不同年龄兴安落叶松树干呼吸及其与环境因子关系的研究

采用动态红外气体分析法研究了两个不同年龄兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)人工林内落叶松树干呼吸速率的季节变化,并分析了树干呼吸速率与环境因子的关系.两个年龄落叶松树干呼吸速率均是从春季到夏季逐渐升高,高峰值出现在7月(成熟林)和8月份(幼林),之后明显下降.幼林落叶松的树干呼吸速率(变化范围是1.99～6.15 μmol*m-2*s-1)显著高于成熟林(变化范围是1.52～3.38 μmol*m-2*s-1)(P<0.05).树干温度对树干呼吸影响较大,树干呼吸速率与树干温度呈指数相关关系;成熟林和幼林树干呼吸的Q10值分别为1.96和3.44.当空气相对湿度较低时,树干呼吸速率与其关系无明显规律,但当空气相对湿度很高时,能大大促进树干的呼吸作用.     

土壤温度和湿度对长白松林土壤呼吸速率的影响

2003年6月17日、8月5日和10月10日,研究了长白山长白松林地内土壤呼吸速率和断根土壤呼吸速率日变化,并于2004年5～9月对其季节变化进行了测定.结果表明,土壤总呼吸速率和断根土壤呼吸速率的日变化均呈单峰型,峰值一般出现在12:00～14:00,8月份土壤呼吸速率的日变化幅度小于6月份和10月份.土壤总呼吸速率、断根土壤呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率具有明显的季节变化,6～8月份较高,5月份和9月份较低.2004年5～9月份,土壤总呼吸速率、断根土壤呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率的平均值分别为3.12、1.94和1.18 μmolCO²·m^-2·s^-1,根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献为26.5%～52.6%.土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度之间呈显著的指数相关,与土壤湿度之间呈线性相关.土壤总呼吸速率、断根土壤呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率的Q10值分别为2.44、2.55和2.27,断根土壤呼吸速率对温度的敏感程度大于土壤总呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率.土壤总呼吸速率对土壤湿度的敏感程度大于根系呼吸,断根土壤呼吸速率对土壤湿度的敏感程度最差.     

南方红壤区3年生茶园土壤呼吸特征

为探讨南方红壤区茶园的土壤呼吸特征,采用LI-Cor8100开路式土壤碳通量测定系统观测3年生茶园系统的土壤呼吸速率,对茶园土壤呼吸速率的季节变化和在茶行尺度上的空间异质性进行了研究。结果表明,茶园土壤呼吸速率的月动态变化呈明显的单峰曲线特征,峰值出现在8月;茶园土壤呼吸速率的月动态变化与温度呈极显著相关(P<0.01),土壤10 cm的温度能够解释茶园不同观测区域土壤呼吸速率月动态变化的67.79%~88.52%;用指数方程计算的茶园不同观测区域土壤呼吸Q10值为1.58~1.86。在茶行尺度上,茶园土壤呼吸速率存在明显的空间异质性,土壤呼吸速率通常在距离茶树基部较近的位置较高;根系生物量能够解释茶园土壤呼吸速率在茶行尺度上空间变异的82.68%。因此,根系分布的空间差异是造成茶园土壤呼吸速率空间异质性的主要原因。     

不同树龄杨树人工林的根系呼吸季节动态

根系呼吸是准确评估森林生态系统土壤碳收支的一个重要依据。基于LI-COR-6400-09土壤呼吸系统连续2a测定的3个生长阶段杨树人工林的根系呼吸数据,分析了根系呼吸的季节变化规律及树龄、土壤水热因子和细根生物量对它的影响。结果表明:3个不同树龄人工林的根系呼吸速率均呈明显的季节变化,最大值出现在夏初,最小值出现在秋末,基本上与表层土壤温度的季节变化相一致。根系呼吸的峰值早于土壤温度和细根生物量的峰值,说明林木根系的季节生长节律、地下碳分配模式都可能影响根系呼吸的季节变化。2年生人工林的根系呼吸速率最高,平均为3.78μmolCO2m-2s-1,并随树龄增长呈下降趋势。3个树龄人工林根系呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例介于38.6%-58.0%之间,且2年生人工林最大。不同林龄之间根系呼吸的差异主要与根系的生长周转速率及代谢活性随生长阶段的变化有关。总的来说,表层土壤温度和细根生物量的协同作用可解释根系呼吸速率变化的76%。此外在评估一个轮伐期内的根系呼吸强度时,应考虑不同生长阶段对它的影响。     

