与宁夏人群强直性脊柱炎关联的新基因淋巴毒素-α(LTA)的识别

淋巴毒素-α(Lymphotoxin-alpha,LTA)基因与系统性红斑狼疮、银屑病及类风湿性关节炎的遗传性有关,但目前还未有关于LTA基因与强直性脊柱炎(Ankylosing spondylitis,AS)关联的报道。文章采用病例-对照设计,在宁夏人群中对人类白细胞抗原(Human leukocyte antigen,HLA)的Ⅲ类基因约58 kb区域进行了高密度标志的基因组扫描,在33个SNPs及其单倍型中,仅定位于LTA基因中的SNPs组成的TCC单倍型的分布在病例-对照间比较有统计学意义(P=0.0005)。在宁夏群体(病例组:300,对照组:385)中发现,LTA基因中的rs909253 T/C多态性在AS患者中出现的频率显著高于正常对照(28.5%vs 19.7%,P=2×10-6)。结果表明LTA基因变异和AS易感性之间存在相关性,由此识别LTA基因可能与宁夏人群AS关联。     

强直性脊柱炎的新易感基因识别研究

为了研究中国人群中TNFα基因与强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）病理发生的潜在关系,我们通过对中国南方75名AS患者的TNFα基因启动子进行扫描分析,发现-850处突变型T等位基因出现频率较高(39.3%)。经Case-Control研究发现TT突变基因型在AS组中的分布显著高于对照组(10.7% vs 2.1% ,P=0.003);突变型T等位基因携带者在AS组与对照组间分布差异极其显著(68.0% vs 21.4%,P=7.928×10－13)。按性别分组后,发现TX基因型和非TX基因型在AS组和对照组之间的分布差异同样具有统计学意义(男性:P=1.029×10-10;女性: P=0.001),此多态位点在男性和女性中都与AS发生存在显著性关联。经文献查新未见本突变位点在国内外有与AS存在相关的报道。本研究证实了我们的研究假设,TNFα基因启动子-850C→T的突变可能是AS发生的新易感基因。Abstract: To study the potential correlations between variances of TNFαgene and onset of ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese population, We scanned and analyzed the promoters of TNFαgenes in 75 AS patients from south of China and found –850 T mutation allele frequency rather high (39.3%).By case-control study, the distribution of TT genotype is significantly higher in AS patients than that in normal subjects (10.7% VS 2.1%,P=0.003); Mutation T allele has a remarkable difference between AS group and normal control (68.0% vs 21.4%,P=7.928×10－13). The difference in distribution of TX genotype and non -TX genotype is also significant statistically between different genders(male: P=1.029×10-10;female: P=0.001).The result suggests that this variation has a strong association with AS in males and females. No similar reports about the association between AS and the T mutation allele have been acquired. Therefore, our hypothesis can be supported by our results on the whole and the –850C→T mutation allele in the region on promoter of TNFαgene is likely one of susceptible genes to AS.     

ABCB1 基因单核苷酸多态性rs2235048 与氯吡格雷抵抗的相关关系

目的:探讨ABCB1基因单核苷酸多态位点rs2235048在中国汉族人群中的分布及其与氯吡格雷抵抗(Clopidogrelresistance,CR)发生的相关关系。方法:采用光学比浊法测定20μmol/L ADP诱导的残余血小板聚集率(Residual plateletagglutination,RPA)。当RPA≥70%时,即为CR。所有入选患者分为CR组和氯吡格雷非抵抗组(Non-clopidogrel resistance,NCR)。采用焦磷酸测序法测定ABCB1基因rs2235048单核苷酸多态位点在CR组和NCR组的基因型及等位基因分布频率。结果:ABCB1基因rs2235048多态在CR组和NCR组基因型分布频率符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。在CR组和NCR组中,ABCB1基因rs2235048多态的基因型频率分布无统计学差异(P=0.527,X2=1.281);T、C等位基因频率在两组间分布频率也没有统计学差异(P=0.740,OR=0.958,95%CI=0.742～1.236)。结论:对PCI术后服用氯吡格雷的冠心病患者进行分析发现,ABCB1基因单核苷酸多态位点rs2235048与冠心病患者CR的发生无相关关系。     

