野鲮亚科口前室鱼类口唇及其相关结构形态学研究

口唇及其相关结构是野鲮亚科鱼类属级单元的主要分类依据。对我国野鲮亚科中具口前室鱼类类群的口唇及其相关结构形态学进行比较研究,结果显示;吻皮和下唇的形态差异以及吻皮与下唇,上颌与下唇,吻皮与上颌一下唇与下颌之间相互联结的差异构成了口前于类各类群的主要分类特征;口前室鱼类的口型可区分出４种基本式样。     

广西异华鲮属鱼类一新种

本文描述采自广西壮族自治区桂林和富川的贺江水系鲤科野鲮亚科异华鲮属鱼类一新种,命名为长须异华鲮Parasinilabeo longibarbus。它与同属其他种类相区分的性状是:口角须非常发达,胸腹部中线及其附近鳞片不埋于皮下,唇后沟斜向前中方延伸,将下唇分为两侧叶和一个中叶。     

广西东部野鲮亚科鱼类一新种——长鳍异华鲮

新种长鳍异华鲮Parasinilabeo longiventralis采自中国南部广西省富川县境内珠江水系的一条支流——贺江。新种与异华鲮属（Parasinilabeo）内的其他种的主要区别特征是：口角须长为吻须长的78.3%—90.4%; 腹鳍长度为腹鳍起点和臀鳍起点间的距离的83.7%—89.4%;在侧线鳞的后方有一宽的褐色纵条纹;体上有不规则的斑点。     

我国华鳊属鱼类形态差异及其物种有效性的研究

为探讨华鳊属鱼类种间和种内居群间的形态差异及其物种有效性,采用多变量形态度量,结合传统分类方法,获得该属鱼类不同地理居群共224尾标本的32个测量性状和7个可数性状数据,并做主成分分析。在可数性状上,海南华鳊各居群间无差异,但明显不同于其他种类;四川华鳊与大眼华鳊差别明显,与伍氏华鳊之间也存在较大程度的差异;大眼华鳊的乌江和珠江居群之间存在显著差异,而伍氏华鳊各地理居群差异不明显。在可量性状上,四川华鳊和大眼华鳊的乌江居群都明显区别于其他种或居群,而大眼华鳊的珠江居群与伍氏华鳊之间以及海南华鳊各居群之间没有明显差异。对上述结果分析认为：四川华鳊和海南华鳊为两个有效的物种;大眼华鳊的乌江标本是一个未被描述的物种,而珠江居群和伍氏华鳊各居群应属同一个种。     

中国红豆杉属和白豆杉属的核形态学研究

报道了红豆杉属Ｔａｘｕｓ３种１变种及白豆杉属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｘ １种的核形态结构２,啼杉属３种１变种和白豆杉的间期核要形都为复杂染色中心型,前期染色体属于中间型,体细胞中期染色体分别为：（１）红豆杉Ｔａｘｕｘ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｒｅｈｄ ．Ｋ＝２４＝２０ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２Ｔ,着丝点端化值为５８．２２％;（２）南方啼杉Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｒｅｈｄ ｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌ．Ｋ     

蓝钟花属的种子形态学研究及其分类学意义

对蓝钟花属(Cyananthus)11种植物的种子在体视显微镜和扫描电镜下的外部形态、内部结构以及微形态特征进行研究.结果表明:蓝钟花属种子呈窄卵形,表面光滑,颜色多为黑色、褐色至棕色,其中多年生组表面具有特殊黑色斑纹;胚属短小型,胚乳白色或棕色,胶质或脂质;种皮表面纹饰为条纹型,网壁螺旋排列或平行排列,又可细分为阔网状条纹、窄网状条纹与一般性条纹三种类型.种子形态在属下三组间差异明显,种子长度、表面颜色及表面纹饰为属内组的划分提供了重要依据.此外,一年生组各种在种子形态上分化最为明显,可能与其较强的适应性有关.     

