寄主植物对荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵的引诱作用

试验观察荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensisBradley对寄主植物品种、器官及器官部位的产卵选择性规律。结果表明,与老梢相比,荔枝蒂蛀虫明显倾向于选择嫩梢产卵;4个荔枝品种果枝中以妃子笑上落卵数最多,在淮枝、糯米糍荔枝果实上较少,桂味荔枝上最少;不同的荔枝品种果实气味引诱雌虫产卵的能力不同,其中妃子笑引诱力最强,淮枝、糯米糍引诱力较低,桂味最低;在同一荔枝果实不同部位的落卵量,以果皮上、下两部分较大,全果明显低于果皮上部,而荔枝肉和荔枝核上没有落卵。     

裂果易发性不同的荔枝品种果皮中细胞壁代谢酶活性的比较

“糯米糍”荔枝裂果率极显著高于“淮枝”,前者果皮中的果胶酶、纤维素酶和果胶甲酯酶的活性高于后者,其中以果胶酶活性差异最明显,其次是纤维素酶,果胶甲酯酶差异最小;“糯米糍”细胞壁结合型的过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PP0)活性明显高于“淮枝”,而水溶性POD和PP0的活性则两个品种间无明显差异。据此认为,果皮细胞壁水解酶活性以及细胞壁结合型的POD和PPO的活性高的荔枝品种,其裂果率也高。文章对细胞壁代谢相关酶类在果皮抗裂性形成中的作用进行了讨论。     

荔枝果实发育过程中果皮色素的变化

以妃子笑、糯米糍荔枝为材料,研究了二者果实发育过程中色素形成规律。结果表明：妃子笑、糯米糍果实发育生长曲线均呈单“Ｓ”型;妃子笑果实发育第Ｉ期比糯米糍短７－１０ｄ;二者果实花青苷在发育期第Ｉ、ＩＩ期均有一个合成高峰;妃子笑的花青苷总体水平明显低于糯米糍;妃子笑、糯米糍花青苷合成与叶绿素含量虽不呈显著的相关性,但在果实发育后期花色苷合成迅速上升时,伴随着叶绿素含量的急剧下降;妃子笑、糯米糍的花色苷合成与苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）活性变化不存在显著相关性。     

利用RAPD标记研究荔枝品种的亲缘关系

采用改进的CTAB方法提取34个荔枝品种的基因组DNA为模板,从50个10碱基的随机引物中获得了37个多态性RAPD标记,聚类分析结果表明这34个荔枝品种可以分成4组,第一组有"状元红"、"元红"、"桂林"、"宋家香"、"台湾荔","下番枝"、"东刘一号"、"妃子笑"、"白糖罂"、"香丸"、"绿沙";第二组有"无栗子"、"水东"、"乌叶"、"蔡家肉丸"、"青壳糯米糍"、"糯米糍";第三组有"桂味"、"光明"、"白荔枝"、"陈紫"、"兰竹"、"及第"、"踏死牛";第四组有"回头降"、"葡萄本"、"淮枝"、"南海荔"、"大造"、"早红"、"火烧荔"、"乌叶舅"、"密丁香"、"绿荷包".     

荔枝受荔枝蝽危害后对平腹小蜂趋性的影响

采用Y-型嗅觉仪测定了荔枝蝽Tessaratoma papillosa成虫危害后,糯米糍、桂味和三月红3个荔枝品种对平腹小蜂Anastatus japonicus行为的影响。结果发现：只有当超过3头荔枝蝽成虫危害时,糯米糍植株才对平腹小蜂具有较强的引诱效果;三月红健康植株本身对平腹小蜂的引诱效果就较强,对其进行机械损伤或者害虫取食后这种作用有一定程度的增强;而桂味健康植株与机械损伤植株、虫害植株对平腹小蜂行为的影响大致相同。随着荔枝蝽危害时间的延长,以上3个品种都在被害后第2天对平腹小蜂的引诱作用达到最强,此后这种效果逐渐降低。3个品种中三月红植株在虫害后做出反应的速度最快。平腹小蜂对桂味植株的趋性一直处于相对较低的水平。     

采后荔枝果实的类脂褐素和有机自由基水平的变化

两个荔枝品种(糯米糍和淮枝)果实的类脂褐素水平随贮放时间延长而增高。低温抑制类脂褐素的形成。品种间果皮的自由基水平呈不同类型的变化。     

荔龙宝叶面肥对荔枝果实产量及品质的影响

1998年和1999年连续两年的田间试验表明,喷施荔龙宝可显著提高妃子笑和糯米糍荔枝的产量,显著增加两品种的单果重和可溶性固形物含量,按1999年数据计算,在妃子笑和糯米糍上应用荔龙宝的投入产出比分别是1：35和1：57。     

