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1.
LIU YongshengZHU LihuangSUN JingsanSHEN LishuangWANG YuzhongHE PingLU ChaofuCHEN Ying 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》1998,41(3):272-277
A doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of F1’s between an Indica var. Zhai-Ye-Qing 8 and a Japonica var. Jing-Xi17 as well as two backcross populations derived from this DH population were used to investigate inheritance of the embryo sac abortion at early megagametogenesis occurring in Indica/Japonica rice crosses. Two major loci, dominant and complementaryesa-1 andesa-2, located on chromosomes 6 and 12 respectively, were detected. Genetic analysis indicated that embryo sac fertility is mainly regulated by the gametophytic genotype at these two loci. 相似文献
2.
利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理籼稻品种冈46B获得雄性不育突变体D63,并对该突变体进行表型鉴定、遗传分析和基因定位。结果显示D63突变体花药瘦小呈乳白色,花药内完全无花粉粒,属于无花粉型雄性不育。与野生型亲本冈46B相比,D63突变体成熟期株高降低了13.7%,穗伸出度减少了266.7%,自交结实率为0,其他农艺性状无显著差异。遗传分析表明该不育性状受1对隐性核基因控制,该突变基因定位于第2号染色体长臂靠近着丝粒区域In Del标记J2和J4之间,与J2和J4的遗传距离分别为0.2 c M和0.1 c M,该定位区间的物理距离为105.8 kb。候选基因分析结果表明,D63突变体在编码分泌性成束糖蛋白基因LOC_Os02g28970编码区第1580位碱基A突变为C,使编码蛋白的氨基酸序列第527位组氨酸(His)突变为脯氨酸(Pro)。D63突变体与已报道的mtr1突变体表型上不同之处主要是后者花药含有败育花粉粒,二者表型上的差异可能是由于LOC_Os02g28970基因序列突变位点不同,以及它们分别属于籼、粳亚种2个不同遗传背景所致。 相似文献
3.
A rice mutant,G069, characteristic of few tiller numbers, was found in anther culture progeny from theF 1 hybrid between anindica-japonica cross, Gui630×02428. The mutant has another two major features: delayed tillering development and yellowing apex and margin on the mature leaves. As a donor parent,G069 was further backcrossed with the recurrent parent,02428, for two turns to develop aBC 2F2 population. Genetic analysis in theBC 2F2 population showed that the traits of few-tillering and yellowing apex and margin on the mature leaves were controlled by one recessive gene. A pool of equally mixed genomic DNA, from few-tillering individual plants inBC 2F2, was constructed to screen polymorphism with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in comparison with the02428 genome. One SSR marker and three restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were found possibly linked with the recessive gene. By using these markers, the gene of few-tillering was mapped on chromosome 2 between RFLP marker C424 and S13984 with a genetic distance of 2.4 cM and 0.6 cM, respectively. The gene is designatedft1. 相似文献
4.
本文调查了中国汉族及荷兰高加索群体中人类vWF基因内含子40 nt 31/2 215~2 380 区域 HUMFA 31(C) 遗传多态性的基因频率及基因型频率分布。并对两群体之间的分布以拟然比方法进行比较。对9个等位基因片段测序的结果表明, 在nt 31/2 234~2 265区域也有变异存在。提示该座位当被测等位基因DNA片段长度相同时,仍可能存在遗传差异。Abstract The allele frequencies and phenotype distribution of humanvWFgene intron 40 in the region of nt 31/2 215~2 380 (HUMFA 31(C)) were investigated in the population of the Netherlands and China. The data between two populations were compared by likelihood ratio test. Nine alleles were sequenced and the polymorphism of region of nt 31/2 234~2 265 was revealed. 相似文献
5.
