抗菌肽magainin Ⅱ的密码子优化及在大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母中的表达

Magainin Ⅱ是非洲爪蟾皮肤分泌的一种抗菌肽,在低浓度下即能够对细菌、真菌、原虫、肿瘤等都具有杀伤作用,并且与同是来源于非洲爪蟾皮肤的另一种抗菌肽PGLa在杀菌、抗肿瘤等方面具有很好的协同效应。文中分别按照大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母的密码子利用频率,对抗菌肽magainin Ⅱ以及杂合抗菌肽magainin Ⅱ-PGLa,进行了密码子优化。构建了高效表达抗菌肽magainin Ⅱ的原核表达载体,经过蛋白酶切割获得纯化的抗菌肽magainin Ⅱ。同时进一步构建了杂合抗菌肽magainin Ⅱ-PGLa的分泌型毕赤酵母表达载体,实现了杂合抗菌肽在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达。本研究为magainin Ⅱ和magainin Ⅱ-PGLa的生产与应用奠定了基础。     

迟眼蕈蚊抗菌肽BhSGAMP-1-S在大肠杆菌中的优化表达及其活性分析(英文)

【目的】BhSGAMP-1 是迟眼蕈蚊唾液腺抗菌肽,为了能够更好的了解其分子特性,我们将其表达、纯化并进行了活性测定。【方法】依据大肠杆菌稀有密码子设计并合成了抗菌肽基因 BhSGAMP-1-S,以 pMAL-c2X 作为表达载体在大肠杆菌 TB1 中进行融合表达,融合蛋白通过麦芽糖亲和层析柱进行纯化,获得的融合蛋白经肠激酶切割后,混合物通过分子筛凝胶层析和反相高效液相色谱来获得单体重组抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,对获得的抗菌肽进行活性测定。【结果】在最优的表达条件下融合蛋白以可溶的形式表达,100 mL 诱导菌液经多步纯化后可得 0. 38 mg 的重组抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,抑菌活性测定表明所获得的抗菌肽对部分测试革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌有较强的抑菌活性。【结论】本研究第一次成功的在大肠杆菌中诱导表达了修饰合成的抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,纯化后的抗菌肽具有很好的抑菌活性,这为进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。     

人工合成抗菌肽D2A21基因的克隆和表达

为了获得高效表达的抗菌肽D2A21,本研究根据抗菌肽D2A21的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子,设计并人工合成D2A21基因,并将该合成基因克隆至pProEXHTb载体中,构建成含有含6个组氨酸标签的重组质粒。重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌中,经摇瓶发酵,IPTG诱导后,发酵液用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,成功合成D2A21基因,并构建了抗菌肽D2A21表达载体。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,抗菌肽D2A21能够在大肠杆菌中稳定表达。本研究将为大规模表达纯化D2A21及其进一步的研究和利用提供一定基础。     

中国家蚕抗菌肽ABP-CM4在E.coli中的融合表达及活性分析

参照天然抗菌肽CM4(ABP-CM4)氨基酸序列和大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,采用rPCR法获得CM4基因后重组到表达载体pET32a上,在E.coli中融合表达。表达产物以可溶性存在,经Ni2 -NTA琼脂糖亲和层析获得融合蛋白,再经甲酸切割、亲和层析和阳离子交换层析,得到纯化的重组抗菌肽。琼脂糖扩散法和液相测定法证明了纯化的抗菌肽具有抗菌活性。     

串联抗菌肽Cecropin B基因在莱茵衣藻中的表达及其抗菌活性分析

为了应对各种抗生素在水产养殖业所带来的副作用,我们在本文中尝试利用微藻对一种抗菌肽进行表达的可行性研究．根据莱茵衣藻核基因组偏爱密码子对抗菌肽Cecropin B基因进行改造,并将4个经改造的Cecropin B基因依次串联起来,中间加上莱茵衣藻的自剪切连接肽序列LWMRFA,人工合成总长度为522 bp的串联Cecropin B基因．将串联Cecropin B基因克隆到含hsp70-RBCS2启动子和RBCS2终止子的pH105载体上,再与携带ble筛选基因的表达框架连接,构建重组表达载体pCB124．采用玻璃珠转化法将载体pCB124导入莱茵衣藻cc-849中,筛选得到能表达抗菌肽Cecropin B的转基因衣藻．经过6个月的保持培养后,进一步对转基因藻细胞提取液进行抗菌活性分析,发现转基因藻具有明显的抑制革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)和革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌和溶壁微球菌)生长的特征．这一结果为具有抗菌活性的饵料藻的生产和应用提供了新的途径．     