长白山阔叶红松林生态系统的呼吸速率

利用Li-6400便携式CO₂分析系统测定长白山原始阔叶红松林生态系统土壤呼吸、乔灌木的枝干呼吸和叶呼吸; 同步监测森林小气候气象因子;建立土壤、树干、叶与环境因子间的模型.根据阔叶红松林植被群落的特性,估算阔叶红松林生态系统不同组分呼吸速率.结果表明,阔叶红松林生态系统呼吸具有明显的成熟林特征,生态系统总呼吸量为1602.8 g C·m^-2.整个生态系统年平均呼吸速率为（4.37±2.98）μmol·m^-2·s^-1 (24 h平均数).其中,土壤呼吸、枝干和叶呼吸分别占整个森林生态系统呼吸的63%、16%和21%.乔木、灌木和草本叶呼吸速率分别占阔叶红松林生态系统植物呼吸的89.82%、5.57%和4.61%.阔叶红松林生态系统呼吸速率与大气和土壤温度之间呈显著的指数关系.大气和土壤温度能分别反映阔叶红松林生态系统呼吸的87%和95%.     

亚热带毛竹人工林土壤呼吸组分动态变化及其影响因素

利用Li-8100土壤碳通量测量系统,研究了2013年4月—2014年3月浙江临安市毛竹人工林土壤呼吸、异养呼吸和自养呼吸速率的动态变化规律.结果表明：毛竹人工林土壤总呼吸速率、异养呼吸速率和自养呼吸速率均呈现出明显的季节变化特征,最高值出现在7月,最低值出现在1月,年平均值分别为2.93、1.92和1.01 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1.毛竹林土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸和自养呼吸年累积CO₂排放量分别为37.25、24.61和12.64 t CO₂·hm^-2·a^-1.土壤呼吸各组分均与土壤5 cm温度呈显著指数相关,土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸和自养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q₁₀值分别为2.05、1.95和2.34.土壤总呼吸速率、异养呼吸速率与土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量均呈显著相关,而自养呼吸与WSOC无显著相关性;土壤呼吸各组分与土壤含水〖JP2〗量以及微生物生物量碳均无显著相关性.土壤温度是影响毛竹人工林土壤呼吸及其组分季节变化的主要驱动因子,土壤WSOC含量是影响土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸的重要环境因子.     

中国森林土壤呼吸模式

通过收集国内62个森林样地的土壤呼吸及相关因子数据,分析中国森林土壤呼吸模式.结果表明,中国森林土壤呼吸年通量与年均气温、年均降水量、年凋落物量和年地上净生产力均呈显著的线性正相关,土壤呼吸的Q10则与年均气温和年均降水量均呈显著的负相关.根系呼吸、枯枝落叶层呼吸与土壤呼吸间均呈显著线性正相关;土壤异养呼吸和枯枝落叶层呼吸与年凋落物量呈显著正相关;土壤异养呼吸与自养呼吸间呈显著的线性正相关.根系呼吸、枯枝落叶层呼吸、矿质土壤呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例均值分别为34.7%、20.2%和50.2%.矿质土壤呼吸所占比例与气温和降水量呈显著负相关,而异养呼吸所占比例则与降水量呈显著负相关.根系呼吸所占比例与根系呼吸之间呈渐近线关系(渐近值为45.9%).     

沙漠化对沙地土壤呼吸的影响及其对环境变化的响应

为了了解沙漠化过程中土壤呼吸速率变化及其对环境因素变化的响应,于2005年在科尔沁沙地研究了固定、半固定和流动沙地的土壤呼吸日变化和生长季动态及其与环境变化的关系,得出以下结论:(1)3种沙地土壤呼吸日变化在春季和秋季呈单峰曲线,夏季呈多峰曲线;(2)3种沙地土壤呼吸速率从春季到秋季的季节动态均呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在6月下旬和8月下旬;(3)固定和半固定沙地的土壤呼吸的日变化幅度明显大于流动沙地,季节变化幅度也是固定沙地半固定沙地流动沙地;(4)随着沙漠化的发展,土壤呼吸平均速率明显下降,生长季平均土壤呼吸速率从固定沙地的2.32μmolCO2/(m·2s)降为半固定的1.65μmolCO2/(m·2s)和流动沙地的1.06μmolCO2/(m·2s);(5)3种沙地土壤呼吸速率日变化均与土壤温度呈正相关,与空气湿度呈负相关,在季节尺度上3种沙地土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、土壤水分和大气湿度均呈正相关,但只有固定沙地的相关性达到了显著水平;(6)沙漠化过程中,虽然土壤温度、土壤有机碳含量和植物根系碳含量都是导致沙地土壤呼吸发生改变的重要因子,但制约其变化的关键因子还是土壤水分和空气湿度。     