以栽培稻品种台中65及其等基因已不育系TISL4为材料,用RFLP和RAPD等技术,对F_1花粉不育基因座S-a定位。通过用RFLP和RAPD方法对亲本间进行多态性分析,发现亲本间的多态性很低,说明经多代回交后,在等基因系基因组中供体亲本的DNA片段所占的比例很小。通过连锁分析,将S-a定位在第1染色体上。S-a与分子标记CDO548、O11—1000、RG146和Y13-500之间的遗传距离分别为6.4cM、6.8cM、7.2cM和11.3cM。S-a基因座上S-a~i/S-a~j等位基因互作使携带S-a~j基因的花粉败育是寻致该F_2群体产生偏态分离的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
水稻籼粳亚种间杂种低温花粉不育的QTL分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为探明籼粳杂种低温花粉不育的遗传基础,以籼稻品种3037和粳型广亲和品种02428的F2分离群体进行了低温花粉不育的遗传分析。推迟播种后,F2群体各单株孕穗期的日平均温度为21~23℃,调查了F2群体各单株的花粉育性。利用108对SSR引物构建了包含157个F2单株,覆盖12条染色体的分子标记连锁图谱。该连锁图的总长度为1857.8cM,标记间平均距离为16.26cM,标记较均匀地分布在12条染色体上。采用区间作图法对F2群体花粉不育进行QTL分析,共检测到2个低温花粉不育QTLS,即qLTSPS2和qLTSPS5,分别位于第2、5染色体,其加性效应分别为0.021、0.045,显性效应分别为-0.246、-0.251,显性度分别为11.7和4.8,具有超显性效应.超显性是QTL作用的主要方式,这2个位点杂合基因型在低温环境下具有降低花粉育性的作用,分别解释表型变异的15.6%、11.9%。另外,两因素的方差分析表明这两个QTL之间不存在互作。 相似文献
7.
There is a positive correlation between fertility and yield, and the decrease of fertility is bound to a greatly reducedcrop yield. Male sterile mutants can be used in hybrid rice. Therefore, rice male sterility has an important value inresearch and application, and the study of related mutants is also very vital. The mutant ms10 (male sterile 10)reported in this study was induced by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) in the indica maintainer line Xinong 1B.There was no significant difference between the ms10 and wild type in the vegetative growth stage. However, inthe reproductive growth stage, ms10 showed that the plant became shorter, the anther became smaller and thecolor became lighter, and finally showed the phenotype of male sterility in comparison to the wild type. I2-KIstaining showed that the pollen was malformed and only a little was active. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the exine waxy layer of the ms10 anther decreased, suggesting that the protective effect onpollen was decreased. This may be one of the reasons leading to the phenotype of male sterility. Finally, the pollenshowed shrinkage and collapsed, and the structure of germinating pore cover disappeared. This may be the resultof sterility. Genetic analysis showed that the male sterility phenotype of the mutant was controlled by a singlerecessive nuclear gene. MS10 was mapped between the molecular markers IND37 and IND51 on chromosome 4,with a physical distance of 178.6 kb. These results lay the foundation for further studies on MS10. 相似文献
8.
用PEG包埋切片法及荧光抗体标记技术对水稻 (OryzasativaL .)雌配子体发生过程中微管骨架的变化进一步研究。经PEG包埋切片技术处理的胚囊内的微管结构能够保持得比较完整 ,特别是在一些较大和成熟的胚囊内 ,效果更佳 ,微管清晰度高。对雌配子体发生过程中的一些主要时期的微管结构变化作了详尽描述和分析 (包括 :单核、二核、四核、八核和成熟胚囊时期 )。发现了一些新的微管结构 ,如在中央细胞中有纵向微管 ,这些微管在两个极核移至中央部位时存在 ,之后当极核移至靠近卵细胞时便消失 ,显示中央细胞纵向微管与极核的移动和定位可能有关。 相似文献
9.
