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1.
目的:分析膳食纤维摄入对心血管疾病风险因素影响的证据。方法:通过计算机检索在Web of Science、PubMed、EMBASE、CNKI数据库1950—2019年8月公开发表的有关膳食纤维和碳水化合物摄入量与心血管疾病发病风险的英文和中文文献。严格按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献,提取资料并评价质量,采用Rev Man 5.30进行Meta分析。结果:心血管疾病风险因素得到了改善,LDL的SMD值为-1.16 mmol/L,95%CI(-2.89,0.46);HDL的SMD值为0.08 mmol/L,95%CI(-0.29,0.46);收缩压(SBP)的SMD值为-0.028 mmHg,95%CI(-1.20,0.63);舒张压(DBP )的SMD值为-0.35 mmHg,95%CI(-0.96,0.25);肿瘤坏死因子-ɑ(TNF-ɑ)的SMD值为-0.36 pg/mL,95%CI(-2.50,-1.77);白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的SMD值为-1.26 pg/mL,95%CI(-4.96,-2.45)。结论:高膳食纤维可通过降低心血管病患者高风险因子水平辅助治疗心血管疾病。  相似文献   

2.
摘要 目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清Sestrin2水平与心血管疾病(CVDs)的关系及其预测价值。方法:选取2017年9月-2020年7月中国人民解放军东部战区总医院收治的198例T2DM患者,根据随访2年内CVDs发生情况分为非CVDs组(n=106)与CVDs组(n=92),比较两组血清Sestrin2水平、一般资料及实验室指标,多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM并发CVDs的影响因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Sestrin2水平对T2DM并发CVDs的预测效能。结果:与非CVDs组比较,CVDs组体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、尿酸(UA)、餐后2 h胰岛素(2hINS)、餐后2 h C肽(2hCP)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、Sestrin2明显增高(P<0.05),而两组在糖尿病病程、腰围、年龄、性别、吸烟史、血尿素氮(BUN)、饮酒史、血肌酐(SCr)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、心血管疾病家族史方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归模型结果显示,BMI、UA、2hINS、2hCP、Sestrin2水平增高为T2DM并发CVDs的危险因素(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线发现,血清Sestrin2对T2DM并发CVDs的预测效能较高,其曲线下面积(AUC)(95%CI)为:0.729(0.472~0.984),临界点为10.35 ng/mL。结论:血清Sestrin2在T2DM并发CVDs患者中呈高表达,与T2DM并发CVDs风险增加有关,其辅助临床预测T2DM患者并发CVDs风险的价值较高。  相似文献   

3.
摘要 目的:探血清铁蛋白(SF)及超氧化物歧化酶(sod)水平与2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的关系。方法:选择2017年6月至2019年12月我院接诊的120例2型糖尿病患者,根据病变发生情况分为病变组67例,未发生病变53例作为对照组,分析血清铁蛋白(SF)及sod在其中的表达及其预测小纤维神经病变的价值。结果:病变组铁蛋白(SF)水平显著高于对照组,sod水平显著低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);ROC结果显示,铁蛋白(SF)预测2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的AUC为0.924,95%CI为0.892~0.957,截断值为223.407 ng/mL ;sod预测2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的AUC为0.96,95%CI为0.944~0.987,截断值为126.862 U/mL;联合预测2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的AUC为0.993,95%CI为0.986~1.000,单独检测分别和联合检测曲线下面积比较均具有显著差异,联合检测的特异度、准确度分别为94.26%、95.16%。结论:在2型糖尿病小纤维神经病变患者中血清铁蛋白(SF)及sod的表达异常,对于疾病的进展有诊断意义,临床应给与关注。  相似文献   

