太行山猕猴掌骨性别判别分析

为了了解成年太行山猕猴5根掌骨的性差大小.本文对太行山猕猴掌骨标本40例(雄:10,雌:30)进行观察并选择掌骨的9项形态变量进行测量.数据用SPSS19.0软件进行多变量判别分析.结果表明:5根掌骨长度等变量在性别之间有明显差异.用全模型法5根掌骨的性别正确判别率范围为94.1％～100.0％,用逐步判别法掌骨性别正确判别率范围为93.8％～97.5％.有关掌骨的9个形态变量,长度变量首先被挑选出来,说明在性别判别中起重要作用.分别用左右侧掌骨的判别函数来判别性别时侧别差异不明显.结论:用每根掌骨的形态变量建立判别函数可以有效地区分性别,对非人灵长类掌骨标本的性别鉴定有一定的理论意义和应用价值.     

太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的性别判别

研究太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的性别差异。对24例掌骨和26例蹠骨的长度变量进行测量,用SPSS13．0统计软件进行单因素方差分析和多变量判别分析。结果表明：掌骨和蹠骨的长度变量在性别之间有极显著性差异（P〈O．00）。各掌骨和各蹠骨的长度顺序在侧别之间和性别之间有一定差异,但是尚未达到统计学意义（P〉0．05）。用全模型法和逐步判别法根据长度变量分别建立性别判别函数,其性别正确判别率掌骨分别为91．7％和93．8％,而蹠骨的性别判别率为84．6％。表明猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度性别之间存在明显性差。使用掌骨和蹠骨长度变量进行性别鉴定有一定理论价值和应用价值。     

太行山猕猴下颌骨变量相关性研究

本研究测量了１８例（雄４,雌１４）成年太行山猕猴下颌骨的１２项变量。通过对下颌骨变量的性别判别分析和相关分析。结果显示：太行山猕猴下颌骨变量有其自身特征,与其它猕猴下颌骨资料比较表现出一定差异;用Ｏｔｔｅｓｔａｔ方法对有关变量建立性别判别函数式,其判别率达８６．８６％,下颌骨变量相关性研究表明,各变量之间有正相关,也有负相关,大多数变量之间相互程度较差,不同变量之间其相关程度存在一定差异。     

太行山猕猴掌骨和踽骨长度的性别判别

研究太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的性别差异.对24例掌骨和26例蹠骨的长度变量进行测量,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析和多变量判别分析.结果表明:掌骨和踱骨的长度变量在性别之间有极显著性差异(P<0.00).各掌骨和各踱骨的长度顺序在侧别之间和性别之间有一定差异,但是尚未达到统计学意义(P>0.05).用全模型法和逐步判别法根据长度变量分别建立性别判别函数,其性别正确判别率掌骨分别为91.7%和93.8%,而蹠骨的性别判别率为84.6%.表明猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度性别之间存在明显性差.使用掌骨和踱骨长度变量进行性别鉴定有一定理论价值和应用价值.     

下颌骨的性别判别分析研究

对183例国人成年下颌骨的统计检验表明,13项测量数据中有12项性别差异显著。其中下颌枝高性别差异最为明显,其单项性别判别率达80％。采用Fisher判别分析法建立了11项判定国人下颌骨性别的判别函数,判别率为85.2％—87.4％。     

太行山猕猴牙齿性别差异研究

以太行山猕猴牙齿为对象,主要研究各牙齿的性差大小及分布模式.测量43例太行山猕猴牙齿的2个主要变量.数据通过SPSS统计分析软件处理.性差大小用雄雌差值(Dif)和性差百分比(P.D)表示.结果表明,太行山猕猴牙齿性差主要表现在犬齿性差"区"和第3臼齿,主要是MD径,越靠近犬齿其性差越大,下颌的更为明显.表明太行山猕猴牙齿的不同变量、不同位置性差程度不同.本研究在进行性差推断和种间比较时有一定的实用价值和理论价值.     

太行山猕猴肩胛骨和肱骨的性别判别

测量了 2 6例 (♀ 1 6,♂ 1 0 )成年太行山猕猴肩胛骨和肱骨的 1 5项变量。通过运用SPSS1 0 0单因子方差分析 ,结果显示 ,有 9项变量在两性间达到了显著差异水平 ;采用多变量判别分析方法对有关变量建立判别函数 ,结果显示 ,采用强迫引入法和逐步判别法 ,判别正确率分别为 1 0 0 0 0 %和 92 3 0 %;运用主成分分析 ,进一步说明肩胛骨和肱骨在性别判别中有一定的作用     

