“低等”金缕梅类植物的起源和散布

本文根据植物类群的系统发育和地理分布相统一的原理,讨论了“低等”金缕梅类植物的起 源和散布。 “低等”金缕梅类植物(Endress1989a的概念)包括下列7科：昆栏树科、水青树科、连香 树科、折扇叶科、领春木科、悬铃木科和金缕梅科。 该类群共有13种分布区类型,东亚区的南部和 印度支那区的北部是它的现代分布中心;根据化石证据及原始类群和外类群的分布分析,以上地区最 有可能是这类植物的起源地。 “低等”金缕梅类植物起源的时间至少可追溯到早白垩纪巴列姆期,较可 靠的化石证据说明悬铃木类植物在早白垩纪阿尔必晚期出现,而昆栏树科、水青树科、连香树科和金 缕梅科植物的出现均不晚于晚白垩纪。 最后,从环境变迁和生物演化两个方面探讨了“低等”金缕梅类植物现代分布格局的形成原因。     

天山南部早三叠世植物化石初步研究

在我国,有关早三叠世植物化石的正式报道还是近十年的事,本文是新疆早三叠世植物化石的首次报道,也是继山西沁水盆地(王立新、解志民和王自强,1978)及海南岛九曲江(周志炎、厉宝贤,1979)之后有关我国早三叠世植物化石的又一个记录。标本发现于西部边陲,由于地理位置及生态环境的差异,组成成分与前两个产地均不相同,植物种类丰富,有苔藓类?、有节类、真蕨类、种子蕨类、苏铁类、银杏类及松柏类等。既包括冈瓦那达穆达和潘切特植物群的分子,也含有与中亚马迪根植物群相同或相似的属种,西欧斑砂统和壳灰统及粘土煤层和芦草砂岩的一些属种,在这里也有产出。另外,在这个植物群中还见到我国南北晚三叠世植物群的一些属种。因此,新疆南部植物化石的发现,不仅为我国早三叠世植物群增添了新的内容。     

西藏地区晚白垩纪以来植物区系的发展

本文根据西藏科考队1974—1976年在西藏地区的昂仁县的日喀则群和东嘎地区的秋乌组、冈底斯山门士组(门士下组)及野马沟组(门士上组)、南木林县的乌龙组等处采集的植物化石,对晚白垩纪以来西藏地区植物区系的发展、与邻近地区的相互关系以及晚白垩纪—老第三纪初的植被和气候、新第三纪的植被和气候进行了讨论。在西藏发现可靠的桉属化石,联系该属化石在北半球的广泛分布及其他有花植物的相似分布特征,说明晚白垩—老第三纪初亚洲大陆和澳洲有连接的可能性。而新第三纪的植被和我国云南地区新第三纪的植被极相似,反映那时该区同属于一植物区系省。     

甘肃东部五村堡层中Zamiophyllum的发现

本文所介绍的植物化石是一种地理分布很广、地层上的分布则只限於下白垩纪的一种标准化石。它最先发现於欧洲下白垩纪的瓦尔登期(Wealden)的地层中,后来在北美的波托马居(Potomac Formation)及日本的领石统中都有大量发现。此化石除在日本有唯一的例外,一度见於略低的手取统(上侏罗纪)外,其余各处都是出现於下白垩纪的地层中,并且一向被认为是下白垩纪瓦尔登期植物群中具有代表性的重要份子之一.此种化石过去在中国从无报道,所以此次的发现无论就它的地理分布和封於决定所在地层的时代来说,都是颇有意义的.     

