盾盘菌属一个新的球孢种——中国盾盘菌

本文报道在我国贵州省发现的一个盾盘菌属新种。此新种具有独特的球形子囊孢子,与该属中目前已知的球孢种类截然不同,故命名为中国盾盘菌Scutellinia sinensis M.H.Liu。根据Schumacher的分类系统,此新种应归属于盾盘菌属Scutellinia中的列氏亚属Subg.Legalia,列氏组Sect.Legalia,列氏系Ser.Legalia。与此新种近似的种是沼生盾盘菌S.paludicola(Boud.)Le Gal,但后者在许多方面均不同于此新种,特别是它的较大的子囊和子囊孢子,孢子表面特征也明显不同。     

盾盘菌属一个新的球孢种——中国盾盘菌

本文报道在我国贵州省发现的一个盾盘菌属新种。此新种具有独特的球形子囊孢子，与该属中目前已知的球孢种类截然不同，故命名为中国盾盘菌Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌｉｎｉａ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍ．Ｈ．Ｌｉｕ。根据Ｓｃｈｕｍａｃｈｅｒ的分类系统，此新种应归属于盾盘菌属Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌｉｎｉａ中的列氏亚属Ｓｕｂｇ．Ｌｅｇａｌｉａ。列氏组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｌｅｇａｌｉａ，列氏系Ｓｅｒ．Ｌｇａｌｉａ。与此新种近似的种是沼生盾盘菌Ｓ．ｐａ     

中国的兰伯特盘菌属和兰斯盘菌属

本文报道中国兰伯特盘菌属15种和兰斯盘菌属6个分类单元,其中小晚兰斯盘菌为新种.同时,提供了上述两个属的分种检索表.     

斑痣盘菌目一中国新记录科——异盘菌科

近期在安徽省黄山风景区采得米心水青冈Fagus engleriana活枝干上的L2072、L2075号标本经鉴定为异盘菌Ascodichaena rugosa,这是异盘菌属Ascodichaena、异盘菌科Ascodichaenaceae在中国的首次发现。本文对科、属、种进行了描述和讨论,异盘菌附有子实体的外表照片和内部结构图。供研究标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室(AAUF)。     

中国紫盘菌属志略

紫盘菌属Smardaea是Svrcek(1969)在Ascobolus amethystinusPhill.基础上建立的。其主要特征为:子囊非淀粉质,孢子椭圆形,具纹饰,囊盘被组织明显紫色,2层,内层交错丝组织型,外层球胞组织型至角胞组织型。本属成员以前在我国未见报道。作者近年来在研究中国盘菌区系过程中发现本属2个种,一个为紫色紫盘菌S.purpurea Dissing;另一个为新种,命名为小孢紫盘菌S.microspora sp.nov。本新种与本属其它3个种的区别主要在于较小的子囊孢子,低的表面纹饰。     

中国紫盘菌属志略(英文)

紫盘菌属Smardaea是Svrcek(1969)在Ascobolus amethystinusPhill.基础上建立的。其主要特征为:子囊非淀粉质,孢子椭圆形,具纹饰,囊盘被组织明显紫色,2层,内层交错丝组织型,外层球胞组织型至角胞组织型。本属成员以前在我国未见报道。作者近年来在研究中国盘菌区系过程中发现本属2个种,一个为紫色紫盘菌S.purpurea Dissing;另一个为新种,命名为小孢紫盘菌S.microspora sp.nov。本新种与本属其它3个种的区别主要在于较小的子囊孢子,低的表面纹饰。     

中国盘菌新种和新记录之十

以我国已故著名菌物学家邓叔群先生的名字命名的粒毛盘菌属和兰伯特盘菌属新种各一个,即邓氏粒毛盘菌Lachnum tengii和邓氏兰伯特盘菌Lambertella tengii被描述;我国新记录种两个,即长孢白毛盘菌Albotricha longispora和米氏布博维盘菌Boubovia micholsonii被报道;同时对我国历史上记载为Lachnellula fuckelii的真菌的分类地位进行了讨论和订正。     