抗菌肽PekⅡ基因在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及初步纯化

目的：研究抗菌肽PekⅡ基因在大肠杆菌中的融合表达并初步纯化。方法：根据大肠杆菌密码子的偏好性,人工设计并合成2段核苷酸序列,退火获得PekⅡ基因;将此基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2中,构建成抗菌肽基因PekⅡ融合表达载体pGEX-PekⅡ,转化至大肠杆菌BL21中,用IPTG进行诱导。取超声破碎后的上清经Glutathione SepharoseTM4亲和层析得到纯化融合蛋白。结果：PCR和测序表明已获得正确PekⅡ编码基因,SDS-PAGE显示29kD处有特异性的蛋白条带出现,纯化得到的GST-PekⅡ经MALDI-TOFMS分析得出其相对分子质量为29553．03。结论：抗菌肽PekⅡ基因在大肠杆菌中的融合表达获得成功,初步纯化得到纯品。     

抗菌肽CP10A在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

CP10A是一种由抗菌肽Indolicine经过序列改造，且对多数革兰氏阳性病源细菌具有较强抗菌活性的多肽序列。本研究根据已报道的CP10A氨基酸序列，兼顾大肠杆菌密码子偏好性，设计CP10A的核苷酸序列，利用PCR技术合成相应的DNA序列，后克隆构建重组表达载体pET32a（+）-CP10A，转入大肠杆菌AD494菌株。经IPTG诱导表达和15% SDS-PAGE电泳检测后发现产物以包涵体形式存在，且融合表达量占总蛋白的50%。在变性条件下经Ni-NTA亲合柱层析及复性，最终获得了较高纯度的可溶性重组蛋白。本研究首次实现了CP10A抗菌肽在大肠杆菌中的融合表达，为进一步研究其生物学活性及应用奠定了一定的基础,同时也为研究抗菌肽表达提供了一种方法。     

鸡源抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2在大肠杆菌中的 重组表达及其生物学活性鉴定

【目的】对抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2基因进行克隆与表达,并鉴定其生物学活性。【方法】根据抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2氨基酸序列,依照大肠杆菌(E.coli)密码子的偏爱性,人工设计合成其编码基因。与质粒pET-32a连接,构建重组表达载体,转化表达宿主菌E.coliBL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,融合蛋白经溴化氰裂解后进行纯化,测定重组抗菌肽的抑菌活性。【结果】Fowlicidin-2融合蛋白以包涵体形式表达,经溴化氰裂解后,成功释放出Fowlicidin-2,获得的重组Fowlicidin-2对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有明显的抑菌效果。【结论】实现了抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2的重组表达,为抗菌肽的重组量化制备提供了理论基础与技术手段。     

抗菌肽CPIOA在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

CPIOA是一种由抗菌肽Indolicine经过序列改造，且对多数革兰氏阳性病源细菌具有较强抗菌活性的多肽序列。研究根据已报道的CP10A氨基酸序列，兼顾大肠杆菌密码子偏好性，设计CP10A的核苷酸序列，利用PCR技术合成相应的DNA序列，后克隆构建重组表达载体pET32a（＋）-CP10A，转入大肠杆菌AIM94菌株。经IPTC诱导表达和15％SDS—PAGE电泳检测后发现产物以包涵体形式存在，且融合表达量占总蛋白的50％。在变性条件下经Ni—NTA亲合柱层析及复性，最终获得了较高纯度的可溶性重组蛋白。研究首次实现了CPl0A抗菌肽在大肠杆菌中的融合表达，为进一步研究其生物学活性及应用奠定了一定的基础，同时也为研究抗菌肽表达提供了一种方法。     