全基因组扫描寻找强直性脊柱炎的易感基因位点

为了寻找中国人群强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)的易感基因位点,采用全基因组扫描法对9个强直性脊柱炎家系进行基因分型、参数连锁分析和非参数连锁分析。在参数连锁分析中,D6S276位点的最大LOD值为3．8821(0=0．0),精细分析显示距D6S276位点附近的D6S1691和D6S1618的LOD值分别为1．5717(0=0．1)及2．0056(0=0．1)。在非参数连锁分析中,位于D6S276附近的LOD值高达5．0623,非参数连锁分析的NPJ值为3．7561,最小P值为0．000233。上述结果提示,D6S276与强直性脊柱炎之间存在较强的连锁关系,D6S1691-D6S276-D6S1618区域可能存在强直性脊柱炎的易感基因位点。此外,D3S1292、D4S1535和D18S64的最大LOD值分别为1．2768(0=0．2)、1．1246(0=0．2)和1．1851(0=0．1),提示这些标记与AS之间存在一定的连锁关系。     

apelin基因rs2235306位点多态性与哮喘的相关性研究

目的:探讨apelin基因rs2235306位点多态性与哮喘的相关性。方法:以外周血全血DNA为模板,应用四引物扩增受阻突变体系PCR(Tetra-primer ARMS PCR,T-ARMS-PCR)方法对158例哮喘患者(AS)和79例健康个体(NC)apelin基因rs2235306位点基因型进行分析,同时进行肺功能检查(FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC)。结果:AS组和NC组apelin基因rs2235306位点等位基因T和C频率分布具有统计学意义(X2=6.906,P=0.009,OR=1.688,95%CI=1.140-2.497),AS组C等位基因频率显著高于健康对照组;AS组和NC组基因型分布具有统计学意义(X2=14.243,P=0.000,OR=3.894,95%CI=1.861-8.149),其中CC基因型患哮喘的风险较高,为TT+TC基因型的3.894倍。AS轻度组和AS中重度组基因型CC和TT+TC频率及等位基因T和C频率比较均无统计学意义。结论:apelin基因rs2235306位点多态性和哮喘的发病具有一定的相关性,C等位基因可能是哮喘的遗传易感基因,CC基因型携带者哮喘的患病风险可能增加,但与哮喘的严重程度无明显相关性。     

钙蛋白酶Ⅰ(CAPN1)基因多态性与鸡肉嫩度和屠体性状的相关研究

为了探讨CAPN1基因作为影响鸡肌肉嫩度候选基因的可能性, 寻找与鸡嫩度性状相关的分子标记, 对钙蛋白酶Ⅰ(CAPN1)基因的CDS区进行SNPs 检测, 分析不同基因型在5个优质肉鸡纯品系和3个配套系间分布规律。利用测序和单链构象多态(SSCP)的方法进行SNPs 检测和基因型的分析, 计算等位基因频率、各位点多态信息含量。结果发现2546位(位点A) 处发生点突变由C→T和3535位(位点B)处发生点突变由G→A。各位点的3 种基因型与肉鸡生产性状的最小二乘分析结果表明,各位点的各种基因型个体在肌纤维密度和部分屠体性状指标存在显著差异(P< 0.05)。初步推断CAPN1基因可能是影响鸡嫩度性状潜在的主效基因或与主效基因连锁, 并且这些位点具有成为分子标记的潜在可能。     

CYP3A5基因单核苷酸多态性rs3800959与氯吡格雷抵抗的相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞色素P450 3A5基因(CYP3A5)单核苷酸多态位点rs3800959与氯吡格雷抵抗(Clopidogrel resistance,CR)发生的关系。方法:于2010年3月至2011年10月期间,连续入选在沈阳军区总医院心内科住院的接受标准双联抗血小板治疗(阿司匹林+氯吡格雷)的冠心病患者共800例。以光学比浊法测定20μmol/L浓度ADP诱导的残余血小板聚集率(Residual plateletagglutination,RPA),并定义RPA≥70%为CR,所有入选患者分为CR组和氯吡格雷非抵抗组(Non-clopidogrel resistance,NCR)。所有入选病例提取血液白细胞基因组DNA后,采用直接测序的方法测定CYP3A5基因rs3800959单核苷酸多态位点的基因型及等位基因。结果:所入选的800例病人中,CR组为150例,NCR组为650例,CR发生率为18.75%。rs3800959基因型频率在CR组为TT型110例(73.3%)、CT型39例(26.0%)及CC型1例(0.7%);NCR组rs3800959基因型频率分别为477例、159例及14例(73.4%、24.5%及2.1%)。两组间各基因型频率分布无统计学差异(P=0.460,x2=1.554);T、C等位基因分布频率在两组间亦无明显差异(P=0.784,OR=0.942,95%CI=0.655~1.356)。结论:CYP3A5基因单核苷酸多态位点rs3800959与冠心病人CR的发生无相关关系。     