水稻细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系幼穗发育过程中内源激素的变化 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
利用酶联免疫测定技术研究了水稻细胞质雄性不育系珍汕97A及其保持系珍汕97B在幼穗发育过程中叶片、幼穗和花药中内源IAA、GA1+4、ABA和iPAs含量的动态变化。结果表明,1)从幼穗发育的雌雄蕊形成期到三核花粉期,保持系叶片中IAA水平高于不育系,并在二核花粉期最高;在幼穗和花药中也以保持系为高。2)保持系与不育系叶片中GA1+4含量变化趋势相似,均为先升后降,但从单核到三核花粉期以保持系为高;在幼穗和花药中也都以保持系为高。3)不育系叶片中ABA水平在幼穗发育早期明显高于保持系,中期与保持系相近,后期又高于保持系;在幼穗和花药中也都以不育系为高。4)保持系叶片、幼穗和花药中iPAs含量始终显著高于不育系。5)保持系叶片中IAA+GA1+4+iPAs与ABA之比值也始终高于不育系。提示不育系叶片、幼穗和花药中IAA、GA1+4、iPAs和ABA含量出现了异常,且IAA、GA1+4和iPAs亏缺以及ABA盈积可能与水稻细胞质雄性不育发生有关。 相似文献
10.
马协不育系系朱英国等用农家品种“马尾粘”的不育株与“协青早选”测交和回交选育成功的。超微结构研究表明马协不育花药单核边位期绒毡层提前解体,液泡膜破裂;不育花粉外壁基粒棒少,且分布不均匀;线粒体有大的电子透明区,二核期不育花粉中央大液泡崩溃。不育花药绒毡层提前解体可能影响花粉外壁合成及花粉营养供应,大量研究表明绒毡层发育异常与花粉败育密切相关,而液泡膜的破坏会导致水解酶类的泄 相似文献
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普通栽培稻籼粳亚种间杂种结实率低是开展亚种间杂交育种和杂种优势利用的主要障碍。这一障碍是杂种花粉和胚囊的不育性引起的。不育性曾经认为是两者染色体在结构上存在微小的差异所致,但F_1植株减数分 相似文献
12.
本文对普通栽培稻不同品种类型间杂种小穗败育的细胞学基础及雌性败育的过程进行了研究,结果表明:(1)引起杂种小穗败育的原因有胚囊败育、花粉败育、开花时花药不开裂和雌雄异熟。其中胚囊败育而丧失受精能力是引起低结实率的最重要的因素,开花时花药不开裂和雌雄异熟在一定程度上形成了雌雄性细胞时间和空间的隔离屏障。(2)杂种植株的所有大孢子母细胞都能进行正常的减数分裂,形成四个大孢子,败育主要发生在靠近合点端的功能大孢子分化形成胚囊的早期,有的功能大孢子在进行第一次有丝分裂前便萎缩解体,多数走向败育的功能大孢子能完成一次或二次有丝分裂,形成二核或四核败育胚囊。败育的共同特征是无液泡的分化,细胞质少或退化,在败育胚囊残迹部位,解体的珠心细胞和萎缩的胚囊残渍混杂垛叠。已受精的杂种子房没有观察到胚及胚乳发育的异常。籼粳杂种胚囊败育频率较高。 相似文献
13.
XU Shi-Xiong 《植物学报(英文版)》2001,43(9):910-917
Changes in the pattern of microtubule distribution and organization during megagametogenesis in the embryo sac of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR36) were re-examined using a modified polyethylene glycol sectioning technique before immuno-fluorescence staining of microtubules. In the sectioned materials the pattern of distribution and structural organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton were quite well preserved. Fine details of the patterns of structural changes and re-organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the major stages of development during embryo sac megagametogenesis (viz. functional megaspore, uni-nucleate, 2-nucleate, 4-nucleate, 8-nucleate and mature stage) could be clearly observed and easily followed. Some new organizational patterns of microtubules associated with the probable movement and positioning of the polar nuclei were observed. 相似文献
14.