西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸的季节变化

采用挖壕沟法与红外气体分析法,研究了西双版纳热带季节雨林和人工橡胶林内土壤呼吸包括根系呼吸、异养呼吸的干湿季动态变化.结果表明：季节雨林内土壤呼吸和异养呼吸速率均显著大于橡胶林(P＜0.01),但根系呼吸差异不显著;土壤温湿度是呼吸速率变化的主要影响因子,季节雨林和橡胶林内土壤呼吸和异养呼吸速率均为雨季＞干热季＞雾凉季,但季节雨林内根系呼吸为雨季＞雾凉季＞干热季,而橡胶林内为雾凉季＞雨季＞干热季;季节雨林内根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献率(29%)小于橡胶林(42%,P＜0.01),而季节雨林内异养呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献率为71%、橡胶林为58%;当5 cm土壤温度在12 ℃～32 ℃范围内变化时,季节雨林内土壤呼吸及根系呼吸、异养呼吸的Q₁₀值均大于橡胶林,且异养呼吸的Q₁₀值最大而根系呼吸的Q₁₀值最小.     

改变C源输入对油松人工林土壤呼吸的影响

2010年生长季,采用不同处理（去凋切根、去除凋落物、对照、切除根系、加倍凋落物）研究土壤C源输入方式对油松人工林土壤呼吸速率及5 cm土壤温湿度的影响。结果表明：改变C源输入对土壤温度产生的差异不显著（P>0.05）,而对土壤湿度和土壤呼吸速率产生的差异显著（P<0.05）。整个观测期去凋切根、去凋、对照、切根及加倍凋落物处理的土壤呼吸速率平均值分别为1.54,1.71,2.71,2.47和3.39 ?mol m-2 s-1。相比对照样方土壤呼吸,去凋切根处理使油松人工林整个观测期土壤呼吸速率平均降低（44.27 2.31）%;去除凋落物使土壤呼吸速率平均降低（36.03 2.64）%;切除根系使土壤呼吸速率平均降低（10.76 3.26）%,但试验初期切除根系表现为增加土壤呼吸,6月下旬和7月中旬分别使土壤呼吸增加25.91%和0.29%,此后,切除根系使土壤呼吸速率显著降低。如果排除6月和7月的数据,则切除根系使土壤呼吸速率平均降低21.90%;加倍凋落物使土壤呼吸速率平均增加（21.01 3.21）%。去凋切根、去凋、切根和加倍凋落物处理土壤呼吸的温度敏感系数Q10值分别为1.75,1.65,2.32和3.10,四者之间差异均显著（P<0.05）,对照样方土壤呼吸的Q10值为2.23。不同处理土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度均呈显著指数相关（P<0.001）,而与土壤湿度的相关性并不显著（P>0.05）。土壤温度和水分的双变量模型均可以很好地解释土壤呼吸的季节变化,拟合方程的R2值范围为0.49—0.83。     

Annual variation in soil respiration and its components in a coppice oak forest in Central Italy