荔枝花蜜分泌规律及可溶性糖组分和含量的分析

为了解荔枝(Litchi chinensis)花蜜的分泌规律和主要组分,对‘糯米糍’、‘桂味’和‘怀枝’3个主栽品种雄花和雌花的花蜜分泌模式进行研究,并测定花蜜中可溶性糖的组分和含量。结果表明,采样期间果园阴天和晴天气温差异不明显,但阴天的相对空气湿度显著高于晴天。总体上阴天的荔枝花蜜分泌量高于晴天,雌花的花蜜分泌量高于雄花,‘桂味’和‘糯米糍’的花蜜分泌量均高于‘怀枝’。晴天花蜜中的可溶性固形物含量高于阴天的,且在雌花中表现尤为明显。‘怀枝’花蜜中的可溶性固形物含量最高,可达37.7%,‘桂味’其次,‘糯米糍’最少(17.7%)。利用高效液相色谱检测,荔枝花蜜中主要可溶性糖组分为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,以葡萄糖含量最高。晴天时‘怀枝’雌花花蜜中可溶性糖含量达450.36μg m L–1,显著高于另外两个品种。这为荔枝栽培和花蜜生产提供科学依据。     

荔枝胚败育过程中内源激素与蛋白质含量的变化

连续3年(1999-2001年)对典型的荔枝焦核品种桂味、糯米糍和大核品种黑叶、怀枝花后10-40d的幼胚和胚乳内源激素、多酚含量及蛋白质动态变化进行研究。结果表明,焦核品种幼胚及胚乳中的IAA、GAs和ABA含量低于大核品种;多酚类物质含量在胚中低于大核品种,胚乳中则高于大核品种;胚和胚乳中的蛋白质含量均低于大核品种。蛋白质电泳结果显示,22．5、28．5和45kD这3类蛋白质在怀枝和黑叶的胚蛋白质代谢过程中表现出较高的稳定性,桂味和糯米糍胚蛋白质中的28．5kD蛋白质也有相似的特性。     

不同荔枝品种采后果实衰老的比较

比较了5个荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)品种("怀枝"、"糯米糍"、"桂味"、"红蜜荔"和"水晶球")果实采后在常温下的衰老表现.其中,"糯米糍"果实衰老褐变快,而"桂味"衰老最为缓慢.果实褐变过程伴随失水,但品种间脱水速度与果实衰老的速度无显著相关性.果皮的褐变潜力、果皮细胞壁糖醛酸含量、果胶甲酯化程度、果皮和果肉总钙含量、果皮水溶性钙含量与果实衰老均无显著的相关性,但膜透性与坏果率呈显著的正相关,而果皮结构钙与之有显著的负相关性.     

四个桂花品种挥发油成分研究(英文)

采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术首次同时对桂花四大栽培品系代表品种白洁、败育丹桂、佛顶珠和金桂的挥发油成分进行对比研究。从四个代表品种中共分离鉴定了72个化学成分,其中,21个是共有成分,但这四个品系中还存在着不同。结果发现,α-甲基--α[4-甲基-3-戊烯基]环氧丙醇存在于4个品种中,是白洁、败育丹桂和佛顶珠的主要成分之一,含量高达14~16%,但在金桂中仅有3.94%;芳樟醇存在于四个样品中,在佛顶珠中含量最高(9.83%);3-乙烯基-3-甲基-环己烷酮(7.89%)仅存在于佛顶珠中,邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯仅存在于金桂中,并且含量最高(23.99%)。     

硫脲、GA3打破不同需冷量观赏桃花品种自然休眠的效果研究

利用硫脲、赤霉素(GA3)的不同浓度、不同时期以观赏桃花品种‘迎春’、‘满天红’、‘菊花桃’为材料,进行打破自然休眠的研究。结果表明：(1)在不同时期化学药剂处理有不同的破眠效果,最佳处理时期为低温累积量达到该品种需冷量的50％～60％时为最好。即‘迎春’在低温累积量达200～250h左右处理破眠效果最好;‘满天红’在低温累积量达450h时处理效果最好;‘菊花桃’则只在需冷量累积达600～750h时处理有实用价值。(2)使用硫脲、GA3在一定程度上能够打破观赏桃花自然休眠．部分代替观赏桃花的需冷量．而且效果因品种而异。具体表现为：硫脲、GA3对打破中、长需冷量观赏桃品种‘满天红’、‘菊花桃’的自然休眠更有效．对短需冷量品种‘迎春’的效果甚微。(3)硫脲、GA3处理并结合设施栽培技术管理体系,可以达到提前花期的目的,使中长需冷量(600～1000h)的观赏桃花品种也能在春节期间供应市场。     

中华猕猴桃雄性株系

通过对近年来选育的"磨山4号"、"磨山5号"、"武植82-12"、"武植80-4"、"武植82-5"等5个中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch)雄性株系的花期、花量、花粉生活力、花粉量的观察,并分析与"武植3号"授粉对果实的影响,从综合性状来看,"磨山4号"花期比一般雄株长2个星期左右(约20天),有效花粉量高,株型紧凑,授粉后的果实单果重及Vc的含量均高于其它雄株,为中华猕猴桃适配雄株。     

