvae of a pit-building antlion. We first manipulated antlions’ feeding regime and obtained a spectrum of growth rates. Next, we starved the antlions and documented their rate of mass loss. Antlions growing faster during the feeding phase also lost mass faster during the successive starvation period, implying the existence of an induced trade-off between fast growth and starvation endurance. Finally, we fed all antlions with prey items of similar mass and measured both the giving-up prey mass (i.e. the remaining body mass of the prey that was not converted into predator body mass), and growth efficiency of antlions (i.e. proportion of prey consumed, negatively correlated with giving-up prey mass). The giving-up mass was negatively correlated with the growth rate of the antlions during the feeding phase, and positively correlated with their growth rate during the starvation phase (the opposite pattern was evident when examining growth efficiency), incongruently with the common phenomenon of growth compensation (i.e. extracting more of the prey after a starvation period). We suggest that antlion larvae can adopt a physiological mode bounded by two extremes: one extreme is adapted to starvation, involving reduced metabolic rates but also reduced capability to exploit prey, while the other is adapted to fast growth, allowing an efficient exploitation of prey, but at the expense of lowered starvation endurance.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of present study was to investigate the growth performance and hematological parameters of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii in three feeding strategies (satiation feeding, restricted feeding and starvation). We considered two body weights 465.75 ± 11.18 g and 250.40 ± 12 g for large fish and small fish, respectively. In a 45‐day experiment, eighteen fiberglass tanks were used for six triplicate treatments. In restricted feeding strategy, the fish were fed to 50% of satiation and starved treatments were an absolute feed deprivation throughout the experiment. At the end of 45‐day period, the hematological parameters were measured. The reduction of weight, condition factor and daily growth rate in the smaller fish was dramatically higher than the larger fish. Feed deprivation increased the rate of weight loss. Specific growth rate were negative in the large and small fish of starved treatments. The hematological results revealed no significant differences in except for the number of monocytes in larger fish. Large satiated fish showed the highest number of monocytes. In general, these strategies (restriction and deprivation) did not have any negative impacts on the hematological parameter in both sizes but respect to fish body weight, difference in total feed input between satiated and restricted treatments changed growth performance. It seems that restricted feeding (50% of satiation) in large fish was enough to achieve optimal growth while the amount of feed provided for small fish was not enough. Therefore; we can conclude that the restricted feeding is an effective strategy in rearing sturgeon at higher weight when the rearing condition is unsuitable.  相似文献   

17.
在自然界中,环境变化、季节更替和人为因素造成食物资源时空分布的不均一性,导致鱼类经常面临食物资源短缺的环境胁迫,对其能量代谢和行为造成一定影响。为考察食物资源短缺下暖水性鲤科鱼类能量代谢、个性与集群行为的应对策略及其可能的内在关联,选取中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼为实验对象,分别测定饥饿组(2周)和对照组(维持日粮)在处理前后实验鱼的标准代谢率(Standard metabolic rate,SMR)、个性行为(勇敢性、探索性和活跃性)以及实验处理后的集群行为(凝聚力和协调性)。研究发现:(1)饥饿组和对照组实验过程中实验鱼SMR均显著下降,但仅饥饿组实验鱼SMR具有重复性;(2)饥饿导致中华倒刺鲃幼鱼勇敢性、探索性、活跃性均显著增加;(3)饥饿导致群体成员间距离缩短,游泳速度及其同步性上升。研究表明:饥饿后的中华倒刺鲃不仅适应性降低SMR以减少能量消耗,而且呈现出更高的勇敢性、探索性和活跃性以利于获取食物资源;饥饿迫使中华倒刺鲃群体提高凝聚力和协调性,可能有助于提高群体的生存能力。  相似文献   

18.
本实验评价了饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白后对异育银鲫的生长、饲料利用、氮代谢和鱼体免疫力等的影响。实验设计4种等氮等能的饲料,每种3个重复,分别以豆粕替代饲料中鱼粉蛋白的0%(对照,D1)、20%(D2)、80%(D3)和100%(D4)。实验在半循环水养殖系统持续16周,鱼的初重约2.32g,实验期间水温23-30℃。结果表明,随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高,摄食率显著升高(P<0.05),特定生长率、饲料转化效率、蛋白沉积率和能量沉积率显著降低(P<0.05);蛋白表观消化率显著升高,干物质和能量表观消化率则显著降低(P<0.05);总氮摄入量、表观氮摄入量、粪氮排出量、非粪氮排泄量、总氮沉积率均随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高呈显著降低到的趋势(P< 0.05),生产每千克鱼的氮排放量则随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高显著升高(P< 0.05);血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯的含量显著升高,而胆固醇的含量显著降低(P<0.05);血清的溶菌酶显著降低,超氧化物岐化酶逐渐升高(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feeding rate of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) young of the year (YOY) and to investigate the effects of different feeding rates in maintaining the weight of fish during short periods of winter starvation. Six feeding rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0% body weight (BW) day?1 and feeding to satiation were considered for the first experiment. Each feeding rate was randomly assigned to three replicate tanks, with continuous feeding throughout a 5‐week winter period of water temperatures below 10°C. Fifteen fish were held in each of 18 tanks with an average initial body weight of 219.6 ± 6.9 g. After 5 weeks of feeding, the best performance was observed in fish fed 1% BW day?1, but negative growth was observed in fish fed 0.2% BW day?1. In the second experiment, fish were deprived of feed for 3 weeks at winter temperatures. Weights and condition factors of all fish decreased during starvation, while the differences in mean weight before and after the starvation period were not significant in fish fed a level of 0.2% BW day?1 and those fish fed to satiation. No mortality was recorded in either experiment. Results of this study indicate that a feeding rate of 1% BW day?1 would be sufficient for commercial fish farming of YOY of this species to maintain them over winter. Also, to maintain fish weights and prevent weight loss in overwintering ponds, a feeding rate of around 0.3% BW day?1 seems appropriate for hatcheries.  相似文献   

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