大鳞副泥鳅3个Dmrt基因DM保守区的序列分析

摘要: 利用简并PCR克隆技术, 扩增和克隆了大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)Dmrt基因的DM结构域, 获得了3个具有不同DM序列的克隆。结果表明, 在大鳞副泥鳅基因组中存在Dmrt基因家族的多个成员。同源性比较和系统进化分析显示不同进化地位脊椎动物的Dmrt基因存在高度的进化保守性     

胡子鲇Dmrt1基因全长cDNA克隆及其表达分析

以胡子鲇(Clarias fuscus)为研究对象,利用RT-PCR技术和SMART RACE技术克隆获得Dmrt1基因cDNA全长,并利用生物信息学分析其结构及功能;利用半定量RT-PCR技术检测胡子鲇性腺(精巢/卵巢)、肌肉、肠、肝脏、心脏、头肾、鳃丝、脑和眼等10种组织以及Ⅱ—Ⅴ期精巢中Dmrt1基因表达。结果表明:胡子鲇Dmrt1基因cDNA全长为1417 bp,其中5′非编码区(5′-UTR)为35 bp,3′非编码区(3′-UTR)为516 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)包含864 bp,编码287个氨基酸(aa),预测所编码DMRT1为主要位于细胞核内的不稳定性亲水蛋白。氨基酸序列比对显示,胡子鲇DMRT1与已公布的非洲胡子鲇、蟾胡子鲇、黄颡鱼等鲇形目鱼类的相似性为83.3%—96.1%。胡子鲇DMRT1中具有DMRT基因家族共有的、保守性很高的DM结构域,此结构域具有典型的"C2H2C4"锌指结构,与上述鲇形目鱼类的相似性达100%,与斑马鱼、青鳉、虹鳟等鱼类的相似性为91.9%—97.3%,而与鸡、鼠、猪人等的相似性达80%以上。组织表达显示,胡子鲇Dmrt1基因仅在精巢中表达,且Ⅱ期精巢(即精子发生期)中Dmrt1基因表达量显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ期精巢(P<0.05),而卵巢及其他8种组织中均无表达,表明Dmrt1是胡子鲇精巢特异性表达基因,可能与胡子鲇的雄性性别决定、精子发生及精巢发育密切相关。     

鲫Dmrt3基因的克隆和表达分析

DMRT家族是一个与性别决定相关的转录因子家族。为了研究家族成员之一的Dmrt3在我国重要养殖鱼类鲫胚胎发育、性别分化中的功能以及在育种中的作用,我们克隆了鲫Dmrt3基因的cDNA全长,并对Dmrt3基因在发育早期和不同组织中的表达进行了分析。结果显示:鲫Dmrt3基因cDNA全长为2182 bp,其中5￠端非编码区408 bp,3'端非编码区427 bp,开放阅读框1347 bp,编码448个氨基酸。蛋白结构预测显示DMRT3除了正常的DM结构域外,还有DMA结构域,在进化上与DMRT4和DMRT5的亲缘关系更近。巢式RT-PCR分析结果表明Dmrt3直到尾芽期才开始有微量表达,表达量在15体节期有明显增加但仍然处在一个较低的水平;在成体组织中只在精巢中检测到表达。这种表达时空模式提示Dmrt3可能在早期器官发生和雄性性腺发育调控中起作用。对Dmrt3启动子CpG岛的甲基化分析表明所检测的组织和配子中并不发生甲基化,说明这种雌雄特异性和组织特异性差异表达并不是通过对该基因启动子的差异甲基化修饰来调控的。此外,我们还发现了鲫Dmrt3的一个由逆转录产物形成的假基因pDmrt3。这些结果为进一步研究鲫Dmrt3在性别分化中的作用和评估其在鲫性别控制育种中的价值,以及分析DMRT家族的进化关系提供了基础资料。       

