首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate(Wolff)是广泛分布于热带亚热带地区的一种重要捕食性天敌昆虫。为评估人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽的捕食能力,在实验室采用捕食功能反应的方法,以黄粉虫作为中介猎物饲养的叉角厉蝽为对照,评价了人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫以及雌成虫对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor(L.)幼虫及斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) 3龄幼虫、5龄幼虫的捕食效能。结果表明,两种饲料饲养的不同虫态叉角厉蝽的捕食量均随着猎物密度的增加而上升,当猎物密度增加到一定水平,捕食量趋于稳定,其捕食功能反应均符合Holling II模型。人工饲料组饲养的各虫态叉角厉蝽与对照组的对黄粉虫幼虫的捕食量没有明显差异;在饱和猎物密度条件下,人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫以及雌成虫对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为7.20、9.20、14.60头,对斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别4.20、5.80、6.20头,均略低于对照组,但从取食猎物数量上来看,仍保持较强的捕食能力。  相似文献   

2.
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff)是捕食烟草上斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)的重要天敌,是斜纹夜蛾生物防治的潜在控制因子.为了探明不同因子对叉角厉蝽搜索效率的影响,提高田间释放的控害效果,本试验采用二次通用旋转组合设计,研究了不同因子(叉角厉蝽释放量、斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度和烟草植株数量)对叉角厉蝽搜索效率的影响,根据测得的不同因子处理下叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾的捕食率,所建立得到的搜索效率(Y)与叉角厉蝽释放量(X1)、斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度(X2)和烟草植株数量(X3)3个试验因子的关系的回归模型:Y = 67.82809+6.74050X,-4.92690X2-1.22581X3-9.22848X12-1.32656X22-9.98862X32+4.17500X1X2+8.17500X1X3+0.87500X2X3,能较好地拟合参试因子与叉角厉蝽搜索效率的关系.单因子效应分析表明,对叉角厉蝽搜索效率的影响依次为叉角厉蝽释放数量(X1)>斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度(X2)>烟草植株数量(X3),叉角厉蝽释放数量对天敌的搜索效率有显著的正效应.在交互效应分析中,随着烟草植株数量的上升,叉角厉蝽的搜索范围扩大,抑制了叉角厉蝽数量和斜纹夜蛾密度的增益效果,对捕食效率产生负效应.叉角厉蝽释放数量、斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度和烟草植株数量均能影响叉角厉蝽的搜索效率,且各因子之间的交互作用明显.  相似文献   

3.
叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾的捕食功能反应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
叉角厉蝽Cahtheconidea furcellata是一种重要的捕食性天敌昆虫,为了探明该虫的捕食潜能,在室内条件下研究了叉角厉蝽成虫对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fab.二龄和三龄幼虫的捕食作用和种内干扰作用。结果表明,叉角厉蝽成虫的捕食量随着斜纹夜蛾幼虫的密度增加而增大,其捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型方程。叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的捕食量符合Na=0.7364N/(1+0.0118N),对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食量符合Na=0.7504N/(1+0.0005N),叉角厉蝽的捕食作用有较强的种内干扰反应,捕食率与个体间相互干扰的关系符合Hassell模型。叉角厉蝽的捕食量与害虫密度正相关,寻找效应与害虫密度负相关。  相似文献   