4.
<正>心血管疾病是目前全球的头号死因,根据世界卫生组织2010年的报告,一年有1 730万人死于心血管疾病,占全球死亡总数的30%[1]。到2030年,死于心血管疾病(主要是冠心病和中风)的人数将增加至2 330万人[1,2],预计心血管疾病将继续成为单个首要死因[2]。那么在这么严峻的情况下,我们应该如何保护自己,如何降低患心血管疾病的风险呢?近期发表在国际著名医学杂志《英国医学会杂志》(BMJ)上的一篇荟萃分析研究或许能给我们一些提示。该研究综合统计了22项队列研究文献后发现,增加膳食中的纤维摄入与心血管疾病、冠心病风险  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心血管并发症发生风险关系。方法:选择82例CKD患者与21例健康体检者为研究对象,根据肾小球滤过率(e GFR)将CKD患者分成CKDl~2期组、CKD3~4期组和CKD5期组。检测和比较各组hs-CRP、B型钠尿肽前体(pro-BNP)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(Alb)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、血红蛋白(Hb)的水平,同时评估患者是否有心肌缺血及心室肥厚、心脏瓣膜钙化表现。结果:随着e GFR下降,CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平呈上升趋势,不同CKD分期患者血清hs-CRP水平之间差异具有统计学意义(P0.01),CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平与BUN、Cr、UA、P、TG、Hcy、pro-BNP水平之间均存在明显的正相关(P0.05);血清hs-CRP水平与白蛋白、Hb、Ca、HDL之间均存在明显的负相关(P0.05);血清hs-CRP水平与前白蛋白、胆固醇、LDL之间无显著相关性(P0.05)。以hs-CRP为因变量,其他相关指标为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析,结果显示尿酸、Hb、Hcy进入多元逐步回归方程。以心肌缺血是否阳性和瓣膜钙化是否阳性为因变量,hs-CRP为自变量做logistic回归分析,结果显示血清hs-CRP水平为心肌缺血和瓣膜钙化的危险因素(OR1)。结论:CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平升高与其肾功能降低密切相关,且为其发生心肌缺血、心脏瓣膜钙化的危险因素。  相似文献   

6.
摘要 目的:探讨膳食纤维添加联合中医推拿对幼儿功能性便秘的的疗效及安全性。方法:选择2017年1月~2020年6月在佛山市妇幼保健院儿科门诊诊治的135例功能性便秘幼儿作为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法分为A组(基础治疗组,42例)、B组(膳食纤维添加组,52例)及C组(膳食纤维添加联合中医推拿组,41例)。治疗四周后,比较三组患儿排便困难症状评分和治疗效果。监测三组患儿治疗期间发生不良反应情况。随访观察6个月,比较三组患儿复发率。结果:治疗后三组患儿排便困难、腹胀、排便频率及症状评分总分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中C组排便困难评分和症状评分总分低于A组和B组,B组和C组腹胀评分低于A组,C组排便频率评分低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组患儿总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组和B组总有效率高于A组的,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组总有效率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间三组患儿均未出现明显药物不良反应,如恶心、腹胀、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、皮疹等。三组复发率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组复发率明显低于对照组A组,差异有统计学(P<0.05)。结论:在常规治疗基础上,膳食纤维添加联合中医推拿治疗幼儿功能性便秘,能提高临床治疗效果,降低远期复发率,是幼儿便秘安全有效的治疗方法。  相似文献   

7.
目的:分析血清营养状态指标与膳食习惯的关联关系与意义。方法:采用横断面调查的数据,用标准问卷询问1694人相关信息,内容包括人口学资料、自报疾病现患史、膳食习惯、健康自评、认知功能信息;同时采集被调查人群血样本;测定血红蛋白、白蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12水平。采用R 3.2.5和SPSS 20.0软件进行相关和显著性差异分析。结果:人体血红蛋白、白蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12水平与被调查个体进食水果和鸡蛋习惯有密切关联;天天进食水果、鸡蛋的个体上述指标水平明显高于不进食此类食物的个体,且血红蛋白、白蛋白水平随增龄下降程度减低;天天进食水果习惯的个体同时具有天天进食蛋、奶、菜习惯;有进食水果习惯的人群表现为受教育程度高;自评健康状态好和相对自报患病率低等特点。结论:合理膳食习惯可保持较高的血营养状态指标水平;且延缓相关指标水平随增龄下降的程度。天天进食水果习惯可被视为合理膳食的指标,为膳食评估提供简易、可行、有效的指标。  相似文献   

