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1.
 本文把四川缙云山亚热带常绿阔叶林的演替系列分成6个阶段:(1)弃耕地;(2)灌草丛;(3)马尾松林;(4)以马尾松为优势的常绿针、阔叶混交林;(5)以常绿阔叶树为优势的针、阔叶混交林;(6)常绿阔叶林。分别从每个阶段分3层采集0.5m2,l0cm厚度的5个小样地的土样,带回实验室,通过萌发法研究土壤种子库。得到如下结论:A、种子数量和物种多样性在演替早期阶段(从弃耕地到马尾松林)一般随演替发展而减少,种子数目随土层加深而降低;后期阶段(马尾松林到常绿阔叶林)种子数则大致随演替发展而增加;同一阶段各土层种子数差异不大。B、各演替阶段土壤种子库的种类组成均以草本植物为主。C、在湿度和光照比较一致的情况下,萌发种子数与温度成正相关。大多数种类的种子80%以上在实验的头六个星期内萌发。D、演替早期阶段的地上植物种类组成与土壤种子库中种类组成基本一致,演替后期阶段相关甚少。本文还讨论了土壤种子库研究的取样体积问题,以及土壤种子库在植被动态中的作用。  相似文献   

2.
西双版纳热带森林土壤种子库与地上植被的关系   总被引:39,自引:3,他引:36  
通过实验研究探讨了西双版纳几类热带森林的土壤种子库与地上植被的关系.结果表明,在森林演替的初期,土壤种子库与地上植被共有的种类和种子储量较多,随着林龄的增大,外来种子的比例逐渐增加,到季节雨林阶段,土壤种子库中的种子大部分为来自群落外的先锋种类.这些种子在郁闭的林冠下很难萌发,一旦森林受到干扰出现林窗或空旷地,这些潜在的种源将迅速萌发,参与植被的恢复或演替  相似文献   

3.
西双版纳热带森林的土壤种子库储量及优势成分   总被引:51,自引:0,他引:51  
曹敏  唐勇 《云南植物研究》1997,19(2):177-183
作为西双版纳热带森林土壤种子库生态学系统研究的首次报道,本文采用野外样带取样与萌发实验相结合的方法,探讨了当地1类季节雨林(番龙眼、千果榄仁林)和3类次生森林(山黄麻林、中平树林、半人工林)的土壤种子库储量及其优势成分。结果发现,中平树林和山黄麻林的土壤中蕴藏着十分丰富的种子,在厚度为10cm的表层土壤中,它们的种子密度分别高达29945±2267粒/m2和24740±2275粒/m2。而季节雨林和半人工林土壤种子库中的种子密度仅为5905±202粒/m2和3345±438粒/m2。草本植物无论是在种类还是个体数量上都是这几类森林土壤种子库的优势成分,但随着森林演替年龄的增加,其所占比例有所减少。  相似文献   

4.
宝华山主要植被类型土壤种子库初探   总被引:87,自引:2,他引:85  
落叶常绿阔叶混交比和落叶阔叶林的土壤种子库分别有49种和33种植物,其中,前者有草本42种,灌木3种,乔木4种,密度为255粒/m^2,后者有草本29种,灌木1种,乔木3种,密度为145粒/m^2,两植被类型的土壤种子库组成与其现存地上植被的组成相似性极小。落叶常绿阔叶混交林林窗的土壤种子库有33个种,密度为413粒/m^2,与非林窗区域的土壤种子库组成仅有53.1%的相似性。  相似文献   

5.
西双版纳白背桐次生林土壤种子库、种子雨研究   总被引:25,自引:1,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
唐勇  曹敏 《植物生态学报》1998,22(6):505-512
 本文讨论了西双版纳常见的次生林白背桐(Mallotus paniculatus )林的土壤种子库和种子雨的组成及动态。结果表明该林地的种子雨年输入量为745粒/m2,土壤种子库储量在雨季末期为3345±438粒/m2,旱季末期为4555±554粒/m2,种子雨的输入高峰出现在旱季,导致旱季末期土壤种子库储量大于雨季末期。森林破碎化导致的隔离效应阻碍了种子的传播途径,使土壤种子库储量下降,种子雨和土壤种子库中鸟类传播的种子比例增大。传播成熟林树种的大型动物到达不了该样地,植被的演替受到了阻碍。  相似文献   