4.
为了明确叉角厉蝽 Eocanthecona furcellate (Wolff)对草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)幼虫的控制作用,在实验室条件下测定了叉角厉蝽不同虫态对草地贪夜蛾不同龄期幼虫的捕食能力,研究了该蝽捕食功能反应、搜寻效应以及种内干扰作用。结果表明,叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫、成虫均可捕食草地贪夜蛾幼虫,总体呈现叉角厉蝽低龄若虫捕食草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫的数量较多,高龄若虫和成虫捕食中间龄期幼虫数量较多的规律;叉角厉蝽3个虫态对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling II方程和HollingⅢ型功能反应新模型;5龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食效能(a/Th)最强(214.0)、日最大捕食量(1/Th)最大(256.4头)。不同虫态叉角厉蝽的搜寻效应与草地贪夜蛾密度均呈负相关。建立了叉角厉蝽成虫密度、草地贪夜蛾4龄幼虫密度对捕食作用的干扰反应方程,干扰作用发生后该蝽的平均捕食量和捕食作用率均逐渐下降。本研究结果可为田间释放叉角厉蝽防治草地贪夜蛾提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾的捕食功能反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate(Wolff)是一种极具应用潜力的重要捕食性天敌。为了探明叉角厉蝽3龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith) 3龄幼虫的控害效果,在室内条件下,观察了叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食行为,研究了叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应。结果表明,叉角厉蝽以口针从草地贪夜蛾腹部或者体躯末端插入取食,被取食后的草地贪夜蛾呈干瘪状死亡。叉角厉蝽3龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应模型符合Holling II型方程,为:Na=0.6702 N/(1+0.0133 N),叉角厉蝽若虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为50.25头、0.6702 d和0.0199 d。叉角厉蝽的捕食量与猎物密度正相关,寻找效应与猎物密度负相关,叉角厉蝽的捕食作用存在较强的种内干扰作用。试验证实叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾具有较好的控害效果,为其田间应用释放技术提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
为探明叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff)对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)的控害潜能,本文研究了不同温度(17℃、22℃、27℃、32℃、37℃)条件下叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食作用,评估了其在不同温度下的生物防治效果。结果表明,在试验温度范围内叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应模型符合Holling II型方程,捕食效能a/Th和日均捕食量均在32℃时最大。在同一温度下,叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫的寻找效应与草地贪夜蛾幼虫密度呈负相关,但猎物密度相同时叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫的寻找效应与温度呈正相关。在17℃~37℃范围内,Hassell-Varley干扰反应模型能较好地反映出不同叉角厉蝽密度条件下对草地贪夜蛾的捕食情况;在相同的猎物密度条件下叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫个体间存在种内竞争和自我干扰作用,随着自身密度增大,相互干扰作用增强,搜寻系数Q和相互干扰系数m随着温度升高而增大,在37℃时最大,分别为0.4719和0.788。本试验证实了叉角厉蝽若虫在温度为32℃、猎物密度为60(头/皿)条件下对草地贪夜蛾的日捕食量最大,但随着温度升高,若虫的捕食量趋于饱和或出现下降趋势,在37℃温度条件下种内竞争和自我干扰作用最强。  相似文献   