8.
生物的许多生命现象多有其固有的周期,呈现出昼夜节律、月节律和年节律性。昼夜节律是人类生命活动最普遍存在的一种节律形式,但这种节律周期可能被现代许多生活方式所破坏。人群流行病学和动物实验研究表明昼夜节律的紊乱与2型糖尿病的发病危险相关,但其机制尚未完全阐明。胰岛β细胞缺陷是2型糖尿病发生发展的必要机制,而昼夜节律紊乱与胰岛β细胞缺陷有一定关联。本文结合最新研究进展阐述昼夜节律紊乱与胰岛β细胞缺陷的相关性及其可能机制。  相似文献   

9.
摘要 目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者微血管并发症(MC)发生的影响因素,构建并评价列线图预测模型的预测效能。方法:317例T2DM患者根据是否发生MC分为未发生组(n=221)和发生组(n=96)。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响因素,基于影响因素构建列线图预测模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析预测价值。结果:年龄偏大、病程长、高空腹血糖(FPG)、高糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平为老年T2DM患者发生MC的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。年龄、病程、FPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、LDL-C及列线图预测模型的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.799、0.769、0.649、0.704、0.678、0.705、0.950。结论:老年T2DM发生MC与年龄、病程、FPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、LDL-C密切相关。基于上述影响因素构建的列线图预测模型可以有效预测老年T2DM患者发生MC的风险。  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者代谢清除率(metabolic clearance rate,MCR)与血清游离脂肪酸(nonesterified fatty acid,NEFA)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)和胆固醇的相关性。方法:选择2014年10月至2016年12月我院收治的127例T2DM患者,测量患者身高、体重,并计算身体质量指数(BMI),进行口服糖耐量试验、胰岛素释放试验,检测血清脂质的水平。将T2DM患者按MCR值分为低MCR组(63例)、高MCR组(64例),比较两组间临床指标的差异,评价MCR、HOMA-IR与变量间的相关性。结果:T2DM患者BMI、TG、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1C)均高于参考值;T2DM患者低MCR组Hb A1C、空腹血糖、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和NEFA明显升高(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显降低(P0.05);相关分析显示:MCR与HDL-C呈显著正相关(P0.05,r=0.215),与TC、TG、LDL-C、Hb A1C、NEFA均呈显著负相关(P0.05;r=-0.191,-0.380,-0.216,-0.587,-0.356)。结论:2型糖尿病患者MCR降低,与Hb A1C与血清NEFA水平呈负相关。MCR不仅能评价胰岛素抵抗,而且能反映机体糖脂代谢水平。  相似文献   

11.

Objective

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes mellitus and statin treatment affect cholesterol metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate markers of cholesterol metabolism and determine their relationship with CVD in patients without diabetes mellitus who were not receiving statin treatment.

Methods

In addition to conventional CVD risk factors, plasma levels of campesterol and sitosterol (indicators of cholesterol absorption) and lathosterol (an indicator of cholesterol synthesis) were determined in 835 consecutive patients referred for coronary angiography. Coronary artery disease was evaluated by coronary angiograms, carotid atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease were assessed by Doppler ultrasound, and cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischemic attacks were identified by medical history.

Results

After excluding patients with known diabetes mellitus and those receiving statin treatment, 177 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to patients without CVDs (n = 111), patients with concomitant CVDs (n = 66) had a reduced lathosterol-to-cholesterol ratio (1.25 ± 0.61 vs. 1.38 ± 0.63, P < 0.05) and an increased campesterol-to-cholesterol ratio (1.81 ± 1.04 vs. 1.50 ± 0.69, P < 0.05), indicating that enhanced absorption and reduced synthesis of cholesterol is associated with CVD development. Logistic regression analysis including all established cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, total cholesterol, arterial hypertension, body mass index and smoking) revealed that campesterol and the campesterol-to-cholesterol ratio were significant predictors of concomitant CVD in this patient population.

