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1.
植原体的最新分类研究动态   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
简要介绍了植原体分类研究历史与现状,综述了最新的植原体分类方法和植原体候选种的描述规则,指出了我国在植原体分类鉴定方面与当今世界先进水平的差距及今后发展方向.  相似文献   

2.
从20世纪60年代末发现植原体以来,目前已发现的植原体已有300多种,其中有多种植原体危害经济作物。综述了国内外植原体检测方法与分类研究。  相似文献   

3.
柳树黄化病植原体的分子分类   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
[目的]柳树黄化病是一种重要的植原体病害,本研究旨在明确柳树黄化病植原体(Willow Yellow phytoplasma,WY)的分类地位,为进一步开展致病性和防治研究奠定基础.[方法]采用植原体特异引物通过PCR方法从患病植株DNA中扩增植原体16S rDNA基因和核糖体蛋白基因(ribosomal proteins gene,rp),对所得的序列进行分析,构建同源进化树,并用限制性片段长度多态性(RFTJP)对巢式PCR产物进行分析.[结果]首次从柳树黄化病植原体中分离出了16S rDNA基因和rp基因,大小分别为1246 bp和1212 bp.通过对植原体16S rDNA和rp基因的核苷酸同源性比较和RFLP分析,发现该分离物与16S rI组的核苷酸同源性均在99%以上,与16S rI-C亚组中的小麦蓝矮病植原体同源性高达99.8%(16Sr DNA)和99.6%(rp),且RFLP分析与16SrI-C亚组的植原体有相同的酶切条带.[结论]柳树黄化植原体应划分于16SrI-C亚组.  相似文献   

4.
植原体是引起众多植物病害的一类重要的无细胞壁的原核致病菌, 其寄主种类多、危害面积广, 对经济、环境等影响严重。大量研究表明植原体存在丰富的遗传多样性。本文就植原体遗传多样性研究现状作一概要评述, 并对植原体遗传变异的研究技术、产生机制、与致病性关系等今后可能的研究方向作一展望。对已完成的5个植原体全基因组序列分析发现, 它们在大小、结构和功能等方面皆存在显著差异, 缺少很多标准代谢所需的基因。不同植原体中质粒的数量、大小和功能等也存在一定差异。植原体含有2个核糖体RNA编码基因, 其序列在不同株系中的变异奠定了现今植原体分类鉴定的基础。对植原体蛋白编码基因如核糖体蛋白编码基因(rp)、蛋白延伸因子基因(tuffusA)、转运蛋白基因(secYsecA)、效应子及非编码区序列如启动子、假基因等的深入研究可进一步揭示植原体更丰富的遗传变异特征。由于植原体分离培养困难, 人们对其形态特征、生理代谢等了解甚少, 因而全基因组测序、多位点序列分析等现代分子生物学技术将会成为植原体遗传变异研究的主要手段。植原体遗传多样性研究进展有助于从分子水平上系统地阐明植原体遗传变异规律、系统进化特征及其与寄主(植物和昆虫)、生态环境间的互作和适应关系, 并产生新的认识。这对于提高植原体的分类鉴定、致病机制、流行预测及病害防治等研究水平具有重要的作用和意义。  相似文献   

5.
植原体DNA提取方法的改良   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
在总结多种植原体DNA提取方法的基础上 ,发展了一种提取植原体DNA新方法。用此方法提取的DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测到大于 15kb的DNA主带 ,基本无DNA碎带 ,不用RNase处理 ,也无RNA干扰 ,OD2 60 / 2 80 值显示产物纯度较高 ,无需任何处理 ,即可以作为模板扩增  相似文献   

6.
植物黄化病是一种常见的而且危害严重的病害.近年来,外来有害生物的入侵给我国造成了巨额经济损失,并且对我国农林业生产安全和生态环境造成了严重的威胁,对植物检疫工作提出了新挑战.对几种由植原体引起的植物黄化病的症状、病原分类及其检疫技术和综合防控措施进行综述.  相似文献   