6.
对黑石顶森林次生演替过程中土壤种子库的研究表明:演替各阶段的种子库的种类组成以草本种、灌木种占优势,分别为20.35%-66.67%和16.09%-35.40%,乔木种的比例很小,为0.35%-11.76%;演替初期种子库的种类最多,为31种,针阔混交林阶段最少,为22种,阳生性常绿阔叶林阶段种类增加至30种,至中生性常绿阔叶林阶段基本保持稳定为25-26种。种子库中各层出现的物种数由上而下逐渐减  相似文献   

7.
1前言土壤种子库的组成和动态的检测主要有两种方法,其一是把土壤样品铺在垫有沙子(经消毒除去沙子内可能有的种子)的花盆或其它发芽框上,给予合适条件使土样中的种子萌发,记录幼苗数及种类[1~5];另一种是用物理方法分离土样直接得到种子,检测种子活力和统计...  相似文献   

8.
长白山森林不同演替阶段采伐林隙土壤种子库特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对长白山地区不同恢复演替阶段的杨桦次生林、次生阔叶林和阔叶红松林采伐林隙内的土壤种子库进行了研究.结果表明:次生阔叶林林隙内土壤种子库的种子密度最大,为652粒·m-2.随着森林群落的演替,土壤种子库的多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐增大,而优势度指数则逐渐降低;红松、臭松和色木槭等顶极种的种子密度逐渐增大,山槐、水曲柳等树种的种子密度逐步降低;种子库的物种组成同更新幼苗的相似性越来越高,相异性则越来越低.在3种林型中,非林隙林分土壤种子库的种子密度,以及同幼苗的相似性均与林隙内种子库相同.说明土壤种子库为群落的恢复演替提供了丰富的种源基础,且随着恢复演替的进行,对地表植被更新的影响越来越强.  相似文献   

9.
引入土壤种子库对铅锌尾矿废弃地植被恢复的作用   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28       下载免费PDF全文
检测了丢荒旱作地土壤种子库,其种子含量为(6850±377)·m-2,共有41种植物。其中92.7%的种和 75. 8%的种子是分布在 0~2 cm的表层中。从丢荒旱作地采挖 10 cm深的表层土壤,以 1cm, 2 cm, 4 cm和 8 cm 等4种不同厚度分别铺放在铅锌矿尾矿废弃地试验小区上。尽管由于铺土厚度不同,各小区所含有的土壤种子库 中的种子数量也不同,但4种铺土处理试验,其幼苗平均数量分别为每平方米883± 434,995± 158,1242± 327 和803±31株,经检验差异不显著,而不铺放表土的对照区则没有幼苗生长。可见,如果仅仅是作为提供种子资源 而引入土壤种子库,则铺放 1cm的表土就已足够。然而,经过1年以后,在铺放表土厚度为1cm, 2 cm和 4 cm处 理上的幼苗全部死亡,只有铺放 8 cm厚度表土的小区上实现了植被恢复,共有 15种植物成功定居,其中有 11种开 花结果,盖度达100%。这说明了较薄的表土不足以有效阻隔尾矿与大气的接触,减缓酸化,以及缓冲尾矿酸化的影 响,此外较薄的表土也无法提供植物根系足够的生长空间。因此,如能预先铺放一层阻隔层,如底土、馀坭、垃圾之 类,再引入土壤种子库将有助于土壤种子  相似文献   

10.
刀耕火种对山黄麻林土壤种子库的影响   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
唐勇  曹敏 《云南植物研究》1997,19(4):423-428
山黄麻为热带地区常见的先锋树种。在西双版纳地区,它常常在丢荒的刀火种地上形成单优种群,在次生演替的卢着重要的作用。本文采用的萌发实验法探讨了刀耕火种对一4龄山黄麻林的土壤种子库的影响。研究表明刀耕火种过程使土壤种子库的储量从林地的65355粒/m^2降为烧后的1070粒/m^2,种子种类从林地60种下降为29种,改变了土壤种子库的结构,提高了土壤种子库中耐火烧类种子的比例,使在其后的恢复过程中有较  相似文献   