Conclusion

In patients without diabetes mellitus, markers of enhanced cholesterol absorption were a strong predictor for concomitant CVD.  相似文献   

12.
膳食纤维与肠道健康   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
由于食物的精加工和生活习惯改变,运动减少,现代人的肠道健康状况下降,肠道疾病发病率不断增加,这已经影响到人们的身体健康和日常生活。肠道疾病的发生多与有毒有害物质在肠道内过久滞留,引起肠道环境改变恶化,进而损伤肠道细胞并引发各类炎症有关。本研究综述了59篇有关于膳食纤维和肠道相互作用的文献。研究表明摄入膳食纤维有助于促进肠道蠕动,保持大便顺畅,防止便秘,清除肠道内的有毒有害物质,保持肠道清洁和促进肠道内的益生菌生长等功效。而且,膳食纤维对肠易激综合征,炎症性肠病和肠癌等常见肠道疾病也具有一定的预防和治疗作用。综上,膳食纤维的摄人有益于保持肠道正常生理功能,修复和改善受损肠道环境,对于维护肠道健康有重要意义。  相似文献   

13.
STZ诱发实验恒河猴糖尿病性视网膜并发症模型的建立   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 建立糖尿病性视网膜并发症 (DiabeticRetinopathy ,DR)动物模型。方法 本研究选用 4只健康成熟的雄性恒河猴分别以剂量为 6 0mg kg、4 5mg kg静脉一次注射及 30mg kg静脉二次注射 (中间间隔 15d)链脲佐菌素 (Streptozotocin ,STZ)。结果 使用不同剂量的STZ注射恒河猴 ,分别造成了胰岛素依赖性糖尿病 (InsulinDepen dentDiabetesMellitus ,IDDM)及慢性持续性高血糖症 (StateofChronicHyperglycemia,SCH)两种类型的模型 ,从而诱导出不同程度的DR。眼底荧光造影结果显示∶用药后 6 3~ 91d4只实验猴均出现不同程度的视网膜病 ,分别显示早期眼底微血管动脉扩张 ,视网膜出血瘤 ,微血管瘤及新生血管、晚期白内障等。结论 本研究所建立的糖尿病性视网膜并发症模型 ,对于进一步研究糖尿病及其并发症的发病机理 ,筛选及开发治疗糖尿病性视网膜病的新药及药物安全性评价将会具有广阔的应用前景  相似文献   

14.
Annexins and disease   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
The annexins are a family of closely related calcium- and membrane-binding proteins expressed in most eukaryotic cell types. Despite their structural and biochemical similarities annexins have diverse functions, in cellular activities that include vesicle trafficking, cell division, apoptosis, calcium signalling, and growth regulation. To date there is no evidence to suggest that any individual member of the annexin family is a disease-causing gene, i.e., a gene that through loss, mutation, translocation or amplification leads to a known human disease. However, there is good evidence that in certain clinical conditions, changes in annexin expression levels or localisation may contribute to the pathological consequences and sequelae of disease. In this way, annexins are indirectly linked to some of the most serious human disease classes including cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this review we consider the roles played by annexins in disease and examine the molecular basis for anomalous annexin behaviour that may contribute to disease pathophysiology.  相似文献   

15.
    