山茶属17个种的核形态学研究

研究了山茶属的９个组１７个种的细胞核形态结构,它们的间期核和分裂前期染色体的构形均为球形前染色体形和中间形。体细胞分裂中期的染色体构形,即核型分别为：红山茶组：１．贵州红山茶２ｎ＝９０＝６２ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋２２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ。２．南山茶２ｎ＝３０＝２３ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋５ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,３．木果红山茶２ｎ＝６０＝３２ｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋２４ｓｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｔ;茶组;４．大理茶２ｎ＝３０＝２３ｍ＋７ｓｍ     

稀莶属三种植物的核形态学研究

研究了稀莶属３种植物的染色体核形态结构,除稀莶的染色体数目曾有报道外,毛梗稀莶、腺梗稀莶还未有报道,３种植物的核型为首次报道。它们的静止核均属于复杂染色中心微粒型,分裂前期染色体均属于渐变型。中期体细胞染色体数目都为２ｎ＝３０,本属的染色体基数为ｘ＝１５,核型分别为：（１）腺梗稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２９ｍ＋１ｓｍ,属于１Ｂ型;（２）毛梗稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２８ｍ＋２ｓｍ,属于１Ｂ型;（３）稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２     

开口箭属五种植物的花粉形态学研究

用醋酸酐分解法处理开口箭属５种植物的花粉粒,在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察花粉粒的形态,为鉴别种类和研究系统亲缘关系提供特征依据。     

尾管藻属的形态学特征研究

硅藻是一个庞大的微藻类群,不但种类多,数量大,分布也很广泛,是水体中浮游植物的重要组成类群^[1]。硅藻是浮游动物、贝类、鱼类的饵料,在水生生物生态学研究中,常被作为重要的生物指示类群,用于监测水质和评价水环境。化石硅藻也是重要的指示生物,用于石油勘探、底层划分,以及古地理、古气候等领域的研究^[2]。硅藻的分类学依据主要是其硅质细胞壁上的花纹,目前被广泛采用的分类系统是将硅藻门分为中心纲（Centrieae）和羽纹纲（Pennatae）两个纲。     

Essence of keratin in lips and associated structures of a freshwater fish Puntius sophore in relation to its feeding ecology: Histochemistry and scanning electron microscope investigation

Morphological specializations in the lips and associated structures of Puntius sophore were examined by scanning electron microscopy and histochemically. The upper lip (UL), in P. sophore, is associated with the horny upper jaw sheath (HUJS) on its ventral side and with the rostral cap (RC) on its dorsal side through a thin and extensive fold of skin (FSUR). The lower lip (LL) is greatly enlarged, conspicuous and associated with horny lower jaw sheath (HLJS) on the dorsal side and ventrally continues with ventral head skin (VHS). On the lateral sides there is a thin and extensive fold of skin (FSLS) between the lower lip and VHS. In contrast to the mucogenic epithelia of the UL, LL, the RC and fold of skins, the horny jaw sheaths are keratinized in nature and surface epithelial cells are characteristically modified into unculi. The UL and the LL are equipped with epithelial cells (EC), mucous cells (MC) and taste buds (TB) while in addition to these cells club cells (CC) are also present in the RC. Keratin found in unculi is an extremely strong protein which is tough and insoluble, they form the hard but un-mineralized structures. Keratin in unculi could be regarded as an adaptation for browsing or scraping food materials from the substrate as the fish grubs about the bottom. The elaboration of mucus is considered to lubricate the surface and protect the epithelia from abrasions. Taste buds are associated to locate and select palatable food and to trigger a ‘pick-up’ reflex.     

Show me your tenent setae and I tell you who you are – Telling the story of a neglected character complex with phylogenetic signals using Leiodidae (Coleoptera) as a case study

The tarsal setae in 97 species of Leiodidae and eight outgroups were examined using SEM imaging and dissections. Modified adhesive setae present in males are referred to as “male tenent setae” (MTS). In most cases, dilated tarsomeres were associated with MTS, which were always present on the protarsi and sometimes the mesotarsi. MTS are reported for the first time on the mesotarsi of Leptodirini and on the metatarsi in two genera of Sogdini. Contrary to reports in the literature, the reduction in the number of the MTS bearing mesotarsomeres is considered a derived condition. Both sexes of Leptinus (Platypsyllinae) have modified setae (referred to as tenent setae in the literature), probably related to their specialised association with mammals, and a patch of MTS was recognized for the first time among those modified setae among males. Four main types of MTS are recognised: (1) a plesiomorphic discoidal type that has a shaft with a round cross-section and maintains a similar diameter throughout its length until forming the expanded discoidal terminal plate; (2) a minidiscoidal type, similar to discoidal but with a relatively small terminal plate, found in Cholevinae; (3) a conical type, present in Leiodinae (excluding Estadiini) where the shaft increases in diameter until forming the terminal plate; and (4) a spatulate type, where an even wider terminal plate has a lateral projection, derived from the conical form and synapomorphic for the leiodine tribes Pseudoliodini, Scotocryptini, and possibly Agathidiini.     