7.
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata是一种在生物防治方面有重要作用和潜力的捕食性天敌昆虫,为探明叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis幼虫的控害潜力,在室内温度26℃±1℃、相对湿度65%±10%、光周期16 L∶8 D条件下,观察了叉角厉蝽4龄、5龄若虫和成虫分别对亚洲玉米螟3龄、4龄幼虫的捕食行为,测定了叉角厉蝽对不同亚洲玉米螟密度下的捕食量、搜寻效应以及自身密度和种间干扰对捕食作用的影响。结果表明,叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟的捕食功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ功能反应模型,叉角厉蝽3个虫龄对亚洲玉米螟3龄与4龄幼虫的理论最大取食量顺序均为:成虫(30.21头)>5龄若虫(24.69头)>4龄若虫(11.96头),相同虫龄的叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的最大取食量均大于对亚洲玉米螟4龄幼虫的最大取食量。在亚洲玉米螟相同虫龄内,搜寻效应与猎物密度的增加呈负相关。在生存环境和亚洲玉米螟幼虫密度固定的条件下,其平均捕食量和搜寻效应与叉角厉蝽成虫密度的增加呈负相关。叉角厉蝽成虫与亚洲玉米螟幼虫以相同比例增加时,叉角厉蝽成虫种间会产生干扰作用。结果表明了叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟具有较好的控害潜力,为今后高效利用叉角厉蝽田间防治亚洲玉米螟提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是2019年新入侵我国的重大农业害虫,已对我国的农作物产生严重为害,筛选、利用本地天敌控制草地贪夜蛾是实现可持续控制的一个重要途径。叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate(Wolff)是一种广泛分布于热带、亚热带地区的捕食性天敌,是许多鳞翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目害虫的潜在生防因子。本文采用捕食功能反应方法评价了叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食效能。研究结果表明,叉角厉蝽3龄、5龄若虫以及雌、雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄及5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling-Ⅱ方程。在饱和猎物密度条件下,叉角厉蝽各虫态对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的平均日最大捕食量依次为32.20头(5龄若虫)19.40头(雌成虫)18.20头(雄成虫)6.60头(3龄若虫),a/Th值(a为瞬时攻击率,Th为处置单头猎物时间)为82.25(5龄若虫)40.39(雌成虫)36.12(雄成虫)17.19(3龄若虫);叉角厉蝽各虫态对草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫的平均日最大捕食量依次为7.80头(5龄若虫)6.40头(雌成虫)5.50头(雄成虫)4.60头(3龄若虫),a/Th值为11.36(5龄若虫)10.75(雌成虫)9.63(雄成虫)7.45(3龄若虫)。本研究表明叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具较强的捕食能力,尤其是5龄若虫、雌成虫和雄成虫。研究结果为利用叉角厉蝽防控草地贪夜蛾提供了理论依据,也为其田间释放应用提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

9.
《环境昆虫学报》2015,37(4):843-848
为评估叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate对黄野螟Heortia vitessoides幼虫的控制作用,观察了叉角厉蝽的捕食行为,研究了不同虫态叉角厉蝽对黄野螟3龄及5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应、自身密度效应以及空间异质性对其捕食效能的影响。结果表明:叉角厉蝽对黄野螟幼虫的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型方程,不同虫态叉角厉蝽对黄野螟幼虫攻击率大小顺序为:5龄若虫雌成虫3龄若虫,对3龄黄野螟幼虫理论日最大捕食量分别为21.79、15.38及12.85头。当猎物密度固定为50头/盒时,随着叉角厉蝽密度的增加,其捕食量也逐步增加,但对猎物的寻找效应则减弱,个体间存在相互干扰作用。另外,叉角厉蝽的捕食效能也因空间环境不同表现出较大的差异,空间越大,其捕食率越低。研究结果为定量评估叉角厉蝽对黄野螟的控制作用提供了基础数据,也为其田间释放应用技术提供了依据。  相似文献   

10.
《环境昆虫学报》2014,(6):884-889
为探索叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate (Wolff)对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)生殖行为的干扰胁迫作用,实验设置了3种处理来观察这种干扰效应,处理Ⅰ:2对斜纹夜蛾成虫,2头叉角厉蝽雌成虫;处理Ⅱ:2对斜纹夜蛾成虫,2头叉角厉蝽雌成虫,2头处于四龄的斜纹夜蛾幼虫;处理Ⅲ:两对斜纹夜蛾成虫,作为对照。将斜纹夜蛾成虫放置在上述3种条件下,饲养至斜纹夜蛾停止产卵为止,对斜纹夜蛾产卵行为跟踪观察。结果表明,当斜纹夜蛾与叉角厉蝽同处狭小的空间时,叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾正常的生殖活动有一定的干扰作用,斜纹夜蛾采取逃离或躲避的措施来摆脱叉角厉蝽的接触。受叉角厉蝽的干扰胁迫,斜纹夜蛾产卵量减少,处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅱ的平均产卵量均明显少于对照。叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾卵块数量、结构、大小也构成一定的影响。在处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅱ中,卵块主要以单层卵和双层卵卵块为主,卵块数量低于对照,且卵块体积较小。从斜纹夜蛾卵的空间格局来看,处理Ⅰ中的卵块主要分布于产卵笼的上部;处理Ⅱ中的卵块分散于产卵笼的中上部;对照中斜纹夜蛾的卵块则分布于产卵笼的各个区域。叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾成虫产卵的干扰胁迫作用明显。  相似文献   