从18SrDNA序列初探散胞盘菌亚科属间亲缘关系

散胞盘菌亚科Encoelioideae建于1932年,为盘菌纲Discomycetes锤舌菌目Leotiales锤舌菌科（广义）Leotiaceae的成员,它包括腐生、植物寄生、真菌上生的盘状子囊菌,现含18属,其中若干为单种属。传统分类从形态学角度将外囊盘表层细胞松散结合或者表面覆盖短的菌丝延伸物视为此亚科的主要特征,宏观上,其成员的共性表现为外囊盘被表面糠皮状、鳞屑状或霜状。迄今,学者们从未对散孢盘菌亚科这一性状是否反映属间亲缘关系进行过任何探讨,国际基因库中亦无此亚科的可利用序列。为了探明此性状在系统演化过程中的作用以及散胞盘菌亚科的属间亲缘关系,我们对此亚科中绿散胞盘菌Chlorencoelia、复柄盘菌属Cordierites、散胞盘菌属Encoelia、霍氏盘菌属Holwaya、拟爪毛盘菌属Unguiculariopsis、 以及丝绒盘菌属Velutarina代表种的18S rDNA片段进行了序列测定,受实验材料所限,每属只获得了一个种的18S rDNA序列。为了分析和比较,还对同一科内锤舌菌亚科Leotioideae中绿杯菌属Chlorociboria一个种的相关序列进行了测定。在构建系统树的过程中,核盘菌科的核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum被选为外群;从基因库中调入属于同一个目的地舌菌科和锤舌菌亚科几个属的代表即胶鼓菌属Bulgaria、锤舌菌属Leotia、?     

从18S rDNA序列初探散胞盘菌亚科属间亲缘关系

散胞盘菌亚科Encoelioideae建于1932年,为盘菌纲Discomycetes锤舌菌目Leotiales锤舌菌科（广义）Leotiaceae的成员,它包括腐生、植物寄生、真菌上生的盘状子囊菌,现含18属,其中若干为单种属。传统分类从形态学角度将外囊盘表层细胞松散结合或者表面覆盖短的菌丝延伸物视为此亚科的主要特征,宏观上,其成员的共性表现为外囊盘被表面糠皮状、鳞屑状或霜状。迄今,学者们从未对散孢盘菌亚科这一性状是否反映属间亲缘关系进行过任何探讨,国际基因库中亦无此亚科的可利用序列。为了探明此性状在系统演化过程中的作用以及散胞盘菌亚科的属间亲缘关系,我们对此亚科中绿散胞盘菌Chlorencoelia、复柄盘菌属Cordierites、散胞盘菌属Encoelia、霍氏盘菌属Holwaya、拟爪毛盘菌属 Unguiculariopsis、以及丝绒盘菌属Velutarina代表种的18SrDNA片段进行了序列测定,受实验材料所限,每属只获得了一个种的18SrDNA序列。为了分析和比较,还对同一科内锤舌菌亚科Leotioideae中绿杯菌属Chlorociboria一个种的相关序列进行了测定。在构建系统树的过程中,核盘菌科的核盘菌Sclerotiniasclerotiorum被选为外群;从基因库中调入属于同一个目的地舌菌科和锤舌菌亚科几个属的代表即胶鼓菌属Bulgaria、锤舌菌属Leotia、小舌菌属Microglossum、新胶鼓菌属Neobulgaria和地勺菌属Spathularia的序列;利用ClustalW和TreeView软件,构建出Neighbour-joining系统进化树。初步的研究结果表明,散孢盘菌亚科不是单源的,该亚科的成员与其他亚科或者其他科的物种一起形成四个系统演化分支。散胞盘菌亚科的Holwaya与另一亚科的Bulgaria（Leotiaceae,Leotioideae）聚在一起,具有95%的序列相似性和97.4%支持率（bootstrapvalue）;此二属与Leotia（Leotiaceae,Leotioideae）和Microglossum（Geoglossaceae）组成姐妹群。散胞盘菌亚科Cordierites和Encoelia接近,支持率为93.6%;它们是Leotioideae中Chlorociboria和Neobulgaria两属的姐妹群。散胞盘菌亚科的Unguiculariopsis与Velutarina在一起,独立成为一个分支,支持率高达99.3%。Chlorencoelia与本研究所涉及的散胞盘菌亚科其他成员的关系都比较远。以上研究结果表明,散胞盘菌亚科很可能是多源的;但是,由于该亚科大多数属缺乏分子生物学证据,本研究结果只能作为推断。     

