A phylogenetic revision of the true bug genus Heraeus (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini), with the description of two new genera and 30 new species

Prior to this study, the genus Heraeus Stål, 1862 included 14 species, all of which are restricted to the Western Hemisphere. Three species are known from the Nearctic Region, nine from the Neotropical Region, and two mainly tropical elements are distributed in both regions. In this contribution, we consider Heraeus cincticornis Stål, 1874 a junior synonym of Heraeus elegans (Walker, 1873), select a lectotype for Heraeus coquilletti Barber, 1914, and neotype for Lygaeus triguttatus Guérin‐Méneville, 1857, and describe 28 new species. In addition, the two new genera, Baranowskiobius gen. nov., to include H. elegans (Baranowskiobius elegans comb. nov.) and two new species, and Paraheraeus gen. nov., to include Heraeus eximius Distant, 1882 (Paraheraeus eximius comb. nov.), are described. Previously described species and new taxa are (re)described and illustrated, including male genitalia. Scanning electron micrographs, general habitus photographs, and distribution maps are included for all species studied. A phylogenetic analysis comprising 46 terminal taxa and 50 morphological characters was performed, and five species groups were hypothesized, including the coquilletti, caliginosus, guttatus, illitus, and plebejus groups. All known species of Heraeus and the new genera are included in the phylogenetic analysis. The type species of the genera Myodocha Latreille, 1807, Orthaea Dallas, 1852, and Paisana Dellapé, 2008 are used as out‐groups.     

The taxonomic status of Hylopsis platycephalus Werner, 1894 and Centrolenella Noble, 1920 (Amphibia: Anura)

On the assumption that the holotype of the South American frog Hylopsis platycephalus, described by Franz Werner in 1894, had been lost, Lynch (1981) designated a neotype, but in so doing incorrectly associated a centrolenid species with that name. As a result of the neotype designation, the genus Centrolenella Noble, 1920 (Centrolenidae) became a junior subjective synonym of Hylopsis Werner, 1894.
The holotype of Hylopsis platycephalus, which has never been lost, was obtained from the Institut fur Zoologie der Universität Wien and on examination was found to be a species of Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838 (Hylidae) distinct from other known members of the genus. Centrolenella Noble is thus validated and Hylopsis (ayn. nov.) becomes a junior subjective synonym of Sphaenorhynchus.
The rules of nomenclature relating to the neotype are discussed and Sphaenorhynchus platycephalus comb. nov. is redescribed. The centrolenid species which Lynch (1981) assigned to Hylopsis platycephalus is named Centrolenella savagei sp. nov.     

Taxonomic revision of three diatoms found in Lake Malawi: Afrocymbella brunii (Fricke) comb. nov., Afrocymbella rossii (Kociolek & Stoermer) comb. nov., and Aulacoseira euareolata (O.Müller) comb. nov. et nom. nov

Based on epilithic diatom samples collected from the rocky littoral zone of Lake Malawi (102 diatom taxa belonging to 34 genera were listed in the Supporting Information) we proposed the transfer of three taxa to new genera. Afrocymbella brunii (Fricke) comb. nov. was transferred from Gomphonema because of its dorsiventral valve and its transapically elongated dorsal stigma. Afrocymbella rossii (Kociolek & Stoermer) comb. nov. was also transferred from Gomphocymbella, which is actually a synonym of Gomphonema. Aulacoseira euareolata (O.Müller) comb. nov. et nom. nov. was transferred from Melosira because of the presence of linking spines and mantle areolae, and its specific epithet was replaced because of homonymy with Aulacoseira areolata Moisseeva.     

Taxonomic studies on new or critical fungi of non-pathogenic Onygenales 4

Three noteworthy taxa of soil-borne onygenalean fungi are described and illustrated:Kraurogymnocarpa trochleospora, comb. nov.,Kuehniella aurea, comb. nov., andNannizziopsis albicans. In addition,Aphanoascus boninensis, which was previously described as a new species, is considered to be a synonym ofUncinocarpus orissi.     