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most widely known type of disorder of the endocrine system marked by hyperglycemia resulting either due to deficiency of insulin and or resistance. Persistent hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress and is suggested to play a prominent role in the pathophysiology underlying T2DM. Besides, oxidative stress can result in DNA damage leading to high cancer risk. Current study aimed to evaluate status of oxidative damage, damage to DNA and cancer biomarkers in regard to increased glucose in T2DM patients and to correlate the glycemic state with cancer. A total of 150 subjects consisting of control (50) and T2DM patients (1 0 0) were enrolled. Additionally, three tertiles were created among the two groups based on levels of HbA1c (Tertile I = 5.37 ± 0.34, n = 50; Tertile II = 6.74 ± 0.20, n = 50; Tertile III = 9.21 ± 1.47, n = 50). Oxidative stress parameters including malondialedehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes were measured. Damage to DNA was analyzed by measuring the levels of DNA damage adduct-8 hydroxy deoxy Guanosine (8-OHdG). To detect cancer resulting from oxidative stress, cancer biomarkers CEA, AFP, CA125, CA-15, CA19-9, prolactin were measured in these subjects. All measurements were analysed by SPSS software. Levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes altered significantly in T2DM group at p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 level of significance. Significant DNA damage accompanied with elevated levels of CEA, CA19-9 and decreased CA125, AFP and prolactin were noted in T2DM group. CA 19-9 and CEA levels increased at p < 0.05, whereas levels of prolactin decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in T2DM group compared to control. Additionally the mean values of DNA damage adduct 8-OHdG differ significantly at P < 0.01 between the two groups. However, no significant correlation in oxidative stress parameter, antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage and neither with the highest tertile of HbA1c (>7.5%) was noted. Based on the results obtained in the present study, we conclude that there is considerable change in oxidative stress and DNA damage in T2DM patients. Hence, assumption that the oxidative stress could cause cancer in T2DM as a result of hyperglycemic state was not speculated in this study.  相似文献   

16.
microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源性、非编码小分子RNAs(约22 nt),在基因表达调控中发挥关键作用。已有研究表明,miRNAs失调是造成多种人类疾病的原因,如癌症、病毒感染及自身免疫性疾病等。补充或抑制miRNAs功能与活性已成为多种疾病治疗的新策略,抗肿瘤miR-34 mimics、治疗HCV感染的anti-miR-122等基于miRNAs的治疗方案已进入临床试验。重点就miRNAs治疗在癌症及其他疾病中的最新研究进展进行综述,并对目前开发安全有效miRNAs治疗策略所面临的挑战进行分析。  相似文献   

17.
Prevention of high incidence of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is one of the challenges of endocrinology. Validation of new biomarkers that may contribute to a better assessment of cardiovascular risk and help implement treatment strategies is one of the promising approaches in research on prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key element in development of atherosclerotic lesions. Several pathophysiological characteristics of diabetes are crucial for the LDL of these patients to have higher modification rates as compared to the healthy population. Diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress synergistically promote the occurrence of lipoperoxidation, glycosylation and glycoxidation processes, which will generate modified lipoproteins that stimulate development of atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of different types of modified LDL in development of atherosclerosis in diabetes, as well as the possibility of using its quantification in cardiovascular risk prediction.  相似文献   

18.
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the hallmark for determining vitamin D status. Serum parathyroid hormone [PTH] increases progressively when 25(OH)D falls below 75 nmol/l. Concentrations of 25(OH)D below 50 nmol/l or even below 25 nmol/l are frequently observed in various population groups throughout the world. This paper highlights the relationship of vitamin D insufficiency with cardiovascular disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, two diseases that account for up to 50% of all deaths in western countries. There is evidence from patients with end-stage renal disease that high PTH concentrations are causally related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Activated vitamin D is able to increase survival in this patient group significantly. Moreover, already slightly enhanced PTH concentrations are associated with ventricular hypertrophy and coronary heart disease in the general population. Experimental studies have demonstrated that a lack of vitamin D action leads to hypertension in mice. Some intervention trials have also shown that vitamin D can reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. In young and elderly adults, serum 25(OH)D is inversely correlated with blood glucose concentrations and insulin resistance. Sun-deprived lifestyle, resulting in low cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, is the major factor for an insufficient vitamin D status. Unfortunately, vitamin D content of most foods is negligible. Moreover, fortified foods and over-the-counter supplements usually contain inadequate amounts of vitamin D to increase serum 25(OH)D to 75 nmol/l. As a consequence, legislation has to be changed to allow higher amounts of vitamin D in fortified foods and supplements.  相似文献   

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