11.
普洱市周边地区4种土地利用类型土壤种子库特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对云南普洱市周边地区次生季风常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、人工更新形成的针叶林及茶园等4种土地利用类型的野外调查及土壤种子库的萌发实验,探讨其土壤种子库的密度大小、物种丰富度和组成及与地上植被的关系。结果表明:干扰强度与频度不同导致土地利用类型之间土壤种子库密度与物种丰富度存在较大差异,土壤种子库密度大小顺序为:针叶林(248.67±116.86)粒·m-2>针阔混交林(186.00±43.27)粒·m-2>次生季风常绿阔叶林(107.33±16.48)粒·m-2>茶园(51.67±10.17)粒·m-2;茶园土壤种子库物种丰富度要显著低于其他类型。4种土地利用类型土壤种子库生活型组成差异极显著,主要以草本植物组成,以菊科与禾本科占优势;针阔混交林的草本植物种子密度最多,非森林的原生物种是草本植物的主要组成;针叶林外来物种的种子密度要显著高于其他类型,紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)是其主要组成。土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性系数较低,其大小顺序为:次生季风常绿阔叶林(0.175)<针阔混交林(0.176)<针叶林(0.215)。  相似文献   

12.
In order to reveal the role of soil seed banks in vegetation recovery after fire in savanna, the spatial distribution and temporal changes in the soil seed banks of regularly burning savanna in Gambella, western Ethiopia, was studied. The seedling emergence technique was employed to determine the species composition and density of the soil seed bank of six sites ranging in fire severity from wooded grassland with frequent fires over woodland with intermediate fire frequency to forest with absence of fires. Species composition and density of seeds in the soil were compared between seasons, depths and sites with different types of standing vegetation. Fourteen plant species were recorded in the soil seed bank from the grassland and woodland sites and 6 from the dry forests; 60 % of the taxa in the soil seed bank were annuals and 40 % were perennials. The soil seed banks were largely dominated by graminoids and 48–97 % of the soil seed bank in the grasslands and woodlands was of a single grass species, Hyparrhenia confinis , which was absent from the dry forests. The soil seed pools ranged from less than 100 to 4700 seeds per m2 depending upon the season. The soil seed bank of graminoids was nearly empty after the onset of the rainy season whereas seeds of broadleaved herbs and woody species able to germinate were still found after this time. Floristic composition, representation of life forms and density of seeds in soil did not correspond closely with that of the standing vegetation, but within graminoids there was a strong similarity between the soil seed bank and the standing vegetation. The current fire regime of Ethiopian savanna woodlands appears to maintain the dominance of graminoids over broadleaved herbs and woody plants both as seeds in the soil and in the standing vegetation.  相似文献   

13.
西双版纳地区不同植被亚型蚁科昆虫群落研究   总被引:30,自引:5,他引:25  
研究了西双版纳地区16各被亚型蚂蚁的特有种、优势种、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数和相似性系数。所采蚂蚁分隶于8亚科66属220种。雨季的季节性十麻蚂蚁物种多样性指数最大,为2.908;旱季的茶园中多样性指数最小,为0.114。以山地雨林和季风常绿阔叶林蚂蚁物各组成相似性系数最大,为0.356;以温暖性叶阔叶林和茶园相似性系数最小,为0.017。16种植被亚型均有特有种,其中半常绿季雨林特  相似文献   

14.
Abstract. As part of a wider study examining regeneration pathways in monsoon rain forest vegetation in northern Australia, the dormant component of the soil seed bank was assessed by storing soil samples for over six dry season months, before watering in shade-house trials. Six soil samples were collected from each of 34 sites broadly representative of the range of regional monsoon rain forest vegetation. Four floristic seed bank groups were derived through TWINSPAN classification. Mean group densities of germinants ranged from 25–144/m2. Dormant seed banks were least dense, and most sparsely distributed, in sandy soils. Seed bank samples were dominated by woody pioneer monsoon rain forest species, especially figs; exotic weeds and savanna taxa (e.g. Poaceae) were relatively more common at seasonally dry sites. Dormant seed banks comprised species mostly present in the standing vegetation, although a small number of germinants represented species not growing at half the sites. Regeneration of woody pioneers from dormant seed banks is least likely to be of importance on infertile, seasonally dry sites.  相似文献   