CYP3A5基因单核苷酸多态性rs3800959与氯吡格雷抵抗的相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞色素P450 3A5基因(CYP3A5)单核苷酸多态位点rs3800959与氯吡格雷抵抗(Clopidogrel resistance,CR)发生的关系.方法:于2010年3月至2011年10月期间,连续入选在沈阳军区总医院心内科住院的接受标准双联抗血小板治疗(阿司匹林+氯吡格雷)的冠心病患者共800例.以光学比浊法测定20μmol/L浓度ADP诱导的残余血小板聚集率(Residual platelet agglutination,RPA),并定义RPA＞ 70％为CR,所有入选患者分为CR组和氯吡格雷非抵抗组(Non-clopidogrel resistance,NCR).所有入选病例提取血液白细胞基因组DNA后,采用直接测序的方法测定CYP3A5基因rs3800959单核苷酸多态位点的基因型及等位基因.结果:所入选的800例病人中,CR组为150例,NCR组为650例,CR发生率为18.75％.rs3800959基因型频率在CR组为TT型110例(73.3％)、CT型39例(26.0％)及CC型1例(0.7％);NCR组rs3800959基因型频率分别为477例、159例及14例(73.4％、24.5％及 2.1％).两组间各基因型频率分布无统计学差异(P=0.460,x2=1.554);T、C等位基因分布频率在两组间亦无明显差异(P=0.784,OR=0.942,95％CI=0.655～1.356).结论:CYP3A5基因单核苷酸多态位点rs3800959与冠心病人CR的发生无相关关系.     

强啡肽原基因3'非翻译区多态性位点与海洛因依赖的关联研究

目的:探讨强啡肽原(prodynorphin,PDYN)基因3'非翻译区的3个单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP)位点与海洛因依赖的相关性.方法:严格按照诊断标准,选取无亲缘关系的海洛因依赖患者212例,健康对照200例提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测PDYN基因3'非翻译区rs1022563、rs2235749、rs9100803个多态性位点的基因型,采用HaploView及SPSS11.5软件分析各位点基因型、等位基因频率及组间差异.结果:PDYN基因rs2235749的基因型及等位基因频率分布在海洛因依赖组与正常对照组存在显著性差异(p＜0.01),在海洛因依赖组中等位基因A的频率显著高于正常对照组(p＜0.01).连锁不平衡结果显示,这3个SNPs位点不连锁,D'=0.215.结论:PDYN基因3'非翻译区rs2235749与海洛因相关联,携带有等位基因A的个体可能对海洛因更容易产生依赖.     

中国北方汉族人群核呼吸因子-1基因+141G/T单核苷酸多态与冠心病发病的关联研究

目的:本研究旨在探讨IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点与中国北方汉族人群冠心病发病的相关关系。方法:本研究采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性对经过冠脉造影证实的冠状动脉有一条主要分支狭窄大于70%的675例冠心病患者和经过冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉狭窄小于20%或完全正常的636例对照患者进行检验检,分析核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141G/T单核苷酸多态位点的基因型和等位基因频率在两组间的分布情况。结果:核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点三种基因型(GG型,GT型和TT型)在中国北方汉族人群冠心病组的分布频率分别为53.8%,36.2%和10.1%,在对照组的分布频率分别为45.6%,46.2%和8.2%,核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点的基因型和等位基因频率分布在对照组和冠心病组之间存在统计学差异(P0.05)。Logistic回归分别校正冠心病的其他危险因素性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病等后,核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点与中国北方汉族人群的冠心病的发病存在相关关系(P0.05)。结论:核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态与中国北方汉族人群冠心病的发病存在相关关系,IRF-1基因+141 G/T多态可能是中国北方汉族人群冠心病发病的独立危险因子。     

Studies on Correlation Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor Gene and Different Stages of Ankylosing Spondylitis