密码子优化的肺炎支原体P1蛋白在大肠杆菌中的克隆表达

目的:获得密码子优化的肺炎支原体P1黏附蛋白优势表位抗原基因,并在大肠杆菌中表达,为临床诊断试剂和疫苗研制打下基础。方法:采用生物信息学分析肺炎支原体P1蛋白的抗原表位,筛选特异性P1蛋白优势表位区;采用大肠杆菌优势密码子,设计上述P1蛋白优势表位基因序列;采用退火PCR技术合成上述基因,并利用载体pGEX-4T-2实现P1优势表位抗原在大肠杆菌中的表达;采用ELISA法对纯化的P1抗原活性进行测定。结果:肺炎支原体P1蛋白特异性抗原表位主要位于1154~1521 aa,获得的P1优化密码子基因平行突变37个稀有密码子和2个终止密码子;在大肠杆菌中表达的GST-P1融合蛋白的相对分子质量为65.9×103,纯化后重组抗原能与肺炎支原体感染者血清发生特异性的免疫反应。结论:采用密码子优化基因合成技术实现了肺炎支原体P1优势表位抗原在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,为肺炎支原体感染的诊断试剂研究提供了重要参考。     

Purification and characterization of a plant antimicrobial peptide expressed in Escherichia coli

MiAMP1 is a low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, antimicrobial peptide isolated from the nut kernel of Macadamia integrifolia. A DNA sequence encoding MiAMP1 with an additional ATG start codon was cloned into a modified pET vector under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter. The pET vector was cotransformed together with the vector pSB161, which expresses a rare arginine tRNA. The peptide was readily isolated in high yield from the insoluble fraction of the Escherichia coli extract. The purified peptide was shown to have an identical molecular weight to the native peptide by mass spectroscopy indicating that the N-terminal methionine had been cleaved. Analysis by NMR spectroscopy indicated that the refolded recombinant peptide had a similar overall three-dimensional structure to that of the native peptide. The peptide inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro in a similar manner to the native peptide. To our knowledge, MiAMP1 is the first antimicrobial peptide from plants to be functionally expressed in E. coli. This will permit a detailed structure-function analysis of the peptide and studies of its mode of action on phytopathogens.     

Biodiversity in aerobic granule membrane bioreactor at high organic loading rates

Antibacterial peptide CM4 (ABP-CM4) is a small cationic peptide with broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells, which may possibly be used as an antimicrobial agent. We report here the application of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) fusion technology to the expression and purification of cationic antibacterial peptide ABP-CM4. The fusion protein expressed in a soluble form was purified to a purity of 90% by Ni-IDA chromatography and 112 mg protein of interest was obtained per liter of fermentation culture. After the SUMO–CM4 fusion protein was cleaved by the SUMO protease at 30 °C for 1 h, the cleaved sample was re-applied to a Ni-IDA. Finally, about 24 mg recombinant CM4 was obtained from 1 l fermentation culture with no less than 96% purity and the recombinant CM4 had similar antimicrobial properties to the synthetic CM4. Thus, the SUMO-mediated peptide expression and purification system potentially could be employed for the production of recombinant cytotoxic peptides.     

SUMO Mediating Fusion Expression of Antimicrobial Peptide CM4 from two Joined Genes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

Antibacterial peptide CM4 (ABP-CM4) is a small cationic peptide with broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells, which may possibly be used as an antimicrobial agent. To improve the expression level of CM4 in Escherichia coli, two tandem repeats of CM4 genes were cloned into the vector pSUMO to construct an expression vector pSUMO–2CM4. The fusion protein SUMO–2CM4, purified by Ni²⁺-chelating chromatography, was cleaved by hydroxylamine hydrochloride to release recombinant CM4. After the cleaved sample was re-applied to a Ni-IDA column, finally, about 48 mg recombinant CM4 was obtained from 1 L bacterial culture with no less than 96% purity, which was the highest yield of CM4 reported so far.     