In order to investigate the annual variation of soil respiration and its components in relation to seasonal changes in soil temperature and soil moisture in a Mediterranean mixed oak forest ecosystem, we set up a series of experimental treatments in May 1999 where litter (no litter), roots (no roots, by trenching) or both were excluded from plots of 4 m². Subsequently, we measured soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture in each plot over a year after the forest was coppiced. The treatments did not significantly affect soil temperature or soil moisture measured over 0–10 cm depth. Soil respiration varied markedly during the year with high rates in spring and autumn and low rates in summer, coinciding with summer drought, and in winter, with the lowest temperatures. Very high respiration rates, however, were observed during the summer immediately after rainfall events. The mean annual rate of soil respiration was 2.9 µ mol m^?2 s^?1, ranging from 1.35 to 7.03 µmol m^?2 s^?1. Soil respiration was highly correlated with temperature during winter and during spring and autumn whenever volumetric soil water content was above 20%. Below this threshold value, there was no correlation between soil respiration and soil temperature, but soil moisture was a good predictor of soil respiration. A simple empirical model that predicted soil respiration during the year, using both soil temperature and soil moisture accounted for more than 91% of the observed annual variation in soil respiration. All the components of soil respiration followed a similar seasonal trend and were affected by summer drought. The Q₁₀ value for soil respiration was 2.32, which is in agreement with other studies in forest ecosystems. However, we found a Q₁₀ value for root respiration of 2.20, which is lower than recent values reported for forest sites. The fact that the seasonal variation in root growth with temperature in Mediterranean ecosystems differs from that in temperate regions may explain this difference. In temperate regions, increases in size of root populations during the growing season, coinciding with high temperatures, may yield higher apparent Q₁₀ values than in Mediterranean regions where root growth is suppressed by summer drought. The decomposition of organic matter and belowground litter were the major components of soil respiration, accounting for almost 55% of the total soil respiration flux. This proportion is higher than has been reported for mature boreal and temperate forest and is probably the result of a short‐term C loss following recent logging at the site. The relationship proposed for soil respiration with soil temperature and soil moisture is useful for understanding and predicting potential changes in Mediterranean forest ecosystems in response to forest management and climate change.     

Annual soil respiration in broadleaf forests of northern Wisconsin: influence of moisture and site biological,chemical, and physical characteristics

Soil temperature and moisture influence soil respiration at a range of temporal and spatial scales. Although soil temperature and moisture may be seasonally correlated, intra and inter-annual variations in soil moisture do occur. There are few direct observations of the influence of local variation in species composition or other stand/site characteristics on seasonal and annual variations in soil moisture, and on cumulative annual soil carbon release. Soil climate and soil respiration from twelve sites in five different forest types were monitored over a 2-year period (1998–1999). Also measured were stand age, species composition, basal area, litter inputs, total above-ground wood production, leaf area index, forest floor mass, coarse and fine root mass, forest floor carbon and nitrogen concentration, root carbon and nitrogen concentration, soil carbon and nitrogen concentration, coarse fraction mass and volume, and soil texture. General soil respiration models were developed using soil temperature, daily soil moisture, and various site/soil characteristics. Of the site/soil characteristics, above-ground production, soil texture, roots + forest floor mass, roots + forest floor carbon:nitrogen, and soil carbon:nitrogen were significant predictors of soil respiration when used alone in respiration models; all of these site variables were weakly to moderately correlated with mean site soil moisture. Daily soil climate data were used to estimate the annual release of carbon (C) from soil respiration for the period 1998–1999. Mean annual soil temperature did not differ between the 2 years but mean annual soil moisture was approximately 9% lower in 1998 due to a summer drought. Soil C respired during 1998 ranged from 8.57 to 11.43 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ while the same sites released 10.13 and 13.57 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in 1999; inter-annual differences of 15.41 and 15.73%, respectively. Among the 12 sites studied, we calculated that the depression of soil respiration linked to the drought caused annual differences of soil respiration from 11.00 to 15.78%. Annual estimates of respired soil C decreased with increasing site mean soil moisture. Similarly, the difference of respired carbon between the drought and the non-drought years generally decreased with increasing site mean soil moisture.     

寒温带岛状林沼泽土壤呼吸速率和季节变化

2011年生长季内利用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了寒温带典型湿地白桦(Betula platyphylla)岛状林沼泽、兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)岛状林沼泽土壤呼吸速率的季节动态及其主要环境因子,利用壕沟隔断法对土壤呼吸各组分间的差异进行研究。结果表明:生长季白桦和兴安落叶松岛状林沼泽土壤呼吸速率具有明显的季节性规律,土壤呼吸总速率分别为368.60和312.46 mg m-2h-1,异养呼吸速率分别为300.57和215.70 mg m-2h-1,占土壤呼吸总速率的81.5%和69.0%;自养呼吸速率为68.03和96.76 mg m-2h-1,占土壤呼吸总速率的18.5%和31.0%。不同处理条件下的土壤呼吸在季节变化上表现基本一致,高峰期都发生在夏季;土壤呼吸与温度呈极显著相关性,但与土壤湿度的相关性较差。生长季白桦和兴安落叶松岛状林沼泽土壤呼吸总量分别为12.64和10.61 t/hm2。     