光敏核不育水稻(农垦58S)是中国水稻研究中的一个重要发现,在水稻杂交育种上有巨大潜力。研究表明:农垦58S的雄性不育性受光周期调控,光敏色素是育性转变过程中光周期反应的光受体,然而,鉴于高等植物中存在至少两种不同的光敏色素分子,并且它们同时存在于水稻中,人们对调节农垦58S雄性不育过程的光敏色素分子种类及作用方式仍然不清楚。本文采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA),比较了不同光周期下农垦58S和对照品种农垦58叶片(光周期感受器官)中光敏色素I(phyA)的含量。从农垦58S的二次枝梗原基分化期开始,进行10天的光周期处理。一组为短日照(SD),另一组为长日照(LD)。在第10个暗期结束前,于暗绿光下收获每株水稻的最上部两片新展叶,立即保存在液氮中。样品在研钵中磨成液氮粉,然后加入提取液(含50mmol/LTris-HCI和0.2mol/L巯基乙醇,pH8.5)匀浆。粗提液经0.5%聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)沉淀后,上清液供ELISA分析。以燕麦phyA的多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体分别作ELISA的一抗和检测抗体。采用ELISA可以专一性地检测水稻phyA(Table1)。几次独立的实验说明,光周期处理对phyA含 相似文献
15.
一个新的水稻叶绿素缺失黄叶突变体的特征及基因分子定位 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从粳稻"嘉花1号"60Coγ射线辐照的后代中筛选到一个叶绿素缺失黄叶突变体(yl11),与野生型"嘉花1号"相比该突变体表现为全生育期植株叶片呈黄色,叶绿素含量以及净光合速率明显下降,叶绿体发育不完善,并且伴随着株高等主要农艺性状的变化。遗传分析表明,该突变性状受一对隐性核基因(yl11)控制。该突变体与籼稻"培矮64S"杂交生产的F2、F3群体中的分离出突变体型920个单株作为定位群体,利用SSR和InDel分子标记将yl11基因定位在水稻第11染色体长臂上的MM2199和ID21039分子标记之间,其物理距离约为110kb,目前该区域内没有发现与水稻叶绿素合成/叶绿体发育相关已知功能基因。研究结果为今后对该基因的克隆和功能分析奠定了基础。 相似文献
16.
APⅣ是一份多卵水稻突变体。多卵是由“5-2-1”型、“5-3-0”型和“6-2-0”型等蓼型变异型发育途径发育而来的。多卵都能分别受精,因而使APⅣ出现多胚现象。本结果表明,APⅣ中约有一半胚囊的发育属于蓼型变异型,变异型胚囊发育过程中存在多种异常的核行为,这些核行为受着微管骨架组织变化的影响,显示微管骨架组织在胚囊核行为中起着一定的作用。文中观察到的较为明显的异常情况有“5-2-1”型四核胚囊存在特殊的核运动,四核胚囊刚形成时,珠孔和合点两端各有2个核,但不久合点端有1个核移向珠孔端,形成珠孔端有3个核、合点端只有1个核的特殊四核胚囊。这种四核胚囊在合点端的1个核移向珠孔端期间,合点端2个姐妹核之间存在特殊的长条状微管束,这种微管可能是促进二核有效分开的重要组成部分。“5-3-0”型和“6-2-0”型各个时期胚囊内的核行为和核周围的微管组织骨架与同期正常蓼型的胚囊均存在着差异。“5-3-0”型二核胚囊1个核位于珠孔端,另1个核近珠孔端,二核呈纵向排列与胚囊纵轴平行,核之间存在随机排列的微管束,因此可能导致二核无法像正常二核胚囊的核一样移向两端。“6-2-0”型功能大孢子、二核胚囊和四核胚囊等时期胚囊核均位于珠孔端或近珠孔端,而在核周则存在复杂的网络状微管。“6-2-0”型八核胚 相似文献
17.