大庆油田介形类化石在油层对比中的应用

松辽盆地白垩纪地层颇为发育,剖面完整,地层分布广泛,沉积厚度大,其中含有丰富的化石,如介形类、叶肢介、腹足类、瓣鳃类、植物、少量的爬行类、昆虫及鱼类等。尤其是介形类化石分布广泛,数量多,保存很好。通过多年的地质勘探工作,古生物工作者对白垩纪地层中的介形类化石进行了较详细的研究,从纵向上建立了14个介形类化石组合(表Ⅰ),为区域地质勘探进行地层划分和对比起了一定的作用。在     

粤西怀集盆地白垩系马屋组的介形类化石

依据闸岗剖面地表及钻井样品的分析鉴定,粤西怀集盆地白垩纪闸岗群马屋组产介形类化石10属17种,本文描述其中9属14种,包括1新种。介形类组合以Eucypris最繁盛,次为Ziziphocypris和Darwinula,称Eucypris hubeiensis-Ziziphocypris simakovi-Darwinula leguminella组合。马屋组与湖北贾店组的介形类组合面貌非常相似,可以进行对比,层位大体相当,其时代应属早白垩世最晚期(Albian)-晚白垩世早期(Cenomanian)。     

河南吴城晚始新世的植物化石及其在植物学、古气候学上的意义

本文报道了从河南省桐柏县吴城盆地五里堆组采到的植物印痕化石,其中以旱生性形态的帕里宾属(Palibinia)和小叶的多种豆科植物占优势。描述并讨论了一个新种。根据该植物群的组合特征,确定五里堆组的地质时代为晚始新世。该植物群的生物学特性,指示桐柏吴城盆地一带当时为一干旱而炎热的气候区。这些植物化石的发现,在地质学、植物学和古气候的探讨上都具有一定的意义。1973年,我们对河南吴城盆地钻孔中的岩芯和露头中的植物化石进行了采集和研究。     

新疆北部上二叠统下苍房沟群植物化石特征

本文报道新疆北部准噶尔、吐鲁番二个盆地上二叠统下苍房沟群植物化石共15属25种。描述其中五个新种:?锯缘苏柏羊齿(?Supaia serrata),密脉普通羊齿(Tychtopteris densinervis),肥厚普通羊齿(Tychtopteris obesa),苍房沟异脉羊齿(Comia cangfanggouensis)和宽卵鳞叶(Lepeophyllum ovatum)。此外,还含有大量典型的安加拉植物群分子及少量的华夏植物群分子。前人认为新疆晚二叠世植物属典型的安加拉型。笔者通过对化石的综合分析,认为在安加拉植物区与华夏植物区的毗邻地区,如准噶尔盆地南缘及吐鲁番盆地,有二大植物区系分子混生和参差的情况。     

一个极有开发价值的化石森林景点

新疆准噶尔盆地东部,出露有大面积中生代侏罗纪、白垩纪地层,其东西长约200公里,南北宽约50公里。从1930年我国著名地质学家袁复礼教授在此发现奇台龙化石(Tianshansarus Chitaicnsis)以后,先后有许多中外地质、地理学家和工作者前往科学考察和地质调查,并发现了以卡拉麦里龙为代表的一批恐龙化石和多处硅化木化石点。笔者以开发亚洲大陆地理中心旅游资源的角度对这个地区进行了考察,四天中观察了两个主要的硅化木点、两个恐龙发掘点及著名的五彩城、火烧山。我们认为,这里的地质旅游资源很丰富,如绚丽多彩的侏罗纪地层、干旱区特有的风成地貌,尤其是壮观的化石森林景观具有极高的旅游价值,既有科学性,又有观赏性,应建立保护区,尽快开发成重要的古植物化石旅游景点。硅化木在准噶尔东部分布范围很广,西北地区区域地层表中记载,     

安徽含山含山组植物化石及时代

安徽含山县彭庄村西分布一套红色地层,假整合在富含植物化石的象山群中、下部之上,安徽区测队曾将其认作象山群上部(新近命名为含山组),并与南京地区北象山和中山陵前所见的紫红色砂、页岩层及皖南洪琴组对比。在它的近底部浅黄色泥岩中发现不少植物化石,还有瓣鳃类、叶肢介、鲎虫、介形类、腹足类及昆虫化石等。这些化石的发现为确定这段地层的时代提供了依据。苏皖两省长江沿线的象山群,均由两组由粗到细含煤线(或薄煤层)的碎屑岩(在南京地     