上肢长骨的性别判别分析研究

本文对100例(男女各50)国人上肢骨进行了36项测量。统计结果显示所有测量项目均值男性都大于女性并具有显著性的差异。本研究表明可以采用单一指标对破损严重的肢骨进行性别鉴定。36个测量项目中有23项单一指标性别判别率达75％以上,其中9项在80％以上。本文采用Fisher判别分析法建立了56项单一肢骨性别判别函数,判别率为80％—87％。为进一步提高判别效果,采用逐步判别分析法建立了四项逐步性别判别函数,判别率达90％以上。     

滇金丝猴下颌的生物力学研究

利用生物力学原理,判别分析和异速生长对我国特有的滇金丝猴下颌研究表明,由于雄性比雌性具有相对更长的下颌,导致了整个下颌结构在两性间的差异。在所分析的8个变量中,4个被选为性别鉴别的重要特征,判别式为:D=-27.65-0.729CONM1+0.596MANDL+1.204MANDSYM-1.778MANCORPW。与猕猴和长鼻猴相比,滇金丝猴具有相对短的下颌骨,较宽的下颌髁和较高的下颌体。这些特征保障了下颌齿,特别是颊齿列更有利于叶类食物的咀嚼,即有利于咀嚼过程中消除下颌的疲劳。     

利用SAS软件对271株肠杆菌进行数值分类初探

利用ＳＡＳ软件对肠杆菌科中的９０株标准菌进行系统聚类,去掉独立菌再结合判别分析的应用条件,建立了肠杆菌关于７类属（或种）的筛选变量与不筛选变量的两种判别函数。对１８１株临床菌用两种判别函数进行判别,判得结果的一致率为８７．５７％。对标准菌进行回代,与原分类情况作比较,结果是：不筛选变量时符合率为８９．４１％,筛选变量时符合率为９７.６５％。     

Differential mesowear in occluding upper and lower molars: opening mesowear analysis for lower molars and premolars in hypsodont horses

A new approach of reconstructing ungulate diet, the mesowear method, was recently introduced by Fortelius and Solounias ([2000] Am Mus Novitat 3301:1-36). Mesowear is based on facet development on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. Restricting mesowear investigation to maxillary cheek teeth would allow mesowear investigation only in assemblages of large numbers of individuals and therefore would generally restrict this method to relatively few assemblages of recent and fossil ungulates. Most of the fossil, subfossil, and recent ungulate osteological assemblages that may be assigned to a single taxon have smaller numbers of individuals. This results in a demand to extend the mesowear method to further tooth positions in order to obtain stable dietary classifications of fossil taxa. The focus of this article is to test if a consistent mesowear classification is obtainable for mandibular as well as for maxillary teeth. For statistical testing, large assemblages of isolated cheek teeth of the Vallesian hipparionine horse Hippotherium primigenium and of the recent zebra Equus burchelli were employed as models. The upper tooth positions P4, M1, M2, and M3 as suggested by Kaiser and Solounias (2003) as the model for the "extended" mesowear method and the lower tooth positions P4-M3 were tested for their consistency in classification of the mesowear variables. We found a considerable shift of the mesowear signature towards the grazing edge of the mesowear continuum in lower cheek teeth. In order to adjust the signal of lower teeth to the signal of the upper teeth, a calibration factor was introduced which allowed incorporation of lower cheek teeth into the same model of mesowear investigation together with upper cheek teeth. We propose that this model is particularly suited for the reconstruction of paleodiets in hypsodont hipparionine and equine equids. We further investigated the functional relation between the mesowear profiles and the distribution of dental tissues along the course of the occlusal contact. We therefore correlated mesowear profiles with enamel distribution profiles and found the mesowear profile to be strongly controlled by the attritional environment encountered by a given apex area. The differential signal observed in cusp apex morphology between upper and lower cheek teeth was found to be more closely related to attrition by the antagonistic tooth than to the distribution of dental tissues in the tooth under consideration. The results suggest a general extension of the mesowear method of paleodiet reconstruction and a basic scenario for the evolution of anisodont dentitions.     

Deciduous tooth dimensions in fetal rhesus monkeys from mothers with induced diabetes

Thirty-four measurements of the deciduous dentition in 21 fetal rhesus monkeys from diabetic mothers (FDM) and 36 nondiabetic fetuses were compared in order to assess the effects of induced maternal diabetes on the teeth of third-trimester fetuses. After exclusion of 14 variates due to significant age-related variation, univariate statistical analysis suggested a trend toward smaller teeth in the FDMs. Multivariate discriminant function analysis indicated not only a clear separation between the two groups, with molar breadths and some incisor lengths and breadths serving as the best discriminators, but also that the deciduous dental dimensions in FDMs are smaller than in nondiabetic fetuses.     