一份新型水稻极度分蘖突变体的遗传分析及分子标记定位 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在三系杂交水稻保持系绵香1B(M1B)和一个雄性不育材料GMS-1的杂交后代中发现一株极度分蘖突变体(命名为ext.M1B),其分蘖数为121。对ext-M1B与5个正常分蘖水稻品种杂交F1和F2代的遗传分析表明,ext-M1B的极度分蘖特性受一对隐性核基因控制。以2480B/ext-M1B的F2代作定位群体,用分子标记将ext-M1B的突变基因定位于水稻第6染色体短臂,该基因与微卫星标记RM197、RM584和RM225的遗传距离分别为3.8cM、5.1cM和5.2cM,认为ext-M1B突变基因是一个新的水稻极度分蘖基因,暂命名为ext-M1B(t)。 相似文献
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水稻多卵突变体APⅣ胚囊发育过程中细胞核的异常行为和微管骨架组织变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
APⅣ是一份多卵水稻突变体.多卵是由"5-2-1"型、"5-3-0"型和"6-2-0"型等蓼型变异型发育途径发育而来的.多卵都能分别受精,因而使APⅣ出现多胚现象.本结果表明,APⅣ中约有一半胚囊的发育属于蓼型变异型,变异型胚囊发育过程中存在多种异常的核行为,这些核行为受着微管骨架组织变化的影响,显示微管骨架组织在胚囊核行为中起着一定的作用.文中观察到的较为明显的异常情况有:"5-2-1"型四核胚囊存在特殊的核运动,四核胚囊刚形成时,珠孔和合点两端各有2个核,但不久合点端有1个核移向珠孔端,形成珠孔端有3个核、合点端只有1个核的特殊四核胚囊.这种四核胚囊在合点端的1个核移向珠孔端期间,合点端2个姐妹核之间存在特殊的长条状微管束,这种微管可能是促进二核有效分开的重要组成部分."5-3-0"型和"6-2-0"型各个时期胚囊内的核行为和核周围的微管组织骨架与同期正常蓼型的胚囊均存在着差异."5-3-0"型二核胚囊1个核位于珠孔端,另1个核近珠孔端,二核呈纵向排列与胚囊纵轴平行,核之间存在随机排列的微管束,因此可能导致二核无法像正常二核胚囊的核一样移向两端."6-2-0"型功能大孢子、二核胚囊和四核胚囊等时期胚囊核均位于珠孔端或近珠孔端,而在核周则存在复杂的网络状微管."6-2-0"型八核胚囊早期除2个近胚囊中央的核存在朝向合点极的长微管(可能有助于推动核向胚囊中央移动)外,其他核周围的微管组织都呈复杂的网络状. 相似文献
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20.
LIU Xiang-Dong LU Yong-Gen ZHU Hong-Liang XU Xue-Bin FENG Jiu-Huan XU Shi-Xiong 《植物学报(英文版)》2004,46(7):829-838
APⅣ is a rice mutant that develops poly-egg apparatus in its embryo sac. All the eggs that make up the poly-egg apparatus can be fertilized respectively resulting in the development of polyembryony. The routes taken in the development of polyembryony appear to fall mainly into three variant polygonum pattern types, designated as 5-2-1 , 5-3-0 and 6-2-0 types. Out of the embryo sacs of APⅣ studied about 50% exhibited variant polygonum type with associated abnormal nuclear behavior and microtubule organizational changes. Some of the major abnormal features shown by the three variant polygonum types were described and they included the following: For the 5-2-1 type At the beginning of the four-nucleate embryo sac development, one pair of nuclei became located to the micropylar end and the other pair to the chalazal end. As embryo sac further developed, long connecting microtubule (MT) bundles that existed between the two nuclei in the chalazal end play a role in the movement and positioning of that nucleus. As a result of the activities of these MT, one of the nuclei in the chalazal end moved to the micropylar end resulting in the micropylar end having three nuclei and the chalazal end only one. For the 5-3-0 type In the two-nucleate embryo sac of the 5-3-0 type, one nucleus remained at the micro-pylar end, while the other one became located near the central region. In the four-nucleate embryo sac, the pair of nuclei aligned in parallel to the micropylar-chalazal axis often having one of its nuclei relocated to the micropylar end as a result of associated MT activities. For the 6-2-0 type All the nuclei in the megaspore, two- and four-nucleate embryo sacs became located to the micropylar end. At the early stages of the eight-nucleate embryo sac development, the two nuclei in the central region of the embryo sac (originally at the micropylar end) became polar nuclei. All the other nuclei remained at the micropylar end were surrounded by reticulate MT. The relationship between abnormal behavior of nuclei and MT organi-zation in the development of rice embryo sac was discussed. 相似文献