First mammal species identified from the Upper Cretaceous of the Rusca Montană Basin (Transylvania,Romania)

Multituberculate mammals are scarce in the Late Cretaceous of Europe, being recorded exclusively from the Maastrichtian terrestrial deposits of the Ha?eg and Transylvanian basins, in Romania. Moreover, they all belong to the endemic and primitive cimolodontan family Kogaionidae. Here, we report multituberculate teeth originating from the Maastrichtian fluviatile sediments of the Rusca Montan? Basin (Occidental Carpathians, Poiana Rusc? Mountains). This is the westernmost occurrence of these Cretaceous mammals in Romania. These teeth are assigned to Barbatodon oardaensis, the smallest Cretaceous kogaionid species. This study presents the first occurrence of this species outside the Metaliferi sedimentary area (southwestern Transylvania, Romania). The distribution of Romanian Maastrichtian kogaionids is also discussed.     

Discovery of charophyte flora across the Cretaceous–Paleocene transition in the Jiaolai Basin

Charophyte assemblages from the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary transition in the JZK-2 borehole of the Jiaolai Basin (eastern China) were studied. The charophyte flora includes Tolypella grambastii, Peckichara praecursoria, Microchara cristata, Microchara prolixa, Chara changzhouensis, Lamprothamnium ellipticum, Nodosochara (Turbochara) specialis, Lychnothamnus aff. vectensis, and Lychnothamnus lanpingensis n. comb. The discovery of the ostracod species Porpocypris sphaeroidalis Guan in the upper section of the JZK-2 borehole strongly indicates the arrival of the Paleocene. Three floras of the latest Cretaceous to the early Paleocene were compared among the Jiaolai, Pingyi, and Songliao basins. The Pingyi Basin is special because it is the only carbonate palaeolake that occurred throughout the K/Pg transition in China. It is characterized by the appearance of the Cretaceous brackish water element, Feistiella anluensis (Wang), and is dominated by the Paleocene species, Peckichara varians Grambast. The Songliao and Jiaolai floras grow in clastic lakes; the Jiaolai Basin is thought to correspond to an altitude lake, which was formed in the coastal mountains with high palaeoelevation (≥ 2.0 km), while the Songliao Basin is presumed to have been formed in a low elevation site according to previous studies. This difference in altitude explains why the Songliao Basin is more species-rich than the Jiaolai Basin.     

Evidence of a phylogeographic break in the Romanian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population from the Carpathians

We analysed 33 brown bears from the Romanian Carpathians and the Italian Apennines at sequences of the mitochondrial control region and nine polymorphic microsatellite loci with regard to genetic variability and haplotype distribution. The Italian brown bears were monomorphic for mtDNA sequences. The Romanian bears yielded the highest variability found so far in this species. Haplotypes of both previously identified mtDNA lineages (western and eastern) were found in Romania. In the eastern part of the Carpathians western and eastern haplotypes occurred sympatrically, the bears from the western part of the mountain range only exhibited western-type sequences. This pattern provides evidence of a mitochondrial phylogeographic break in the distribution of the eastern lineage within the Romanian Carpathians. Conservation implications of this finding are discussed.     

The Middle Jurassic flora from Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK

The Stonesfield 'Slate' of Oxfordshire has yielded a diverse Middle Jurassic flora, containing 25 morphospecies, dominated by remains of araucariacean and cheirolepidiacean conifers, bennettitaleans, and leaves of the possible gymnosperm Pelourdea . It mainly represents coastal vegetation, which included mangrove-like stands of Ptilophyllum , and conifers probably growing in lowland coastal habitats that were subjected to periodic water-stress. The Pelourdea leaves may have drifted in from drier, more upland habitats. The flora is similar, but not identical to, the slightly older floras from the Cotswold 'Slate' of Gloucestershire, such as from Eyeford and Sevenhampton. Also comparable are the contemporaneous floras preserved in marine deposits in France and the Venetian Alps of Italy. It is quite different from the Middle Jurassic flora of Yorkshire, which is thought to represent vegetation growing in deltaic habitats. The new combinations Ptilophyllum pectiniformis (Sternberg), Komlopteris speciosa (Ettingshausen) and Pachypteris macrophylla (Brongniart) are proposed for species found at Stonesfield. Nilssoniopteris solitarium (Phillips) comb. nov. is proposed for the species previously named Nilssoniopteris vittata (Brongniart). Taeniopteris vittata Brongniart is retained as the type species of Taeniopteris , a morphogenus to be used for entire cycadophyte leaves that cannot be definitely assigned to the cycads or bennettitaleans. Conites is shown to be an earlier nomenclatural synonym of Bucklandia , to be used for casts and compressions of cycadophyte stems. This requires a number of new combinations for species that have hitherto been included in Bucklandia : Conites anomala (Stokes and Webb), C. gigas (Seward), C. indica (Seward), C. milleriana (Carruthers), C. pustulosa (Harris) and C. yatesii (Carruthers).     

Early Cretaceous record of microboring organisms in skeletons of growing corals

Ko?odziej, B., Golubic, S., Bucur, I.I., Radtke, G. & Tribollet, A. 2011: Early Cretaceous record of microboring organisms in skeletons of growing corals. Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 34–45. A spectacularly preserved assemblage of microbial euendoliths, penetrating into skeletons of growing scleractinian corals, has been recognized in Early Aptian (Early Cretaceous) reef limestone of the Rar?u Mountains (East Carpathians, NE Romania). Microboring euendolithic filaments were found in five coral colonies of the suborder Microsolenina. They remained in part well‐preserved, often impregnated with iron oxides, which made them visible even in strongly recrystallized parts of coral skeletons. Filaments of a wide range of sizes (2–40 μm in diameter) were concentrated within medium parts of coral septa, oriented along the septa in the direction of the coral growth. The larger filaments were tubular, occurring in bundles and branched into finer, often tapering branches. Their behaviour and organization were quite similar to the modern euendolithic siphonalean chlorophyte Ostreobium. Filament diameters exceeded those reported for the modern species, but covered a similarly wide size range. Narrower frequently branching filaments, 4–8 μm in diameter, resemble distal branching patterns of modern Ostreobium quekettii. Some very thin filaments (ca. 1–2 μm) observed within skeleton or inside the large tubular filaments, sometimes associated with globular swellings, may represent euendolithic fungi. The recrystallization of coral skeleton had limited effect on preservation of euendoliths due to their impregnation with iron oxides; microbial euendoliths were subjected to different taphonomic changes. □Chlorophytes, Early Cretaceous, fungi, microbial euendoliths, Romania, scleractinian corals.     

辽西早白垩世义县组Ruffordia和Nageiopsis的发现及其地层意义

报道辽西义县组两种颇具地层意义的植物化石。Ruffordia goeppertii(Dunker)Seward和Nageiopsis exgr.samioides(Fontaine)berry,根据植物化石认为义县组的时代应属于早白垩世。     

Cretaceous diversification of angiosperms in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula

The classic leaf fossil floras from the Cretaceous of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, which were first described more than one hundred years ago, have played an important role in the development of ideas on the early evolution of angiosperms. Insights into the nature of vegetational change in the Lusitanian Basin through the Cretaceous have also come from studies of fossil pollen and spores, but the discovery of a series of mesofossil floras containing well-preserved angiosperm reproductive structures has provided a new basis for understanding the systematic relationships and biology of angiosperms at several stratigraphic levels through the Cretaceous. In the earliest mesofossil floras from the Torres Vedras locality, which are of probable Late Barremian-Early Aptian age, angiosperms are surprisingly diverse with about 50 different taxa. In slightly later mesofossil floras, which are of probable Late Aptian-Early Albian age, the diversity of angiosperms is still more substantial with more than hundred different kinds of angiosperm reproductive structures recognized from the Famalicão locality alone. However, this early diversity is largely among angiosperm lineages that produced monoaperturate pollen (e.g., Chloranthaceae, Nymphaeales) and early diverging monocots (Alismatales). Eudicots are rare in these Early Cretaceous mesofossil floras, but already by the Late Cenomanian the vegetation of the western Iberian Peninsula is dominated by angiosperms belonging to various groups of core eudicots. The Normapolles complex is a particularly conspicuous element in both mesofossil floras and in palynological assemblages. In the Late Cretaceous mesofossil floras from Esgueira and Mira, which are of Campanian-Maastrichtian age, core eudicots are also floristically dominant and flowers show great organisational similarity to fossil flowers from other Late Cretaceous floras described from other localities in Asia, Europe and North America.     

