新疆网翅蝗科一新属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文记述了采自中国新疆的网翅蝗科１新属：短翅蝗属及１新种：尼勒克短翅蝗。模式标本存于陕西师范大学动物研究所蝗虫标本室。     

广西蝗虫新种记述：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文记述采自广西元宝山斑腿蝗科佯越蝗属、卵翅蝗属各１新种──尤氏佯越蝗Ｐａｒａｔｏｎｋｉｎａｃｒｉｓｙｏｕｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及元宝山卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａｙｕａｎｂａｏｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存于广西科学院生物研究所标本室。     

四种斑腿蝗科昆虫染色体带型的比较

应用染色体C带及银染核仁组成区定位分析方法对斑腿蝗科4种昆虫,即小蹦蝗属2种;峨眉小蹦蝗Pedopodisma emeiensis和秦岭小蹦蝗P.tsinlingensis;无翅蝗属2种;小无翅蝗Zubovskiaparvula和柯氏无翅蝗Z.koeppeni进行了研究,结果表明：4种蝗虫染色体数目（2n♂=21,XO)一致,小蹦蝗属M8染色体上具有端带;无翅蝗属X染色体具有特殊带纹,银染核仁组成区定位在两属各有特点,小蹦蝗属位于第8号染色体端部区域;无翅蝗属位于X染色体端部区域,除上述属内共性之外,各物种C带带纹又存在明显差异,其中峨眉小蹦蝗带型极为特殊。文中还对上述4种蝗虫带型结构特征及其进化意义作了讨论。     

中国切翅蝗属两新种(直翅目: 蝗总科: 斑腿蝗科)

记述了采自台湾和云南的斑腿蝗科Catantopidae切翅蝗属Coptacra stal2新种,即台湾切翅蝗C.aiwanensis sp.nov.和云南切翅蝗C.yunnanensis sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

甘肃省痂蝗属一新种（蝗总科：斑翅蝗科）

本文记述采自甘肃省肃北县鱼儿红牧场的斑翅蝗科痂蝗属Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍａ一新种,野马山痂蝗Ｂ．ｙｅｍａｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种与透翅痂蝗Ｂ．ｈｙａｌｉｎａｌａ Ｚｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ近似。     

武陵山地区卵翅蝗属二新种：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文记述采自湖南湘西武陵山地区卵翅蝗属Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ二新种,武陵山卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｗｕｌｉｎｇｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和三齿卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｔｒｉｏｄｏｎｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学生物系。     

中国鸣蝗属一新种(直翅目:蝗总科)

报道采自重庆市万盛地区鸣蝗属一新种。重庆鸣蝗Ｍｏｎｇｏｌｏｔｅｔｔｉｘ ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种近似于异翅鸣蝗Ｍｏｎｇｏｌｏｔｅｔｔｉｘ ａｎｏｍｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ（Ｃａｕｄ．）。主要区别为雌性前翅顶端具凹口;雄性前翅达后足股节膝部;雄性得部末节北板具圆形尾片。     

湖北省卵翅蝗属二新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述在湖北省采到的蝗虫二新种,巴东卵翅蝗和湖北卵翅蝗,模式标本保存于山东大学生物系。     

新疆束颈蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科

本文记述在新疆采到的束颈蝗属新种透翅束颈蝗Sphingonotus hyalopterus Zheng et Chao,该新种近似于黄胫束颈蝗 Sphingonotus savignyi Saussure,主要区别为:(1)后翅顶端无暗斑,(2)后足股节内侧黑色,近端部具一淡色横纹,(3)后足胫节淡青蓝色。     

山西北部雏蝗属二新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

本文报道直翅目网翅蝗科雏蝗属二新种,即代县雏蝗及宁武雏蝗模式标本保存于山西省农牧厅植保植检总站。     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

Neutrino intergalactic communication,metal life,and viruses: Part 1 quo vadis ex machina

At one spectrum extreme, Astrobiology conjectures that for exoplanets with Goldilocks conditions, terrestrial-like life is inevitable. Moreover, it is envisaged that via panspermia, terrestrial-like life and its precursors are transferred among galaxies, stars, and within solar systems via transiting comets, asteroids, and planetoids. In addition, expelled stars, which have solar systems, it is inferred, transfer life as well. However, at the other extreme, we propose a paradigm shift that on some planets, subject to non- Goldilocks conditions, metal machine life could arise, ab initio, and evolve viruses, intelligence, and civilizations, conjointly. Accordingly, intelligent mechanized civilizations could readily and efficiently commence space exploration. Furthermore, as a counter paradigm shift, such civilizations could experiment and produce non-metallic life, based on carbon and other non-metal elements, under suitable conditions, related to Goldilocks life. Even a single example of validated interstellar or intergalactic communication received on the Earth would support the existence of life elsewhere. However, the communication platform should not be restricted to electromagnetic radiation. Other platforms should be included as well - one such example, which would require sophisticated technology, is neutrino communication. This is the case for any advanced civilization, be it metal-machine based, biological-based, and carbon-based. In sum, civilizations based on machine life, would be highly productive due to the longevity and hardiness of machine life. However, significant caveats are raised in this brief report, because possibly dissimilar psychologies and intelligence may lead to conflicts between metal machine life and biological life, inter-paradigm conflict.     