The belemnites described by Baron Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim (1764–1832)

E. F. v. Schlotheim described 46 species of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites in 1813,1820, and 1832. Their type specimens are in part housed at the Humboldt University of Berlin. The holotype ofBelemnites irregularis is here refigured. Lectotypes forB. acuarius, B. canaliculatus, B. clavatus, B. giganteus, andB. tripartitus are designated and figured for the first time. The lectotype ofBelemnites giganteus is designated to be the neotype ofBelemnites suevicus Klein 1773. 36 species are nomina nuda and nomina dubia, because none of their type specimens could be detected, among them the invalidB. paxillosus v. Schlotheim 1820, which is, according to its lectotype designated herein, likeBelemnites giganteus, a junior synonym ofMegateuthis suevica (Klein 1773). An original type specimenof Belemnites mucronatusv. Schlotheim 1813, for which a neotype had already been ruled by the ICZN in 1985, was re-discovered in thev. Schlotheim collection in 1996.v. Schlotheim’s belemnites were up to now designated to be type species of 12 genera.     

Typification of Linnaean taxa of annual Poaceae: Poeae related to Vulpia and Desmazeria

STACE, C. A. & JARVIS, C. E., 1985. TypiHcation of Linnaean taxa of annual Poaceae: Poeae related to Vulpia and Desmazeria. The status and typification of 15 Linnaean species of annual grasses related to Vulpia and Desmazeria are discussed. Of these 15, eight are represented by holotypes or lectotypes in LINN, two by lectotypes in Herb. A. van Royen (L), and one by a neotype in LINN. One (Festuca marina) is based on a pre-Linnaean polynomial and is represented by a lectotype in Herb. Sloane (BM); one (Cynosurus durus) has no known type specimens and we have chosen a Barrelier (1714) illustration as lectotype; one (Nardus aristatus) is an illegitimate name change for Nardus incurvus Gouan, for which we have selected a Scheuchzer (1719) illustration as lectotype; and finally Festuca incrassala appeared on a cancelled page of Species Plantarum and has no nomenclatural standing.     

Manna scale,Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & Ehrenberg) (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)*

Abstract. The mealybug Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829) is described and illustrated, and a neotype female selected from topotypic material collected in the Sinai Peninsula. A lectotype female is designated for Trabutina palestina Bodenheimer (1927) which is shown to be a junior synonym of T.mannipara.     

Ants of the tribe Formicini (Hymenoptera,Formicidae) from Late Eocene amber of Europe

The tribe Formicini (Formicinae) from the Late Eocene Baltic, Bitterfeld, Rovno, and Scandinavian ambers is revised. Ants are recorded for the first time from the Bitterfeld and Scandinavian ambers. Two new genera (Cataglyphoides gen. nov. and Conoformica gen. nov.) and six new species (Cataglyphoides intermedius sp. nov., Conoformica bitterfeldiana sp. nov., Formica kutscheri sp. nov., F. palaeopolonica sp. nov., F. radchenkoi sp. nov., F. zherikhini sp. nov.) are described. A new combination, Cataglyphoides constrictus (Mayr, 1868), comb. nov., is established. A lectotype of Camponotus constrictus Mayr, 1868 and a neotype of Formica phaethusa Wheeler, 1915 are designated. Formica clymene Wheeler, 1915 is recognized as a new synonym of F. phaethusa Wheeler, 1915. An identification key for workers of Formicini species from Late Eocene European ambers is provided.     

New planthoppers of the tribe Achilini (Homoptera,Fulgoroidea, Achilidae) from Baltic amber

New taxa of Achilini (Achilidae) are described from Baltic amber: Paratesum rasnitsyni gen. et sp. nov., Protomenocria notata gen. et sp. nov., Psycheona variegata gen. et sp. nov., P. striata sp. nov. Protepiptera kaweckii Usinger, 1939 (= Cixidia christinae Lefebvre, Bourgoin et Nel, 2007, syn. nov.) is redescribed with designation of a neotype. “Cixius” testudinarius Germar et Berendt, 1856, “C.” longirostris Germar et Berendt, 1856 and “Oliarus” oligocenus Cockerell, 1910 are transferred to Achilini. A key to the genera of Achilidae known from Baltic amber is provided.