死亡素与泛素在大肠杆菌中的高效融合表达

死亡素是由21个氨基酸残基组成的广谱抗菌肽。为了高效表达可溶性的死亡素,本研究利用递归式PCR（recursive PCR, rPCR）扩增了死亡素基因thanatin,并将其和家蝇Musca domestica泛素基因ubiquitin构成嵌合基因,克隆到表达载体pET-32a,再与硫氧还蛋白融合后构建表达载体pET-TRX-UBI-THA。将酶切和测序鉴定正确的质粒转化表达宿主菌BL21,经0.6 mmol/L IPTG诱导,TRX-UBI-THA融合蛋白得到了高效可溶性表达。SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测结果表明融合蛋白的分子量为28.9 kD,与预期的结果一致,表达量占菌体总蛋白的46％。Western blot分析结果显示融合蛋白能与Ni-NTA鏊合物特异性的结合,表明在融合蛋白的N-端带有6×His标签。利用C-端带有6×His标签的泛素C-端水解酶对融合蛋白进行切割,切割产物经Ni²⁺-NTA亲和柱和HPLC纯化（纯化量为5.4 mg/L）,Tricince-SDS-PAGE电泳得到单一的泛素蛋白条带。电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)分析表明,纯化的泛素分子量为2.57 kD,与通过氨基酸预测的分子量完全一致。利用琼脂孔穴扩散法对泛素活性进行检测,结果显示纯化的泛素对大肠杆菌K12D31和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus具有较强的活性抑制。本研究表明,利用泛素融合技术可以高效表达可溶性的死亡素。     

A C-terminal glycine suppresses production of pleurocidin as a fusion peptide in Escherichia coli

The winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) antimicrobial peptide pleurocidin was produced in Escherichia coli using a synthetic gene constructed by PCR. The gene expresses pleurocidin from pET21a fused to the C-terminus of an insoluble carrier peptide. Once expressed, the fusion peptide formed inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm that were collected, solubilized in guanidine-HCl, and chemically cleaved using hydroxylamine at a unique asparaginyl-glycyl dipeptide. This released recombinant pleurocidin (r-pleurocidin), which was purified using ultrafiltration followed by reverse phase chromatography. The r-pleurocidin peptide resolved as a single band (2.7 kDa) when analyzed by Tris-Tricine buffered SDS-PAGE, and its amino acid sequence was confirmed using tandem mass spectrometry. Extending the pleurocidin sequence with a C-terminal glycine (r-pleurocidin-G) suppressed production of the fusion peptide 15-fold. When pleurocidin was extended further to include aspartate (r-pleurocidin-GD), the same effect was observed, and when pleurocidin was extended with aspartate alone, no effect was observed. Expression of fusion peptide containing either r-pleurocidin-G or r-pleurocidin-GD with low concentrations of inductant caused E. coli to enter stationary phase prematurely, but did not affect overall growth rates. A partial production recovery of r-pleurocidin-G was achieved by inducing expression in stationary phase cells. We observed r-pleurocidin-G to have enhanced antimicrobial activity compared with r-pleurocidin, and we propose that this activity interferes with E. coli metabolism during expression. This antimicrobial effect is probably facilitated by residual solubility of the fusion peptide and by a C-terminal cap structure, which stabilizes the r-pleurocidin-G alpha-helix that is thought to be important for activity.     

High‐yield recombinant expression of the chicken antimicrobial peptide fowlicidin‐2 in Escherichia coli

The antimicrobial peptide fowlicidin‐2 identified in chicken is a member of the cathelicidins family. The mature fowlicidin‐2 possesses high antibacterial efficacy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) neutralizing activity, and also represents an excellent candidate as an antimicrobial agent. In the present study, the recombinant fowlicidin‐2 was successfully produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) recombinant expression system. The gene encoding fowlicidin‐2 with the codon preference of E. coli was designed through codon optimization and synthesized in vitro. The gene was then ligated into the plasmid pET‐32a(+), which features fusion protein thioredoxin at the N‐terminal. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) and cultured in Luria‐Bertani (LB) medium. After isopropyl‐β‐D‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction, the fowlicidin‐2 fusion protein was successfully expressed as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were dissolved and successfully released the peptide in 70% formic acid solution containing cyanogen bromide (CNBr) in a single step. After purification by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), ～6.0 mg of fowlicidin‐2 with purity more than 97% was obtained from 1 litre of bacteria culture. The recombinant peptide exhibited high antibacterial activity against the Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and even drug‐resistant strains. This system could be used to rapidly and efficiently produce milligram quantities of a battery of recombinant antimicrobial peptides as well as for large‐scale production. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:369–374, 2015     