11.
The predation and searching efficiency of fourth instar of predatory C. septempunctata at various densities of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and predator was investigated under laboratory conditions. The feeding rate of predatory stage decreased at increased prey- and predator densities. Highest percent (92.80%) prey consumption was observed at initial prey density and lowest percent (40.86%) prey consumption at highest prey density by the fourth instar, though the total prey consumption increased with increase in either prey- or predator densities. Similarly, the individual prey consumption was also highest at initial predator density and lowest at highest predator density owing to the mutual interference between the predators at higher densities. The area of discovery (searching efficiency) also decreased with increase in prey- and predator densities. Handling time of predator was highest at lower prey densities, which decreased with increased prey densities. The highest percentage of prey consumption at the prey density of 50 revealed that 1:50 predator-prey ratio was the best to reduce the pest population.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract.  1. The hypothesis that size-selective predation and species-specific prey behaviours facilitate the coexistence between larvae of invasive Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and U.S.A.-native Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say) was tested experimentally with the predator Corethrella appendiculata (Grabham).
2. Larval behaviours associated with a higher risk of predation were identified, and prey behavioural responses were tested in either the physical presence of predators or in water containing predation cues. Larvae that thrashed on container bottoms had a higher risk of being captured by fourth instar C. appendiculata than did larvae resting on the water surface. Ochlerotatus triseriatus , but not A. albopictus , adopted low-risk behaviours in response to water-borne cues to predation. Both prey species reduced risky behaviours in the physical presence of the predator, but O. triseriatus showed a stronger response.
3. The vulnerability of 2nd and 3rd instar prey to predation was compared, and behavioural responses were correlated with prey vulnerability. Second instars of both species were more vulnerable to predation by C. appendiculata than were 3rd instars, and the 3rd instar A. albopictus was more vulnerable than O. triseriatus of the same stage. All instars of O. triseriatus showed a similar reduction of risky behaviours in response to the presence of C. appendiculata despite 4th instar prey being relatively invulnerable to size-selective predation.
4. Weaker predator avoidance, coupled with superior competitive ability, of invasive A. albopictus is likely to contribute to its coexistence with O. triseriatus in containers of the south-eastern U.S.A., where C. appendiculata can be abundant.  相似文献   

13.
为探究环斑猛猎蝽Sphedanolestes impressicollis Stal对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda Smith的捕食潜能,在室内条件下研究了环斑猛猎蝽4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾1~3龄幼虫的捕食功能、搜寻效应以及环斑猛猎蝽自身密度对捕食草地贪夜蛾的干扰作用。结果表明:环斑猛猎蝽4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫的捕食功能反应符合Holling II模型。环斑猛猎蝽4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄、2龄、3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率分别为0.900、1.229和1.259,处理时间分别为0.018 d、0.050 d和0.205 d,日最大捕食量分别为55.897头、19.853头和4.871头。环斑猛猎蝽4龄若虫的搜寻效应与草地贪夜蛾密度呈负相关。环斑猛猎蝽4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫的捕食作用率随自身密度的增加而降低。在捕食草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫时,环斑猛猎蝽4龄若虫自身密度对其捕食能力干扰最大。研究结果表明环斑猛猎蝽4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫有一定的捕食能力,为其田间应用释放技术提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