15.
Soil seed bank dynamics in alpine wetland succession on the Tibetan Plateau   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The primary goal was to address several questions with regard to how soil seed banks change in a successional series. How does the composition of the viable seed bank change, and how does the relationship of the soil seed bank and vegetation change with succession? Can the seed bank be regarded as a potential as a source of seeds for wetland restoration? We collected soil seed bank samples and sampled the vegetation in four different successional stages and used the NMDS (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) to evaluate the relationship of species composition between the seed banks and vegetation. The difference of seed density and species richness in different habitats and soil depths also was compared. Viable seeds of half (37) the species in the early-successional stage were found in all the successional stages. Similarity between seed bank and vegetation increased with succession. Both seed density and species richness in the seed bank increased with successional age and decreased with soil depth. The majority of species from the early-successional stage produced long-lived seeds. Seed density and species richness increased with succession, mainly as a result of increasing seed production, and hypotheses predicting decreasing density of buried seeds and species richness were not confirmed. Seed banks play a minor role in contributing to the regeneration of vegetation, and managers cannot rely on soil-stored seed banks for restoration of wetlands.  相似文献   

16.
The concept of ecological memory provides a new perspective for research on forest succession by including historical factors and the initial state of ecological processes. However, there are still significant gaps between the concept and its application. We selected nine proxy indicators (plant species, soil seed banks, soil microbes, soil animals, birds, soil age, soil pollen, soil mineral distribution, and light environment) and developed a method to quantify ecological memory and succession in a subtropical forest succession in South China. Taking the climax-monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest as the reference ecosystem, we found that ecological memory increased nonlinearly and accumulated following a specific assembly rule during succession. Memory concerning major soil microbes and soil animals, which improve the soil substrate, mainly accumulated from the initial to the early successional stage. Memory concerning the number of bird species and the availability of light, which ensure a source of regenerative seeds and the survival of understory seedlings, mainly accumulated from the early to middle successional stages. Memory concerning vegetation and soil seed banks mainly accumulated late in succession, guaranteeing that the ecosystem would reach the regional climax stage. Prospective memory was greater than retrospective memory in every successional stage except the late stage, which indicated that all stages but the late stage were undergoing progressive succession. Our study demonstrates that the concept of ecological memory and the proposed evaluation framework are useful for guiding research on succession and restoration, and especially for assessing how “far” a restored ecosystem is from a reference ecosystem or how far a restored ecosystem has deviated from its natural succession trajectory.  相似文献   

17.
以山西文峪河上游13种典型的河岸林为研究对象,通过土壤种子库和树种更新研究,分析群落种子库与林下更新随演替进展的变化趋势,以及该区河岸树种的繁殖对策。结果表明:13种群落的土壤种子库密度间于1290±103~3950±154粒/m2,63.5%的种子留存于0~5 cm的层次;种子库包含49种植物,以多年生草本为主,存在耐干扰种和湿地植物的种子;处于相同或相邻演替阶段的群落,种子库相似性较高;随演替进展,种子库密度、丰度、Shannon-Wiener指数及种子库与地上植被的相似性均呈降低趋势;处于演替后期的青杄Picea wilsonii林存在丰富的"青杄幼苗库";先锋种白桦Betula platyphylla的种子存在于演替各阶段的群落中,储量丰富,其更新主要依赖于风媒种子,并存在少量萌蘖;青杄、白杄P.meyeri、华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii、油松Pi-nus tabulaeformis和辽东栎Quercus liaotongensis的种子库损耗严重,没有或仅存少量种子,其中云杉和油松的更新幼苗幼树多,属持久幼苗库更新;华北落叶松幼苗幼树少,且仅出现于林缘或林窗等开阔地,属植被空隙中季节性更新;辽东栎主要依赖丰富的幼苗库进行更新,同时存在一定的萌蘖;青杨Populus cathayana以大量风媒种子更新结合营养扩展。  相似文献   

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