Hairy attachment structures in Reduviidae (Cimicomorpha, Heteroptera), with observations on the fossula spongiosa in some other Cimicomorpha

Reduviidae and some other groups of cimicomorphan Heteroptera possess a hairy attachment structure on the apex of the tibia called “fossula spongiosa”. The fossula spongiosa was never studied comparatively across Reduviidae, its fine structure and mode of function is not well documented, and attachment structures in immature stages are virtually unknown. Here, a sample of 171 species of Reduviidae representing 22 subfamilies is examined for presence-absence of the fossula spongiosa on the three pairs of legs. Representatives of 11 of the 22 subfamilies are shown to possess a fossula spongiosa. The fine structure of the fossula spongiosa is examined for a more limited sample of Reduviidae and several Pachynomidae and Nabidae. In addition, scanning micrographs for the fossula spongiosa in other Cimicomorpha are given, among them Anthocoridae, Cimicidae, Microphysidae (first record of a fossula spongiosa), and Thaumastocoridae. The fossula spongiosa in Reduviidae consists of tenent hairs (acanthae) with spatulate or tapering apices interspersed with sensory setae, both of which are embedded in a thick and flexible cuticle, underlain by a hemolymph cavity separated almost entirely from the interior of the remaining tibia by a cuticular invagination. Judging from comparison with non-reduviid Cimicomorpha, this separation of the fossula spongiosa cavity from the tibial interior may be unique to Reduviidae. A simple experiment using live specimens of Platymeris biguttata (Reduviinae) revealed a liquid on the tip of the tenent hairs that might be involved in the attachment of the fossula spongiosa by adhesion mechanisms. The nymphs of Reduviidae whose adults have a fossula spongiosa are here documented for the first time to possess pads of ventrally barbed setae instead of tenent hairs and their tibia lacks the internal cuticular invagination. The nymphal attachment structures seem to rely on increase of friction rather than the adhesion mechanism proposed to be present in the adult. Combined with the tenent setae on the third tarsomere known in some Emesinae and here documented for Saicinae, three types of hairy attachment structures occur on the legs of Reduviidae: tenent hairs (acanthae), which form the fossula spongiosa in many Reduviidae, barbed setae that substitute the fossula in the immatures, and tenent setae on the tarsus which are restricted to only a few taxa.     

REVIEW ON PEIPIAOSTEUS BASED ON NEW MATERIALS OF P. PANI

<正>Based on abundant new materials of Peipiaosteus pani, many features are newly described, they include: rostral bones, circumorbital series, the ectopterygoid process of the maxilla, quadratojugals, branchial toothplates, axial skeleton, fulcra and epiaxial fin-rays on the caudal fin. A few other features such as the hyomandibula and branchiostegal are revised. The ontogenetic and taphonomic characters of Peipiaosteus indicate that it probably assumed a habit of migration like its extant descendants. A review of the differences between P. pani and P. fengnengensis shows that all the differences except the dorsal and anal fin-ray numbers proposed by Bai (1983) are not true or remain uncertain. Through comparison, stichopterus is included in the revised family: Peipiaosteidae. Finally, a review of the phylogeny of Acipenseriformes results in a conclusion of Peipiaosteidae and Acipenseridae as sister groups.     

中国西南地区乌头类中草药的生药学研究

西南地区乌头类中草药种类很多,块根外形近似,但它们间毒性相差较大。本文对16种乌头的根进行形态组织比较,指出鉴定特征,并附组织图及成分、使用情况比较表。     

兰花蕉花的形态解剖学

兰花蕉（Orchidantha chinensis)的子房室顶部闭合后向上延长成延长部,实心,但有花柱沟和隔膜蜜腺管通过,隔膜蜜腺管,可分为中央蜜腺管和三条侧蜜腺管;中央蜜腺管位于三个心皮连接处,自子房室区下部产生,向上于延长部的部顶端终止;三条侧管分别位于两个心皮连接处,于子房室区近中部产生,开口于花柱基部。兰花蕉子房室区与延长部均具6枚雄蕊的维管束系统,即3枚心皮背束的伴束与3枚隔膜束,近轴面1枚事膜向上进入唇瓣的维管束系统,位于唇瓣的中央,致使兰花蕉仅具5枚功能雄蕊,唇瓣具双重结构,本文还讨论了兰花蕉科的系统发育位置。