14.
1. First known for their shredding activity, freshwater amphipods also behave as active predators with consequences for prey population regulation and amphipod coexistence in the context of biological invasions. 2. A way to quantify predation is to determine the average consumption rate per predator, also known as its functional response (FR). 3. Although amphipods are gregarious and can display social interactions that can alter per capita consumption rates, previous studies using the FR approach to investigate amphipod predation ignored such potential mutual interference because they did not consider variations in predator density. 4. We investigated the FR of Echinogammarus berilloni feeding on dipteran larvae with joint variations in prey and predator densities. This bivariate experimental design allowed us to estimate interference and to compare the fits of the three main classes of theoretical FR models, in which the predation rate is a function of prey density alone (prey‐dependent models), of both prey and predator densities (predator‐dependent models) or of the prey‐to‐predator ratio (ratio‐dependent models). 5. The Arditi–Ginzburg ratio‐dependent FR model provided the best representation of the FR of E. berilloni, whose predation rate showed a decelerating rise to a horizontal asymptote as prey abundance increased. 6. Ratio dependence means that mutual interference between amphipods leads to prey sharing. Mutual interference is likely to vary between amphipod species, depending on their level of aggressiveness.  相似文献   

15.
1. Ontogenetic shifts in predator behaviour can affect the assessment of food‐web structure and the development of predator–prey models. Therefore, it is important to establish if the functional response and interference interactions differ between life‐stages. These hypotheses were tested by (i) comparing the functional response of second, third, fourth and fifth larval instars of Rhyacophila dorsalis, using three stream tanks with one Rhyacophila larva per tank and one of 10 prey densities between 20 and 200 larvae of Chironomus sp.; (ii) using other experiments to assess interference within instars (two to five larvae of the same instar per tank), and between pairs of different instars (one, two or three larvae per instar; total predator densities of two, four or six larvae per tank). 2. The first hypothesis was supported. The number of prey eaten by each instar increased with prey density, the relationship being described by a type II model. The curvilinear response was stronger for fourth and fifth instars than for second and third instars. Mean handling time did not change significantly with prey density, and increased with decreasing instar number from 169 s for fifth instars to 200 s for second instars. Attack rate decreased progressively with decreasing instar number. Handling time varied considerably for each predator–prey encounter, but was normally distributed for each predator instar. Variations in attack rate and handling time were related to differences in activity between instars, fourth and fifth instars being more active and aggressive than second and third instars, and having a higher food intake. 3. The second hypothesis was partially supported. In the interference experiments between larvae of the same instar or different instars, mean handling time did not change significantly with increasing predator density, and attack rate did not change for second and third instars but decreased curvilinearly for fourth and fifth instars. Interference between some instars could not be studied because insufficient second instars were available at the same time as fourth and fifth instars, and most third instars were eaten by fourth and fifth instars in the experiments. Prey capture always decreased with decreasing attack rate. Therefore, interference reduced prey consumption in fourth and fifth instars, but not in second and third instars. The varying feeding responses of different instars should be taken into account when assessing their role in predator–prey relationships in the field.  相似文献   

16.
Two experiments on the nymphal predation of Podisus maculiventris were conducted using Spodoptera litura larvae as prey. First experiment: The predator nymphs divided into three groups were reared individually from second instar to adult in a small vessel. Each nymph in the groups 1, 2 and 3 was allowed to attack the serially growing larvae (these were supplied at the rate of one per day) from 3-, 5- and 7-day old after hatching, respectively. The first prey used for the group 1 was so small that it was not only insufficient to satiate the predator but also was difficult to be searched out. But these disadvantages were soon recuperated due to the rapid growth of the prey and all nymphs could survive to adults. The survival rate of third and fourth instar nymphs in the group 3 was severely affected by vigorous counterattack of older prey larvae. Second experiment: The predator nymphs were individually reared either in a small vessel or in a large one at various rates of food supply (the prey larvae of 7-day old were used). The functional response curves obtained for each instar of the predator took a saturation type within a certain range of the prey density. The saturation level specific to each instar was generally higher for the predator reared in the large vessel than in the small one. The functional response of fourth and fifth instar nymphs was accelerated at a high prey density, viz. 16 larvae per vessel. Even at the low rate of food supply, viz. one larva per day per predator, the predator nymphs could survive to adults, but the size of resultant adults were abnormally small.  相似文献   