Root respiration rate before and just after clear-felling in a mature,deciduous, broad-leaved forest

Soil respiration was measured throughout the year (June 1992 to May 1993) in a mature, deciduous, broad-leaved forest and an adjacent, clear-felled stand which was made in November 1991, in Hiroshima Prefecture, west Japan. The same soil temperature and soil moisture content as those in the forest stand were maintained in two frame boxes covered with sheets of white netting in the clear-felled stand to observe soil respiration. A herbicide was applied to the cut end of all stumps in one of the two frame boxes in order to kill the root system. There was no significant difference in the aboveground biomass and soil environmental conditions between the forest and the frame boxes in the clear-felled stands. The difference in soil respiration rate between the forest and the frame box, in which the root system was killed by the herbicide, was considered to be due largely to the contribution of root respiration. Taking into consideration CO₂ evolution due to the decomposition of roots killed and the change in A₀ layer respiration rate after clear-felling, the proportion of root respiration to the total soil respiration before clear-felling was estimated to be 51% annually, which coincides closely with those values estimated previously in mature forests by other methods. The difference in the soil respiration rate between the two frame boxes (one with killed roots and the other with undisturbed roots) suggested that the annual root respiration rate just after clear-felling dropped to about two-thirds (70%) of that before clear-felling.     

Forest floor respiration in a black spruce taiga forest ecosystem in Alaska

A technique was developed for measuring respiration of virtually undisturbed forest floor samples, and used to follow seasonal changes in two black spruce forest stands in interior Alaska, In the laboratory, soil respiration showed a positive response to increasing temperature: however, respiration measured in the field was negatively correlated with air and soil temperature, but positively correlated with water content of the soil within the range (100–250% of dry weight) normally experienced in the field. Moisture levels above 250% inhibited respiration. Precipitation events usually stimulate forest floor respiration, but prolonged periods of dry and rainy weather lead to limitation of respiration by sub- and supraoptimal moisture, respectively. Long-term confinement of soil has significant effects upon soil arthropod densities, moisture content, temperature, and respiration, and should not be taken to represent the natural conditions of the forest floor.     

氮添加下城市森林土壤呼吸动态变化及其影响因素

城市森林是生态系统重要碳库,其土壤呼吸是构成陆地土壤碳循环的重要环节。为了研究全球氮沉降增加背景下城市森林土壤呼吸动态变化及影响因素,本研究选取安徽省合肥市蜀山森林公园典型城市森林为研究对象,通过添加0(CK)、50(LN)、100(HN) kg N·m^-2·a^-1硝酸铵试验,对其土壤呼吸速率、温湿度及理化性质进行动态观测。结果表明: 城市森林土壤呼吸具有明显的季节差异,氮添加没有改变土壤呼吸季节动态特征;土壤呼吸与土壤温度存在显著相关性,土壤温度与土壤湿度的交互作用能更好地解释土壤呼吸的变异;氮添加在一定程度上改变了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性,其指数Q₁₀值表现为LN(2.12)>CK(2.10)>HN(2.05);不同氮添加条件下,土壤呼吸与土壤硝态氮、溶解性有机碳、pH、碳氮比存在显著相关关系;氮添加对土壤呼吸的促进作用主要表现在生长季,对非生长季土壤呼吸则表现出轻微的抑制作用。     

Effects of precipitation increase on soil respiration: a three-year field experiment in subtropical forests in china

Background

The aim of this study was to determine response patterns and mechanisms of soil respiration to precipitation increases in subtropical regions.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Field plots in three typical forests [i.e. pine forest (PF), broadleaf forest (BF), and pine and broadleaf mixed forest (MF)] in subtropical China were exposed under either Double Precipitation (DP) treatment or Ambient Precipitation (AP). Soil respiration, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil microbial biomass and fine root biomass were measured over three years. We tested whether precipitation treatments influenced the relationship of soil respiration rate (R) with soil temperature (T) and soil moisture (M) using R = (a+cM)exp(bT), where a is a parameter related to basal soil respiration; b and c are parameters related to the soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of soil respiration, respectively. We found that the DP treatment only slightly increased mean annual soil respiration in the PF (15.4%) and did not significantly change soil respiration in the MF and the BF. In the BF, the increase in soil respiration was related to the enhancements of both soil fine root biomass and microbial biomass. The DP treatment did not change model parameters, but increased soil moisture, resulting in a slight increase in soil respiration. In the MF and the BF, the DP treatment decreased soil temperature sensitivity b but increased basal soil respiration a, resulting in no significant change in soil respiration.