中华猕猴桃雄性株系"磨山4号"的选育研究

通过对近年来选育的“磨山４号”、“磨山５号”、“武植８２－１２”、“武植８０－４”、“武植８２－５”等５个中华猕猴桃（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＰｌａｎｃｈ）雄性株系的花期、花量、花粉生活力、花粉量的观察,并分析与“武植３号”授粉对果实的影响,从综合性状来看,“磨山４号”花期比一般雄株长２个星期左右（约２０天）,有效花粉量高,株型紧凑,授粉后的果实单果重及Ｖｃ的含量均高于其它雄株,为中华猕猴桃适配雄株。     

Identification of allelic state of leaf rust-resistance Lr34 gene in the cultivars of soft winter wheat of Ukrainian breeding

The distribution of alleles at the Lr34 locus associated with leaf rust resistance among winter common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of Ukrainian breeding was studied. Co-dominant molecular-genetic marker cssfr5 was used for detection of the allelic condition of the Lr34 locus. The cultivars with detected allele Lr34(+) were identified as potentially "resistant" and the cultivars in which detected allele Lr34(-) were identified as potentially "susceptible". The collection of the cultivars (81 ones), created in the main plant breeding centers of Ukraine was analyzed. The allele Lr34(+) was identified in 44% cultivars. Results were compared with the data about the distribution of the Lr34(+) in cultivars created in different countries.     

小麦品种电泳分类鉴定技术的标准化研究

在甘氨酸-乙酸缓冲系统(pH 3.10)下采用9％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,比较研究了小麦(Triticumaestivum L.)“烟农15”、“济南13”、“莱州95”和“Marquis”品种的醇溶蛋白图谱误差变化及其有关控制方法。在每个凝胶板上误差呈规律性变化,迁移距离越大,谱带误差越大。同2.05cm谱带相比,9.25cm谱带标准误为0.0332,增大2倍;极差由1.5mm增大到4.5mm。国内3个小麦品种“莱州953”、“济南13”和“烟农15”群体内不存在电泳生物型。“莱州953”由于深色谱带多、分布合理,可作为基本电泳参照品种;“济南13”则由于总带数和特有谱带多,可作辅助参照品种。根据筛选的2.05、3.15、6.05和9.25cm标志带及其实际迁移大小,计算各电泳道谱带的矫正系数和矫正迁移距离。这种移动矫正法能使图谱误差降低约2/3。     

Cloning and Expression Analysis of Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Polyphenol Oxidase Gene and Relationship with Postharvest Pericarp Browning

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) plays a key role in the postharvest pericarp browning of litchi fruit, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we cloned the litchi PPO gene (LcPPO, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"JF926153","term_id":"350601663","term_text":"JF926153"}}JF926153), and described its expression patterns. The LcPPO cDNA sequence was 2120 bps in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1800 bps. The ORF encoded a polypeptide with 599 amino acid residues, sharing high similarities with other plant PPO. The DNA sequence of the ORF contained a 215-bp intron. After carrying out quantitative RT-PCR, we proved that the LcPPO expression was tissue-specific, exhibiting the highest level in the flower and leaf. In the pericarp of newly-harvested litchi fruits, the LcPPO expression level was relatively high compared with developing fruits. Regardless of the litchi cultivar and treatment conditions, the LcPPO expression level and the PPO activity in pericarp of postharvest fruits exhibited the similar variations. When the fruits were stored at room temperature without packaging, all the pericarp browning index, PPO activity and the LcPPO expression level of litchi pericarps were reaching the highest in Nandaowuhe (the most rapid browning cultivar), but the lowest in Ziniangxi (the slowest browning cultivar) within 2 d postharvest. Preserving the fruits of Feizixiao in 0.2-μm plastic bag at room temperature would decrease the rate of pericarp water loss, delay the pericarp browning, and also cause the reduction of the pericarp PPO activity and LcPPO expression level within 3 d postharvest. In addition, postharvest storage of Feizixiao fruit stored at 4°C delayed the pericarp browning while decreasing the pericarp PPO activity and LcPPO expression level within 2 d after harvest. Thus, we concluded that the up-regulation of LcPPO expression in pericarp at early stage of postharvest storage likely enhanced the PPO activity and further accelerated the postharvest pericarp browning of litchi fruit.     

Discrimination among cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using DNA polymorphisms amplified from arbitrary primers

RAPDs (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs) were used to discriminate among 23 cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) selected from several breeding programs. A set of 100 random sequence 10-mer primers were tested, of which 70 produced bands and 22 showed evidence of polymorphism. A selection of six primers produced 23 polymorphic bands of between 300 to 2200 base pairs in size, sufficient to distinguish between the cultivars. An analysis of seed of five cultivars obtained from four different sites showed stability of banding pattern over source of seed. The analysis was repeated using four different thermocyclers, each of which produced the same band pattern. UPGMA cluster analysis indicates that the relationships among some of the cultivars is closer for those from the same breeding program than for those from different programs. The results of this study show that RAPDs can be used as a method of identification for oilseed rape cultivars.Contribution number 941