17.
稻田三种捕食性天敌与两种害虫共存系统捕食量的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
有关捕食者-猎物关系的研究一直是种群生态学的活跃课题。Lotka-Volterra(1925)方程是最早用于研究捕食者-猎物系统的数学模型。此后许多作者进一步研究了捕食者-猎物(寄主-寄生物)的关系(Nicholson和Bailey,1935;Holling,1959;Hassell和Varley,1989;Murdoch,1969;Manley等,1972;李超等,1982,1983;丁岩钦等,1983;兰仲雄  相似文献   

18.
Using larval Cx. annulirostris mosquitoes, this study compared the predation rate of Pseudomugil signifer and Gambusia holbrooki for four larval instars, three prey densities, and three vegetation densities. There was no significant difference in the quantity of first, second, and third instar larvae consumed by the two fish species after 24 h. There was a significant negative relationship between the predation rate and both larval instar and prey density for both fish species. In simulated vegetation trials, P. signifer performed marginally better than G. holbrooki in medium to high density vegetation (0.3 stems/cm 2 and 0.6 stems/cm2, respectively).  相似文献   

19.
东亚小花蝽对西方花蓟马和二斑叶螨的捕食选择性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
孙晓会  徐学农  王恩东 《生态学报》2009,29(11):6285-6291
多食性天敌对猎物的捕食选择性及猎物密度对天敌捕食的干扰作用直接影响到天敌对不同猎物的控制作用.在实验室条件下研究了东亚小花蝽对西方花蓟马和/或二斑叶螨不同虫态的捕食选择性,以及两猎物中一种猎物的密度变化对小花蝽取食另一种猎物的影响.结果如下:东亚小花蝽5龄若虫和成虫对西方花蓟马2龄若虫的捕食选择性均强于对其成虫,对二斑叶螨的选择性为雌成螨>若螨>幼螨.实验中西方花蓟马2龄若虫是东亚小花蝽最喜好的虫态.二斑叶螨雌成螨密度固定为60头/19.63cm2,西方花蓟马若虫密度从10增加到60时显著地减少了东亚小花蝽对二斑叶螨的取食.反之,固定西方花蓟马同样密度,增加二斑叶螨密度却没有显著改变小花蝽对西方花蓟马的取食.此结果进一步表明,西方花蓟马是东亚小花蝽更喜好的猎物.  相似文献   

20.
Prey utilization by the generalist predator Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timb. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of three sympatric lepidopterous species was quantified in relation with prey size (age) and prey species. Based on optimal foraging theory, we argued that costs associated with the utilization of small and large prey are higher than those of intermediate prey size. As a result, we expected a higher prey consumption rate on intermediate prey size leading to a convex prey consumption curve. Laboratory experiments showed that, within a given prey instar, Coleomegilla maculata lengi preyed more on Plutella xylostella (L.) compared to Artogeia rapae (L.) and Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). Generally, prey consumption rate by Coleomegilla maculata lengi on the three prey species decreased with increasing immature prey size (age). The predation efficacy of Coleomegilla maculata lengi adults and fourth instar larvae was higher compared to younger coccinellids (L2). Although, Coleomegilla maculata lengi showed a higher level of predation on smaller immature prey, we demonstrated that it is not the optimal size range for this predator. As predicted, prey weight consumption rate by Coleomegilla maculata lengi was higher at intermediate prey size leading to a convex prey utilization curve. The beneficial impact of Coleomegilla maculata lengi predation on the host plant was also estimated by using a Protection Index that considers the differential predation caused by the coccinellids and the relative importance of each pest species in terms of plant injury. Coleomegilla maculata lengi has a more significant beneficial impact when it preys on T. ni immatures.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号