我国盘菌新记录属——舟皮盘菌属及其一新种

本文报道了我国斑痣盘菌科(Rhytismataceae)的新记录属——舟皮盘菌属(Ploiode-rma Daker)及其一新种,即华山松舟皮盘菌(Ploioderma pini-armandi C.L.Hou et S.Q.Liu sp.nov.)。对新种作了拉丁文和汉文的描述,并与该属的其他5个种进行了比较。     

Septoria的新种和国内新记录种

作者在1987-1991年间从东北地区收集和采集Septoria真菌标本221份,鉴定出Septoria 84种,其中2个新种:Septoria dioscorical Lu Guo-zhong et Bai Jin-kai和Septoria saposhinikoviae Lu Guo-zhong et Bai Jin-kai,以及13个国内新记录种. Septoria属真菌的产孢方式为全壁芽生合轴式(holoblastic sympodial)。     

Stictis s. lat. (Ostropales, Ascomycota) in northern Scandinavia, with a key and notes on morphological variation in relation to lifestyle

The closely related genera Carestiella, Schizoxylon and Stictis (Stictidaceae, Ostropales, Ascomycota) are revised in northern Scandinavia, and a revised phylogenetic hypothesis, including all seven species of this group in the area, is presented. A key to the species of Stictis s. lat. (including Carestiella, Schizoxylon and Stictis) in Northern Scandinavia is presented. S. albescens and S. confusum are described as new to science, and the new name S. brunnescens is introduced for S. mollis ssp. populorum, when treated as a distinct species. C. socia and S. albescens are the only representatives of their genera in northern Scandinavia, but a total of five species of Stictis are present in the area (S. brunnescens, S. confusum, S. mollis, S. populorum and S. radiata). Substantial within-species variation in ascoma morphology and wall pigmentation is revealed and discussed, and found to correlate with fungal lifestyles; optional lichenization apparently affects several details in fungal anatomy and morphology.     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之四石蕊属地衣新种及中国新记录

摘要:本文报道了中国横断山地区石蕊属地衣12种,其中新种1个:贡嘎石蕊(Cladonia ngganensis S.Y. Guo & Wei),中国新记录11种:类黄粉石蕊(Cl. bacilliformis),比蒙氏石(Cl. beaumontii),小棍棒石蕊(Cl. clavulifera),圆筒石蕊(Cl. cylindrica),具粉石蕊(Cl. farinacea),北海道石蕊(Cl. hokkaidensis),厚叶石蕊(Cl. incrassata),大叶石蕊(Cl. macrophylla),丛杯石蕊( Cl. mateocyatha),多孔石蕊(Cl. multiformis)和亚石蕊(Cl. subrangiformis)。对于每一种的化学成分及地理分布进行了测定和分析。     

Pleosporales in Japan (5): Pleomassaria, Asteromassaria, and Splanchnonema

Eight species in Pleomassariaceae are described and illustrated. They are Pleomassaria maxima, Pl. swidae, Pl. siparia “type A,” Prosthemium canba, Asteromassaria macroconidica, A. pulchra, Splanchnonema mori, and S. argus. Of these, Pl. swidae on twigs of Swida controversa, Pr. canba on Betula ermanii, and A. macroconidica on twigs of Prunus ×yedoensis and an unknown woody plant are new. Three species, Pl. siparia “type A,” A. pulchra, and S. argus, are reported from Japan for the first time. A new combination, S. mori (≡ Massaria mori), is proposed.     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之五中国石蕊属地衣一新种