To examine if there is any correlation between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and TNF-α gene promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and their associated haplotypes. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism—polymerase chain reaction method, the polymorphism of TNF-α-238, -308, -850, -857, -863 locus, and TNF-β +252 were analyzed in patients with progressive AS, stable AS and control. (1) Neither the genotypes nor the allele frequencies of TNF-α (-308), (-238), (-863), and TNF-β +252 showed differences in each group. TNF-α (-850) CC genotype and C allele frequency distribution was significantly higher in healthy controls group than in the stable and progressive groups. TNF-α (-857) CT, CC genotype, and C, T allele frequency showed differences in all groups. (2) Polymorphism linkage equilibrium test revealed that association of six TNF-α, β gene SNPs with haplotype GACTCG in progressive group is significantly higher than in the stable group and healthy control group (P < 0.05). TNF-α (-857), (-850) gene polymorphism may increase the susceptibility to AS, but do not reflect the disease active state. The CC genotype and C allele may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of AS. TNF-α (-308) may be a weak indicator reflecting the active state of AS. Haplotype GACTCG may indicate both the susceptibility and the activity of AS.     

Haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus, PAH, in a global representation of populations

Because defects in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) cause phenylketonuria (PKU), PAH was studied for normal polymorphisms and linkage disequilibrium soon after the gene was cloned. Studies in the 1980s concentrated on European populations in which PKU was common and showed that haplotype-frequency variation exists between some regions of the world. In European populations, linkage disequilibrium generally was found not to exist between RFLPs at opposite ends of the gene but was found to exist among the RFLPs clustered at each end. We have now undertaken the first global survey of normal variation and disequilibrium across the PAH gene. Four well-mapped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning approximately 75 kb, two near each end of the gene, were selected to allow linkage disequilibrium across most of the gene to be examined. These SNPs were studied as PCR-RFLP markers in samples of, on average, 50 individuals for each of 29 populations, including, for the first time, multiple populations from Africa and from the Americas. All four sites are polymorphic in all 29 populations. Although all but 5 of the 16 possible haplotypes reach frequencies >5% somewhere in the world, no haplotype was seen in all populations. Overall linkage disequilibrium is highly significant in all populations, but disequilibrium between the opposite ends is significant only in Native American populations and in one African population. This study demonstrates that the physical extent of linkage disequilibrium can differ substantially among populations from different regions of the world, because of both ancient genetic drift in the ancestor common to a large regional group of modern populations and recent genetic drift affecting individual populations.     

AGT基因单倍型与原发性高血压

选取血管紧张素原（angiotensinogen, AGT）基因启动子区 -217, -152, -20, -6, 内含子1 的+31, 第二外显子T174M（3889）和 T235M（4072）共7个位点,对497例的样本（高血压患者298例,血压正常对照199例） 用PCR-RFLP、和最大期望值（expectation maximization,EM）算法为基础的最大似然法(maximum likelihood estimate,MLE)检测和估算,本群体AGT基因A-6G,C+31T,T235M三位点两两存在完全连锁不平衡(D^,=1);G-217A和G-152A位点,G-152A和3889T位点平衡传递。存在7种单倍型,单倍型H2(-217: A, -152: G, -20: A, -6: G, +31: T, 174: T, 235: M) 在正常血压个体中的频率高于高血压组。研究结果提示AGT基因中H2单倍型可能与控制血压的保护性因素连锁不平衡。此外,本研究结果支持基因剂量效应可能存在于单倍型中,而不与单个位点直接关联。     

脑源性神经营养因子基因多态性与注意缺陷多动障碍的关联性研究

目的：探讨脑源性神经营养因子（Brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF）G196A、C270T及Val66Met3个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的关系。方法：选取无亲缘关系的ADHD患者共114例,健康对照共96例。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术检测G196A、C270T和Val66Met3个多态性位点的多态性,采用HaploView4.0及SPSS13.0软件进行连锁不平衡分析并比较两组基因型分布和等位基因频率。结果：BDNF三个多态性位点基因型及等位基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。ADHD组G196A和C270T多态性位点分布与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而BDNF基因Val66Met位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布在ADHD组与对照组存在显著性差异（p〈0.05）,ADHD组Val66Met位点的等位基因G（Val）频率显著高于正常对照组。结论：BDNF基因Val66Met多态性可能与ADHD发病有关,携带有Val66Met多态性位点G等位基因的个体可能更容易产生ADHD。     