云南曲靖晚始新世的梳趾鼠类化石(英文)

根据新材料修订了Ｄｉａｎｏｍｙｓ属及其两个种（Ｄ． ｏｂｓｃｕｒａｔｕｓ和Ｄ． ｑｕｊｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）的鉴定特 征。原定为Ｄ、ｏｂｓｃｕｒａｔｕｓ的Ｐ４应为ｄＰ４,原定的Ｍ１／２和ｍ１／２分别被确认为Ｍ１和ｍ２,原属 Ｄ．ｏｂｓｃｕｒａｔｕｓ的ｐ４,实属Ｄ．ｑｕｊｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ。Ｄ．ｑｕｊｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ与Ｄ．ｏｂｓｃｕｒａｔｕｓ的区别除个体较大 外,还在于其上颊齿具分叉的后脊,ｍ１具下中脊和ｐ４具较发育的附加刺。另建立了一新属 （杨氏鼠Ｙｏｕｎｇｏｍｙｓ）,包括二新种（云南杨氏鼠Ｙ ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ、小杨氏鼠Ｙ ｐｉｓｉｎｎｕｓ）和一未 定种（Ｙｏｕｎｇｏｍｙｓ？ｓｐ．）。ｙｏｕｎｇｏｍｙｓ的主要特征为：颊齿比例上较窄长,齿冠较低,主尖钝,脊 较细而低;上臼齿长大于宽,后脊向原尖斜伸,内脊较低;下臼齿下原尖后臂较向后伸,无明显 的舌部,下内尖臂很弱,横向,不与下外脊连等。 Ｙ ｐｉｓｉｎｎｕＳ与 Ｙ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ的区别在于个体 较小,齿冠较低,脊更细弱,较显丘形,上臼齿次尖位置向舌侧移,具较明显的后小尖,和后脊 不与原尖连等。 用ＰＡＵＰ ３．１．１对亚洲古近纪的梳齿鼠类进行了系统分析,表明第四前臼齿的     

SEX DETERMINATION OF THE CALIFORNIA SEA LION (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS CALIFORNIANUS) FROM CANINE TEETH

Size of canine teeth from California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus californianus ) carcasses is shown to be useful in determining the sex of animals which have missing genitalia or which are otherwise of unknown sex. A total of 267 canine teeth from carcasses of 68 males and 43 females were measured along five axes. Of root and crown measurements of upper and lower canines, males and females overlapped only in root thickness of upper canines. A multivariate ANOVA showed a significant difference in the size of canines between upper and lower canines, and between males and females. Stepwise discriminant analysis produced discriminant functions for upper and lower canines for determining sex of unknown-sexed California sea lions. A separate set of canine teeth from 39 male and 49 female California sea lions was correctly classified without prior knowledge of sex by visual inspection and by the two discriminant functions.     

Dental and minor physical anomalies in children with developmental disorders--a discriminant analysis

A discriminant analysis was performed in a sample of 303 children with developmental disorders (DD) and 303 healthy controls (C) in order to test whether some oro-dental and physical minor anomalies could discriminate these groups of children. DD sample comprised 176 mentally retarded (MR) children. 70 children with impaired hearing (IH) and 57 children with impaired vision (IV). The control group included 303 healthy subjects, matched for sex and age. The analysis comprised seven common oral and dental anomalies: median diastema, hypodontia, impacted teeth, microdontia, dens invaginatus, upper lip frenulum and frenulum of the tongue. Minor physical anomalies were assessed by the method proposed by Waldrop et al., as the average number of minor anomalies per individual (W1) and as the weighted score of minor anomalies (W2). Three discriminant functions were obtained by analysis of nine initial variables. Distinct discrimination and considerable distances were found between the centroids of the controls and all groups of DD children. The first two discriminant functions were significant for discrimination between the groups and they explained 98.6% of the total variance. The first function contained 90.2% of information and was defined by the number and weighted scores of minor anomalies. The second variable explained 8.4% of the total variability and was defined by three dental anomalies. The results obtained by the discriminant analysis show that application of dental and minor physical anomalies enables discrimination between the group of healthy children and the groups of children with different developmental disorders.     