Molecular phylogeny of the gobioid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei)

The phylogeny of groups within Gobioidei is examined with molecular sequence data. Gobioidei is a speciose, morphologically diverse group of teleost fishes, most of which are small, benthic, and marine. Efforts to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups have been hampered by the prevalence of reductive evolution among goby species; such reduction can make identification of informative morphological characters particularly difficult. Gobies have been variously grouped into two to nine families, several with included subfamilies, but most existing taxonomies are not phylogenetic and few cladistic hypotheses of relationships among goby groups have been advanced. In this study, representatives of eight of the nine gobioid familes (Eleotridae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Gobiidae, Kraemeriidae, Schindleriidae, Microdesmidae, and Ptereleotridae), selected to sample broadly from the range of goby diversity, were examined. Complete sequence from the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, and COI genes (3573 bp) was used in a cladistic parsimony analysis to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups. A single most parsimonious topology was obtained, with decay indices indicating strong support for most nodes. Major phylogenetic conclusions include that Xenisthmidae is part of Eleotridae, and Eleotridae is paraphyletic with respect to a clade composed of Gobiidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae, and Schindleriidae. Within this five-family clade, two clades are recovered. One includes Gobionellinae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Kraemeriidae, Sicydiinae, Oxudercinae, and Amblyopinae. The other contains Gobiinae, also paraphyletic, and including Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, and Schindleriidae. Previous morphological evidence for goby groupings is discussed; the phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the morphological reduction observed in many goby species has been derived several times independently.     

Infection status with helminthes in feral cats purchased from a market in Busan, Republic of Korea

The present study was performed to investigate the infection status with helminth in a group of feral cats in Korea. More than 29 helminth species including adults or eggs were detected in visceral and fecal samples of the examined cats. Among these were a host of nematodes, including toxocarids, Ancylostoma sp. and the larva of Anisakis simplex; trematodes, including Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Pharyngostomum cordatum, Metagonimus spp., Heterophyes nocens, Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyopsis continua, Stictodora fuscata, Stictodora lari, Acanthotrema felis, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle sp., Echinostoma revolutum, Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Stephanoprora sp., Plagiorchis muris, Neodiplostomum sp. and diplostomulum. We also detected a variety of cestodes, including Spirometra erinacei, Taenia taeniaeformis and unidentified species of tapeworm. We also found examples of the acanthocephalan, Bolbosoma sp. In our assessment of the stools, we detected at least 12 species of helminth eggs. These findings confirmed that feral cats in Korea are infected with a variety of helminth parasite species. Furthermore, among the helminths detected, E. pancreaticum, S. fuscata, S. lari, A. felis, S. falcatus, C. armatus, P. varium, Cryptocotyle sp., E. revolutum, E. japonicus, Stephanoprora sp., P. muris, Neodiplostomum sp. and Bolbosoma sp. represent helminth fauna which have not been reported previously in feral cats in the Republic of Korea.     

中国海南省金小蜂分类研究（膜翅目：小蜂总科：金小蜂科）

首次系统研究并报道了中国海南省分布的金小蜂,记录１５属１９种,编制了属种检索表。同时初步探讨了海南省与洲、非洲之间在金小蜂分布上的关系。     

世界柽麦蛾属支序生物地理学研究（鳞翅目： 麦蛾科）

基于对世界柽麦蛾属昆虫外部形态和外生殖器的形态学研究,选择了66个性状演变系列,通过PAUP*4b10软件对柽麦蛾属51种昆虫进行了支序系统学分析。分析结果认为heluanensis种团并不是一个单系群,柽麦蛾属被重新作了7个种团的划分。在支序系统学分析的基础上,柽麦蛾属昆虫的14个地理分布区域等级关系被重建,显示出古地中海地区复杂的历史,同时说明在该属分布格局中扩散事件客观存在。     

Oxypred： Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins

This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding pro- teins. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding pro- teins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Sec- ondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classify- ing the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemo- cyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins(available from http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/oxypred/).     

Chromosome numbers of European blackberries (Rubus subg.Rubus,Rosaceae)

Chromosome numbers are presented for 32 collections of 29 European blackberry species (Rubus subg.Rubus) from Germany. One species is triploid (2n = 21), 27 species are tetraploid, (2n = 28), and one species is pentaploid (2n = 35). Chromosome numbers are reported for the first time ofR. adspersus, R. amisiensis, R. calvus, R. conothyrsoides, R. contractipes, R. demissus, R. elegantispinosus, R. ferocior, R. foliosus, R. hypomalacus, R. leucandrus, R. nemorosus, R. platyacanthus, R. praecox, R. rhombifolius, andR. rhytidophyllus. Chromosome numbers forR. dasyphyllus, R. gelertii, R. glandithyrsos, R. lamprocaulos, R. lindebergii, R. macrophyllus, R. montanus, R. muenteri, R. pedemontanus, R. polyanthemus, R. senticosus, R. silvaticus, andR. vigorosus are confirmed.