黄粉虫抗茵肽TmAMP3在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及活性检测

昆虫抗菌肽具有广谱抗菌活性,克隆黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor抗菌肽基因,进行原核表达和活性检测,为昆虫抗菌肽推广应用奠定一定基础.根据GenBank公布的黄粉虫抗菌肽序列设计特异引物,以RT-PCR法从黄粉虫体内克隆了抗菌肽基因TmAMP3,将其亚克隆至pET-30a表达载体中,转化到大肠杆菌Escheric...     

杂合抗菌肽CecA-Mag的人工合成及其在Pichia pastoris中的分泌表达

根据抗菌肽天蚕素A(cecropinA,CA)N端第1~7个氨基酸残基,马盖宁(magainin,M)N端第2~12个氨基酸残基,以毕赤酵母偏爱的密码子设计合成了杂合肽CA(1~7)-M(2~12)基因,同载体pPICZα-A连接后转化Pichia pastoris受体菌SMD1168,在醇氧化酶(AOX)启动子调控下,分子量约1.9kDa的CecA-Mag杂合抗菌肽获得表达,抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物具有广谱抗菌活性,对多数G-菌及G 菌均有较好的抑菌活性。初步抑菌活性测定,显示该杂合肽对金黄色葡萄球菌、耐氨苄青霉素的大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌有良好的抑杀活性。酸稳定实验显示pH为3.2时仍具有相当高的活性。热稳定性实验显示该杂合肽100℃加热5min后仍具有抑菌活性。这些特点使得重组抗菌肽CecA-mag在疾病防治和动物饲料添加剂等方面显露出很好的应用前景。     

Expression, purification and structural characterization of recombinant hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide identified in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

The cysteine-rich peptide hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide and iron transport regulator that has been found in vertebrates including birds, fish and mammals. To elucidate the structure and biological function of fish hepcidin, which is difficult to produce synthetically, we have cloned several plasmid constructs encoding hepcidin from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and tested expression of recombinant peptides, each with an N-terminal hexahistidine (6xHis) tag, in inclusion bodies or the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. Hepcidin expressed in inclusion bodies was reduced, and subsequently refolded using a dilution technique with a cysteine redox system. The oxidized His-hepcidin monomer was separated from protein multimers and mass spectrometry analysis showed that the peptide was of the predicted size and contained four disulfide bonds. Removal of the 6xHis tag was attempted using enzymatic cleavage by Factor Xa and tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease or chemical cleavage by hydroxylamine. The Factor Xa cleavage was unsuccessful and hydroxylamine cleavage resulted in aggregation of cleaved peptide. TEV protease cleavage was successful but immediately resulted in hexamer formation despite varying reaction conditions (redox, non-redox, pH, temperature, target protein concentration, type of buffer). However, the recombinant His-hepcidin fusion peptide monomer showed considerable antimicrobial activity. NMR-based studies showed that hepcidin contained a rare vicinal disulfide linkage at the top of a loop structure and a short beta-sheet structure encompassing residues 7-13 and 19-25 that is stabilized by three disulfide bonds.     

Preferential codons enhancing the expression level of human beta-defensin-2 in recombinant Escherichia coli

Human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2) is a small antimicrobial peptide with potential as a therapeutic agent. The effect of codon usage on the expression of hBD2 in Escherichia coli was studied. Two coding sequences encoding the same hBD2 precursor were both expressed as fusion protein with thioredoxin in E. coli BL21 (DE3). One is the wild-type human cDNA and the other is a gene synthesized by a PCR-based method in which rare codons were altered to those frequently used in E. coli. The expression level of recombinant hBD2 was over 50% of the total cellular protein when the synthetic gene with preferential codons was employed which was a 9-fold enhancement over the wild-type cDNA. The result shows the codon bias of the host was a major barrier in high-level expression of recombinant hBD2 and suggests a similar approach may be used in the expression of other defensins in E. coli.