7.
以报道的植原体 (Phytoplasma)16SrDNA基因保守序列为依据,设计合成了两对引物对R16mF2/ R16mR2和R16F2/ R16R2,以甘薯丛枝病(SPWB)带病植株的叶脉中提取的DNA为模板,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术和巢式PCR(Nested- PCR)技术对甘薯丛枝病病原进行分子检测。结果表明PCR扩增出了1.5 kb的特异片段,在PCR基础上的巢式PCR扩增出了1.2 kb的特异片段。灵敏度实验显示该方法所需PCR模板DNA量为0.1073 ng/μl,在PCR基础上的巢式PCR可以将灵敏度提高约10000倍,所需模板DNA仅为0.01073 pg/μl,在甘薯丛枝病的检测中是一种快速、灵敏、可靠的方法。  相似文献   

8.
枣疯病植原体实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:建立枣疯病植原体拷贝数检测实时荧光定量PCR方法,为枣疯病植原体定量检测提供技术支持。方法:构建质粒标准品,设计实时荧光PCR探针引物,优化体系,建立标准曲线,并进行重复性验证。结果:制备了枣疯病植原体标准质粒,建立了稳定的质粒标准品检测体系(R2=0.998,检测限10拷贝,定量限100拷贝)。结论:实时荧光定量PCR检测方法重复性好,可用于枣疯病植原体的拷贝数检测,为枣疯病植原体检验检测和病害防治提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

9.
甘薯丛枝病植原体的PCR检测   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以报道的植原体(Phytoplasma)16SrDNA基因保守序列为依据,设计合成了两对引物对R16mF2/R16mR2和R16F2/R16R2,以甘薯丛枝病(SPWB)带病植株的叶脉中提取的DNA为模板,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术和巢式PCR(Nested-PCR)技术对甘薯丛枝病病原进行分子检测。结果表明PCR扩增出了1.5kb的特异片段,在PCB基础上的巢式PCR扩增出了1.2kb的特异片段,灵敏度实验显示该方法所需PCR模板DNA量为0.1073ng/ul在PCR的基础上的巢度PCR可以将灵敏度提高约10000倍,所需模板DNA仅为0.01073pg/ul,在甘薯丛枝病的检测中是一种快速,灵敏,可靠的方法。  相似文献   

10.
将猪鼻支原体和泡桐丛枝病植原体的16S rDNA进行PCR扩增,分别得到一条1 kb左右的扩增片段。PCR扩增产物用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ、BamHⅠ、SalⅠ和SmaⅠ进行RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性)分析,发现用RFLP分析猪鼻支原体和泡桐丛枝病植原体16S rDNA序列同源性的相关系数为0.72。  相似文献   

11.
During field surveys conducted in northern Jordan from June to November 2020, phytoplasma-like symptoms, including leaf yellowing/reddening and rolling, little leaf and witches' broom were observed in pomegranate. Disease incidence in 22 surveyed orchards ranged from 30% to 65%. Nested PCR-based amplification of 16S rRNA gene detected phytoplasmas in 17% of collected symptomatic pomegranate trees. Amplicon nucleotide sequence analyses allowed attributing the detected phytoplasmas to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’, ‘Ca. P. asteris’ and ‘Ca. P. ulmi’. These phytoplasmas were found in plants showing specific symptoms and differentially distributed in the considered locations. Additionally, three cicadellids (Macrosteles sexnotatus, Cicadulina bipunctata and Psammotettix striatus) and two non-crop plants (Plantago major and Capsicum annuum) resulted hosting ‘Ca. P. asteris’ strains, and one cicadellid (Balclutha incisa) was carrying a ‘Ca. P. solani’ strain. A new pomegranate disease complex associated with multiple phytoplasmas, including ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’ and ‘Ca. P. ulmi’, never reported before in this host plant, is described here. Moreover, preliminary indications are provided on its possible epidemiology in Jordan, involving two putative insect vectors (M. sexnotatus, B. incisa) first reported in the Country.  相似文献   

12.
    