Association of IL1R polymorphism with HLA-B27 positive in Iranian patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is one of the most common causes of inflammatory arthritis, with an estimated prevalence of 0.1-0.9%. Genetic factors have been strongly implicated in its aetiology, and heritability as assessed by twin studies has been estimated to be >90%. HLA- B27 is almost essential for inheritance of AS; it is not merely sufficient for explaining the pattern of familial recurrence of the disease. This study's purpose is to investigate the association of ankylosing spondylitis with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-1 family: IL-1a (-889C/T) rs1800587, IL-1b (-511C/T) rs16944, IL-1b (+3962C/T) rs1143634, IL-1R (Pst-1 1970C/T) rs2234650 and IL-1RA (Mspa-1 11100C/T) rs315952. 99 unrelated Iranian AS patients and 217 healthy control subjects were selected. Cytokine typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers assay. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms were determined: The IL1α rs1800587, IL1β rs16944 and IL1β rs1143634 were not significantly associated with AS. Genotype frequencies at IL1R rs2234650 differed between cases and controls (χ(2)=8.85; p=0.01); the IL1R rs2234650 C/T and T/T genotypes were less common in AS patients than controls. The IL1R rs2234650 C/T genotype was inversely associated with AS comparing with the IL1R rs2234650 C/C genotype (OR=0.48; p=0.005). IL1R rs2234650 C/T genotype was less common in patients than controls (OR=0.37; p=0.02).Furthermore IL1R rs2234650 T allele was strongly associated with HLA-B2702 patients rather than HLA-B2705 but was not associated with HLA-B27 negative patients (OR=0.33; p=0.01). Polymorphisms of IL1α rs1800587, IL1β rs16944 and IL1β rs1143634 were not significantly associated with ankylosing spondylitis but inversely in this study IL1R rs2234650 was significantly associated and carriage of T allele in IL1R rs2234650 seems to be protective, while carriage of C allele result in two fold higher risk of developing AS.     

CHOP T/C and C/T haplotypes contribute to early-onset type 2 diabetes in Italians

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion, insulin insensitivity and decreased beta-cell mass. Multiple genes contribute to T2D. The chromosome 12q13.1 region is in linkage to T2D in different populations, including our Italian dataset. CHOP is a candidate gene for the linkage, as it is located in the chromosome 12q13.1 region, and may contribute to T2D by increasing beta-cell apoptosis susceptibility and by impairing insulin sensitivity. Our goal was to identify any potential CHOP gene variants contributing to T2D in our Italian early-onset T2D families, which show linkage to the CHOP region. We directly sequenced the CHOP gene in 28 Italian probands of the linked T2D families and in 115 control subjects. We performed genotype and haplotype association tests with T2D of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We performed model-free and parametric association haplotype tests with T2D. We identified three SNPs [5'UTR-c.279T > C, 5'UTR-c.120A > G and + nt30C > T (F10F)] in CHOP. These SNPs are in complete linkage disequilibrium. The genotype association test showed an association trend with T2D of TT (F10F) and AG (-c.120A > G). The haplotype association test provided significant results for the haplotypes T/C (frequency = 0.33) and C/T (frequency = 0.01) (at 5'UTR-c.279T > C and + nt30C > T, respectively) under non-parametric analysis (P-value = 0.0000), recessive model (P-value = 0.0000) and additive model (P-value = 0.0014). Our data show that CHOP described haplotypes T/C and C/T, as an additive and as a homozygous variant, contribute significantly to T2D in our Italian early-onset group. We conclude that the CHOP T/C and C/T haplotype contributes to our T2D linkage signal on chromosome 12q13.1.     

A primary assembly of a bovine haplotype block map based on a 15,036-single-nucleotide polymorphism panel genotyped in holstein-friesian cattle

Analysis of data on 1000 Holstein-Friesian bulls genotyped for 15,036 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has enabled genomewide identification of haplotype blocks and tag SNPs. A final subset of 9195 SNPs in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and mapped on autosomes on the bovine sequence assembly (release Btau 3.1) was used in this study. The average intermarker spacing was 251.8 kb. The average minor allele frequency (MAF) was 0.29 (0.05-0.5). Following recent precedents in human HapMap studies, a haplotype block was defined where 95% of combinations of SNPs within a region are in very high linkage disequilibrium. A total of 727 haplotype blocks consisting of > or =3 SNPs were identified. The average block length was 69.7 +/- 7.7 kb, which is approximately 5-10 times larger than in humans. These blocks comprised a total of 2964 SNPs and covered 50,638 kb of the sequence map, which constitutes 2.18% of the length of all autosomes. A set of tag SNPs, which will be useful for further fine-mapping studies, has been identified. Overall, the results suggest that as many as 75,000-100,000 tag SNPs would be needed to track all important haplotype blocks in the bovine genome. This would require approximately 250,000 SNPs in the discovery phase.