Cheek tooth erosion in male babirusa (genus Babyrousa)

The wear on the occlusal surfaces of male babirusa cheek teeth was evaluated in 53 skulls of Babyrousa babyrussa from Buru and the Sula Islands and 87 skulls of B. celebensis from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Based on the comparative lengths of their continually growing maxillary canine teeth, the skulls were divided into five ‘age categories’ (A–E). Numerical and symbolic codes representing tooth wear were applied to each pillar (cusp region) of the mandibular and maxillary permanent third and fourth premolar teeth, and the first, second and third permanent molar teeth. There was no significant difference between the tooth wear patters of skulls in groups A and B, or in groups C and D, and so these were amalgamated. There was close correspondence in wear patterns between each side of the mouth in both species and in each age group. The wear patterns of the mandibular and maxillary teeth, although not identical, were very similar, as were the wear patterns of both species. In group A + B for both species tooth wear was relatively slight, with the M1 teeth experiencing most relative wear. There was almost no wear of the M3 teeth. In group C + D substantial wear of upper and lower M1 was evident. In group E more widespread wear of the cheek teeth was seen, with increased severity of M1 tooth wear, yet there was comparatively much less M2 and M3 tooth wear. The pattern of cheek tooth wear of the Babyrousa spp. was different from that shown by Sus scrofa. Differences in diet selection and processing were highlighted as potential contributing factors. The pattern of cheek tooth wear in male babirusa was not adequate for use to monitor their age.     

New remains of Egatochoerus jaegeri (Mammalia,Suoidea) from the late Eocene of Peninsular Thailand

Abstract: We report here additional remains referred to Egatochoerus jaegeri from the late Eocene locality of Ban Mark in the Krabi basin, Thailand. The new material described, comprising upper and lower cheek teeth, deciduous premolars and partial cranial remains, makes E. jaegeri the best‐documented Eocene representative of Old World Suoidea at present. Detailed study and comparison of their cheek teeth structure reveal a homogeneity of the molar crest and groove patterns of Old World and New World Palaeogene suoids.     

Sex diagnosis of subadult specimens from Medieval Polish archaeological sites: metric analysis of deciduous dentition.

The subject of this work is the characterisation of the metric features of deciduous dentition in a Medieval population of central Poland with the use of the jackknife technique leave one out (LOO)-supporting multivariate methods, which are important for deriving discrimination equations that would result in sex determination of children's skeletal remains. The sex of the individuals was assessed through analysis of sex-specific DNA sequences (AMELY/AMELX, SRY and alpha satellite sequences). Discriminant analysis concerned only teeth of those individuals whose sex was confirmed by the primary structure of three DNA sequences. The deciduous tooth diameters of males were found to be significantly larger than those of females in four respects: MD diameter of the maxillary second molar, MD and BL diameters of the mandibular first molar and BL diameter of the mandibular second molar. A two-group discriminant analysis considered all those measurements as independent variables. A multiple regression procedure produced a linear equation predicting the sex of children's skeletons with a significant probability amounting to approximately 78%. The accuracy of the sex assessment of an individual, using dental measurements, was established at 69% in deciduous male and 88% in deciduous female teeth.     

Sexual dimorphism of tooth crown diameters. A contribution to the determination of the sex of subadult individuals from the early bronze age graveyard of Franzhausen I, lower Austria]

In this paper, the sexual differences between mesio-distal and bucco-lingual diameters of deciduous and permanent teeth of an Early Bronze Age population from Franzhausen are presented. Data from a total of 172 (85 male and 87 female) subadult individuals was collected. The presumptive sex determination needed for this investigation could be achieved because of specific burial rites that characterize the Unterw?lbling culture south of the Danube. The averages of both the deciduous and permanent teeth show that female individuals possess altogether teeth of smaller dimensions. The differences are, for a few permanent teeth, statistically highly significant. Using these to calculate discriminant analyses based on differing variable sets, a correct sex assignment was achieved in 81% to 75% of all cases. For the purposes of sexual diagnosis, a function combining only three measurements (MD and BL diameters of upper canine and BL diameter of the first upper molar) was 80% successful.     

斯氏黄河猴(哺乳动物纲,灵长目)较完整下颌骨的发现

新发现的下颌骨说明斯氏黄河猴下齿式为 ２？, １,３, ３。 ｐ２为双根齿,其前后有短的齿隙;ｐ３具有低小的后跟;ｐ４未臼齿化,无下前尖,有初始的下后尖,在较大的跟盆上,有明显的下次尖和很小的下内尖？; ｍ１下前尖小,有些前后收缩（与Ｒｅｎｃｕｎｉｕｓ ｚｈｏｗｉ比较）,ｍ３下次小尖不如正模发育。下颌骨联合部倾斜,不愈合。黄河猴的下臼齿在形态上与西瓦兔猴亚科和原始类人猿──渐新猿亚科有许多共同点,但上臼齿形态差异显著。黄河猴类可能出自亚洲的ｃｅｒｃａｍｏｎｉｉｎｅ形的兔猴形灵长类。