During field surveys conducted in 2020 in Jordanian orchards, phytoplasma-like symptoms (leaf yellowing/reddening and rolling, and witches'-broom) were observed in three stone fruit species (peach, European plum, sweet cherry) and persimmon. Molecular analyses identified phytoplasma strains belonging to the species ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (subgroup 16SrXII-A) as largely prevalent in stone fruit and persimmon symptomatic plants. Moreover, ‘Ca. Phytoplasma omanense’ (16SrXXIX-B) was found in few European plum symptomatic plants. In previous studies, such phytoplasma strains were identified in other important crops (almond, pomegranate, and grapevine) and in several putative insect vectors, suggesting their complex ecology in Jordan. Further studies are needed to in-depth investigate the diffusion of phytoplasma-associated diseases of stone fruits throughout the Country, to clarify their aetiology, and to study their epidemiological pattern(s).  相似文献   

13.
    
Stone fruits are affected by several diseases associated with plant pathogenic phytoplasmas. Previous studies have been shown that phytoplasma agents of almond and GF‐677 witches'‐broom (AlmWB and GWB, respectively) diseases belong to pigeon pea witches'‐broom (16SrIX) phytoplasma group. In this study, partial biological and molecular characterization was used to compare and classify phytoplasma agents of Khafr AlmWB (KAlmWB) and Estahban GWB (EGWB) diseases. Production of different symptoms in periwinkle indicated that agents of KAlmWB and EGWB are differentiable. Expected fragments were amplified from diseased almond and GF‐677 trees in direct PCR using phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and rpF1/rpR1 and nested PCR using P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/ R16R2 primer pair. 16S‐rDNA Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) as well as phylogenetic analysis of rplV‐rpsC and 16S–23S rRNA spacer region sequences classified KAlmWB and EGWB phytoplasmas within 16SrIX‐C (rpIX‐C) and 16SrIX‐B (rpIX‐B) subgroups, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
    
Symptoms suggestive of phytoplasma diseases were observed in infected sweet cherry trees growing in the central regions of Iran. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomatic trees by the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) using phytoplasma universal primer pairs (P1/Tint, PA2F/R, R16F2/R2 and NPA2F/R). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of 485 bp DNA fragments amplified in nested PCR revealed that different phytoplamas were associated with infected trees. Sequence analyses of phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S intergenic spacer region indicated that the phytoplasmas related to ' Ca. Phytoplasma asteris ' and peanut WB group infect sweet cherry trees in these regions. This is the first report of the presence of phytoplasmas related to ' Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' and peanut WB group in sweet cherry trees.  相似文献   

15.
    
In 2010, tomato plants with big bud symptoms were observed in Xinjiang, China. PCR products of approximately 1.2 and 2.8 kb were amplified from infected tomato tissues but not from asymptomatic plants. A comparison of 16S rDNA sequences showed that the casual tomato big bud (TBB) phytoplasma was closely (99%) related to the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ (16SrVI group). The TBB phytoplasma clustered into one branch with the Loofah witches'‐broom phytoplasma according to the 23S rDNA analysis but with no other member of the 16SrVI group. The cause of TBB symptoms was identified as ‘Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' (16SrVI group) by PCR, virtual RFLP and sequencing analyses. This is the first report of a phytoplasma related to ‘Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' causing TBB disease in China.  相似文献   

16.
    
The stolbur phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ is responsible for the grapevine disease ‘bois noir’ affecting a number of wine‐growing areas in Europe. Transmission of stolbur phytoplasma to different laboratory hosts can be difficult due to the requirement of transmitting insect vectors or parasite plants. Here, heterologous grafting was used as an alternative technique for transmission of common and strongly symptomatic stolbur genotypes CPsM4_At1 and CPsM4_At6 of ‘Ca. P. solani’ to experimental host plants such as Catharanthus roseus and tomato making phytoplasma strains more accessible for molecular and experimental investigations in different plant species. Transmission was confirmed by quantitative PCR, microscopy and nested PCR followed by marker gene sequencing. In our study, the transmission of different genotypes of ‘Ca. P. solani’ resulted in distinguishable symptom development in the laboratory host C. roseus. Symptom development in grafted rootstock was observed three to 7 weeks after heterologous grafting. Survival of the graft unit was influenced by the presence of ‘Ca. P. solani’ in the scions and was clearly reduced in phytoplasma free scion – rootstock combinations.  相似文献   

17.
    