Conclusion/Significance

Our results indicate that precipitation increasing in subtropical regions in China may have limited effects on soil respiration.     

Effects of open-top passive warming chambers on soil respiration in the semi-arid steppe to taiga forest transition zone in Northern Mongolia

The response of soil respiration to warming has been poorly studied in regions at higher latitude with low precipitation. We manipulated air temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture using passive, open-top chambers (OTCs) in three different ecosystem settings in close proximity (boreal forest, riparian area, and semi-arid steppe) to investigate how environmental factors would affect soil respiration in these different ecosystems, anticipating that soil respiration would increase in response to the chamber treatment. The results indicated that OTCs significantly increased air and soil temperature in areas with open canopy and short-statured vegetation (i.e., steppe areas) but not in forest. OTCs also affected soil moisture, but the direction of change depended on the ecosystem, and the magnitude of change was highly variable. Generally, OTCs did not affect soil respiration in steppe and riparian areas. Although soil respiration was slightly greater in OTCs placed in the forest, the difference was not statistically significant. Analyses of relationships between soil respiration and environmental variables suggested that different factors controlled soil respiration in the different ecosystems. Competing effects analysis using a model selection approach and regression analyses (e.g., Q₁₀) demonstrated that soil respiration in the forest was more sensitive to warming, while soil respiration in the steppe was more sensitive to soil moisture. The differing responses and controlling factors among these neighboring forest, riparian and steppe ecosystems in Northern Mongolia highlight the importance of taking into account potential biome shifts in C cycling modeling to generate more accurate predictions of landscape-scale responses to anticipated climate change.     

Root Respiration for Agave deserti: Influence of Temperature, Water Status and Root Age on Daily Patterns

Root respiration, measured as CO₂ efflux, was studied for asucculent perennial from the Sonoran Desert, Agave deserti,with a new technique using individual, attached roots. The dailypatterns of root respiration closely followed the daily patternsof root temperature for both established roots and rain roots,with higher rates during the day when root temperature averaged27?C and lower rates at night when root temperature averaged17?C. When root temperature was raised from 5?C to 40?C, rootrespiration increased about 7-fold; from 45 ?C to 55 ?C, rootrespiration decreased about 2-fold, except for old establishedroots. Root respiration per unit dry weight for both root typesdecreased with age, the initial decrease being greater for rainroots than for established roots. Root respiration rates forrain roots were reduced to zero at a soil water potential (_soil)of –0.9 MPa and did not recover upon rewatering. Upondrying, root respiration rates for established roots were maintainedat about 12% of maximum, even when _soil fell to –1.6 MPa,and fully recovered 1.5 d after rewatering the soil. Such responsesof rain and established roots must be taken into account whenassessing the carbon costs for the root system. Key words: Agave deserti, CO₂ exchange, root respiration, temperature, soil water potential     

西双版纳山地三种土地利用方式的旱季土壤呼吸

为了解西双版纳山地不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸旱季变化特征,本研究对古树茶园、台地茶园和次生林中土壤呼吸速率及其相关因素进行定位观测。结论如下：三种土地利用方式土壤呼吸速率日变化有显著的差异性（P<0.05）;土壤呼吸速率日最高值大多出现在14∶00-16∶00;旱雨季交错期是土壤呼吸速率和土壤湿度变化最剧烈的阶段;土壤呼吸速率日均值表现为古树茶园（2.62μmol·m-2s-1）<台地茶园（2.73μmol·m-2s-1）<次生林（3.01μmol·m-2s-1）;土壤湿度过高和过低都会阻碍土壤呼吸的进行;三种土地利用方式土壤呼吸速率均与土壤湿度(0~10cm)和空气日均温具有相关关系;降水会引起土壤呼吸较大的波动。