真骨鱼类DMRT基因家族的连锁结构及其系统发生

利用已经报道的多个物种基因组序列资源,我们通过比较真骨鱼类（Teleost fish）共有的DMRT1-5基因所在染色体位置的基因组结构特征,从基因组水平证明了真骨鱼类和四足动物的相应DMRT基因的直系同源关系,揭示了DMRT4和DMRT5是因为真骨鱼类和四足动物的共同祖先发生了染色体重复事件而由同一基因分歧演变形成的。同时通过基因连锁分析,探测到包括SNF2和elavL家族基因在内的多个可能与DMRT基因功能密切相关的基因,为进一步研究DMRT基因和它们之间可能存在的调控机制提供了新的线索。     

奥利亚罗非鱼DMRT1,DMO基因片段的克隆及序列分析

根据其他鱼类DMRT基因中的保守序列设计了一对简并引物,利用RT-PCR扩增了雌雄奥利亚罗非鱼的DMRT基因,并对其扩增产物进行了克隆与测序。结果在雌雄奥利亚罗非鱼个体中获得了两个不同的片段,分别命名为DMO,DMRT1基因。序列同源性分析表明,奥利亚罗非鱼DMRT1,DMO cNA系列的同源性为61.78%,氨基酸同源性为86%,说明了DMRT基因存在性别差异。与尼罗罗非鱼、红鳍东方豚、虹鳟、青鱼将等鱼类DM保守区相比,氨基酸序列同源性为86%-100%,这充分显示了DM-RT基因在进化上的高度保守性。     

中国大鲵 Dmrt 基因 DM 结构域的克隆及序列分析

Dmrt 基因家族是一个与性别决定相关的基因家族,该家族成员共有一个具有 DNA 结合能力的保守基序-DM 结构域。为了进一步探讨该家族在系统进化中的保守性,本研究通过简并 PCR 技术,扩增并克隆了中国大鲵（Andrias davidianus）基因组中的 DM 结构域。序列分析显示,中国大鲵基因组中存在 Dmrt 基因的 DM 结构域。其核酸序列与猕猴、青鳉、人、小鼠、牛、热带爪蟾相应 Dmrt 基因 DM 结构域的相似性分别为 91%、92%、92%、89%、91%、84%。其蛋白序列与上述物种的相似性均为91%,表现为4个氨基酸的变异。即第 19、34、36 和 45 位的精氨酸分别由半胱氨酸、谷胱酰胺、色氨酸和谷胱酰胺所取代。这些氨基酸的变化对其蛋白总体的三维构型没有显著影响。聚类分析结果表明,不同进化地位物种的 Dmrt 基因 DM 结构域编码序列存在高度的同源性,显示 Dmrt 基因在系统进化上的高度保守。     

黑鲷DMRT1基因cDNA的克隆、组织表达谱及在性别逆转前后性腺中的表达

利用RT—PCR和3′-RACE的方法从黑鲷精巢中克隆丁DMRT1基因cDNA的部分序列。组织特异性表达分析表明DMRT1基因只在精巢中表达,半定量RT—PCR检测显示DMRT1基因在性别逆转前、性别逆转期和性别逆转后的精巢中的表达量无显著差异,在鱼类成体的精巢中,DMRT1的表达量可能不会因精巢结构或生理状态的改变而发生改变,而始终维持一定量的表达。     

大熊猫Dmrt基因家族4个成员基因的克隆

果蝇Doublesex基因、线虫Mab-3基因和人类DMRTI基因均含有一个新的具有DNA结合能力的保守基序,即DM结构域。它们在性别决定和分化发育的调控过程中具有相似的功能。通过简并PCR克隆技术,扩增和克隆了大熊猫基因组中的DM结构域,得到了4个具有不同DM序列的克隆。结果显示,在大熊猫基因组中存在Dmrt基因家族的多个成员。该基因家族在脊椎动物和非脊椎动物都具有高度的进化保守性。     

研发动态

中国烟草基因组数据库(1.0版)开放运行中国烟草基因组数据库(1.0版)近日面向行业开放运行。数据库设在国家烟草基因研究中心,储存了去年底绘制的绒毛状烟草和林烟草全基因组序列图谱的所有原始数据以及基因注释结果,总数据量将近7T。这两张序列图谱是目前已知植物基因组序列图谱中基因组最大、组装精度最高、组装     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。