Sandal (Santalum album) is an industrially important forest species in India, where it is devastated by sandal spike (SAS) disease. Diseased S. album trees show characteristic witches’ broom symptoms suspected to be caused by phytoplasma. Since the first report of occurrence of this disease at the end of 19th century, studies mainly have been carried out to detect SAS phytoplasma through various approaches. The causative agent, however, has remained poorly characterised at a molecular level. The present investigation was aimed to characterise the pathogen at this level. In nested PCR, a 1.4‐kb 16S rDNA fragment was amplified and analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using 17 restriction enzymes. The patterns were identical to those of strains AY1 and APh of the aster yellows subgroup 16SrI‐B, except for BfaI, which gave a different pattern. After cloning and sequencing, a phylogenetic analysis revealed the closest relationship to aster yellows subgroup 16SrI‐B members. Nucleotide sequence identity ranged from 99.2% to 99.5% with this subgroup. On the basis of these results, the SAS phytoplasma was classified as a member of subgroup 16SrI‐B.  相似文献   

18.
    
Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia Presl), an evergreen tree native to China, is a multifaceted medicinal plant. The stem bark of cinnamon is used worldwide in traditional and modern medicines and is one of the most popular cooking spices. In recent years, cinnamon with pronounced yellow leaf symptoms has been observed in their natural habitat in Hainan, China. Phytoplasmas were detected from symptomatic cinnamon trees via polymerase chain reaction using phytoplasma universal primers P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2. No amplification products were obtained from templates of asymptomatic cinnamon trees. These results indicated a direct association between phytoplasma infection and the cinnamon yellow leaf (CYL) disease. Sequence analysis of the CYL phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene determined that CYL phytoplasma is a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiae’‐related strain. Furthermore, virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern analysis and phylogenetic studies showed that CYL phytoplasma belongs to the peanut witches’‐broom (16SrII) group, subgroup A. This is the first report of a 16SrII group phytoplasma infecting cinnamon under natural conditions.  相似文献   

19.
    
Aster yellows (AY) phytoplasmas (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) are associated with a number of plant diseases throughout the world. Several insect vectors are responsible for spreading AY diseases resulting in wide distribution and low host specificity. Because the role of sucking insects as vectors of phytoplasmas is widely documented, and the citrus flatid planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa is a phloem feeder, it has been incriminated as a possible vector of phytoplasmas. However, its ability to transfer phytoplasma has not been confirmed. The present work shows that M. pruinosa (Hemiptera: Flatidae), a polyphagous planthopper, is able to vector Ca. P. asteris to French marigold (Tagetes patula). Transmission experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in central Hungary by two approaches: (a) AY-infected M. pruinosa were collected from an area with severe incidence of the disease on T. patula and caged on test plants for an inoculation-access period of 2 weeks, and (b) presumably phytoplasma-free insects were collected from apparently healthy grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and fed on AY-infected T. patula plants for 2 weeks prior to being caged on test plants. AY disease symptoms developed on 4 out of 10 and 10 out of 15 test plants, respectively. All phytoplasma-positive marigold and M. pruinosa samples showed identical RFLP patterns and shared 100% 16S rDNA sequence identity with each other and with the aster yellows phytoplasma strain AJ33 (GenBank accession number MK992774). These results indicated that the phytoplasma belonged to the phytoplasma subgroup 16SrI-B Ca. P. asteris. Therefore, the work presented here provides experimental evidence that M. pruinosa is a vector of a 16SrI-B subgroup phytoplasma to T. patula.  相似文献   

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