本文报道了产于中国西南地区的石蕊属地衣一新种:亚厚叶石蕊(Cladoniasubincrassata S.Y.Guo),其主要的次生代谢产物为松萝酸和泽屋菇.文中还从形态、化学和地理分布方面将新种和邻近种厚叶石蕊(Cladonia incrassata)进行了比较.     

Alkaloids of theSedum acre-group (Crassulaceae)

The 16 species of theSedum acre-group were investigated for the presence of alkaloids. They areS. acre ofS. ser.Acria, S. alpestre, S. annuum, S. apoleipon, S. borissovae, S. euxinum, S. grisebachii, S. laconicum, S. multiceps, S. sexangulare, S. tuberiferum, S. tuberosum, S. ursi, andS. urvillei ofS. ser.Alpestria, S. samium ofS. ser.Samia, andS. litoreum ofS. ser.Litorea. S. acre differs significantly from the other species. It contains sedamine, hydroxy sedamine, and a number of 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids. The leafy parts of the species ofS. ser.Alpestria, S. ser.Samia, andS. ser.Litorea contain 4 piperidine alkaloids which also occur inS. acre, and in addition 4 pyrrolidine alkaloids not present inS. acre. The composition of the alkaloid fraction agrees with the infrageneric classification (series) based on the hybridization patterns of the species (comparia).     

The genus Setulipes (Marasmiaceae) in Madagascar and the Mascarenes, including a key to other African taxa

The authors report first records for the genus Setulipes in Madagascar, with the presence of Setulipes cf. hakgalensis and two new species, Setulipes funaliformis and S. moreaui, as well as a new species from Mauritius: S. mauritiensis. A key to these taxa, as well as to other African species, is supplied.     

Molecular phylogeny of Allograpta (Diptera, Syrphidae) reveals diversity of lineages and non-monophyly of phytophagous taxa

Phylogenetic relationships of genera Allograpta, Sphaerophoria and Exallandra (Diptera, Syrphidae) were analyzed based on sequence data from the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The three genera are members of the subfamily Syrphinae, where nearly all members feed as larvae on soft-bodied Hemiptera and other arthropods. Phytophagous species have recently been discovered in two subgenera of Allograpta, sg Fazia and a new subgenus from Costa Rica. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined datasets were performed using parsimony, under static alignment and direct optimization, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Congruent topologies obtained from all the analyses indicate paraphyly of the genus Allograpta with respect to Sphaerophoria and Exallandra. Exallandra appears embedded in the genus Sphaerophoria, and both genera are placed within Allograpta. The distribution of phytophagous taxa in Allograpta indicates that plant feeding evolved at least twice in this group.     

Addition and reexamination of Japanese species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera. IX. Newly recorded species from Japan (4)

Pseudocercospora cyatheae C. Nakash. & S. Inaba on Cyathea sp. as a new species is described. Three species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera are newly added to the mycoflora of Japan. They are Cercospora armoraciae on Armoracia rusticana, Passalora passaloroides on Amorpha fruticosa, and Pseudocercospora nogalesii on Cytisus scoparius.     

New species of Phaeoramularia, Pseudocercospora and Stenella from Western Ghats of India

Four new species of the hyphomycete genera Phaeoramularia viz. Ph. caesalpinae, Pseudocercospora viz., Ps. tiliacearum, Stenella, viz. S. argyreiae and S. grewiae occurring on Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Caesalpiniaceae), Grewia sp. (Tiliaceae), Argyrea sp. Lour (Convolvulaceae) and Grewia sp. L. (Tiliaceae), respectively are described and illustrated here. All these fungi were collected from Western Ghats of India.