Molecular evidence for historic long-distance translocations of brown bears in the Balkan region

We tested the hypothesis that brown bears were translocated from the Romanian Carpathians to Bulgaria via air transportation during the communist regime in the 1970s and 1980s. Microsatellite analysis was performed on 199 bear samples from Bulgaria and Romania. Assignment and admixture tests revealed the existence of seven genotypes (=2.8 %) in Bulgaria that were assigned with high probabilities to the Romanian population, supporting the translocation and successful establishment of Carpathian bears in Bulgaria. While we cannot rule out the possibility that active long-distance dispersal contributed to the observed pattern, the spatial distribution and sex ratio of the detected Romanian genotypes strongly favor the translocation hypothesis.     

Biogeography,ecology and conservation of Erebia oeme (Hübner) in the Carpathians (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

The European endemic Erebia oeme (Hübner [1804]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) is discovered in the Carpathian Chain, from where it was considered to be absent. The single population found is situated in the southern part of the Romanian Carpathians (Retezat Mountains), where it flies sympatrically and synchronically with Erebia medusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller] 1775). The similar external morphology of these two species probably caused E. oeme to be overlooked in the Carpathians, leading to an unexpected information gap in the otherwise thoroughly studied European continent. The morphology of the Romanian specimens is compared to populations from the rest of the species’ range and to E. medusa. In addition, we tested DNA barcoding as a method to discriminate between these species and confirmed that it represents an effective identification tool for the taxa involved. The habitat of E. oeme, adults of both sexes and their genitalia are illustrated in comparison with E. medusa. Based on the study of several collections, we show that E. oeme is likely to be extremely local in the Carpathians and provide arguments to consider the species as vulnerable in Romania.     

DIVERSITY, TAPHONOMY and PALAEOECOLOGY OF AN ANGIOSPERM FLORA FROM THE CRETACEOUS (CENOMANIAN–CONIACIAN) IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA

Abstract:  This paper describes the diversity, taphonomy and palaeoecology of angiosperm leaves that dominate a palaeoflora of Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Coniacian) age from the Mata Amarilla Formation in the Austral Basin, south-west Patagonia, Argentina. Twelve morphotypes of angiosperm leaves are recognized based on foliar morphotype analysis of more than 500 specimens. These were divided into six morphological groups based on major architectural patterns. The relative dominance of these morphotypes, mode of preservation and relationship with sedimentary facies were evaluated from two levels within the formation. This analysis identified two different plant palaeocommunities. The lower, María Elena, level (MEL) was deposited in a marine coastal area on a subaerial delta plain; the dominant angiosperm morphotypes preserved in it are group 1 (MA100) and group 2 (MA101, 102); morphotypes MA109 and 110 are scarce but exclusive to this level. The upper, Mata Amarilla, level (MAL), accumulated inland in flood-plain environments; the most abundant angiosperm morphotypes are groups 3 (MA103–105), 4 (MA106) and 1 (MA100); morphotypes MA103–105 and 108 are exclusive to this level. Comparisons with other floras of similar age from Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand indicate that the Mata Amarilla flora has a slightly higher morphological diversity of angiosperm leaves, providing the first evidence for an angiosperm-dominated early Late Cretaceous macroflora in south-west Gondwana.