亚热带红壤丘陵区四种人工林凋落物分解动态及养分释放

应用网袋分解法,连续2a对我国亚热带红壤丘陵区内有代表性的人工林类型马尾松（Pinus,massoniana）、湿地松（Pinus elliottii）、杉木（Cunninghamialanceolata）、木荷（Schimasuperba）＋马尾松（Pinus,massoniana）混交林的凋落物的分解速率,及其C、N元素释放动态进行了研究,凋落物样品分地上、地下两组处理方式。4种林分凋落物地上组的第1、2年分解速率（凋落物的年失重率）依次为马尾松林〉混交林〉湿地松林〉杉木林,马尾松林〉混交林〉杉木林〉湿地松林;地下组的第1、2年分解速率顺序分别为马尾松林〉混交林〉杉木林〉湿地松林,马尾松〉杉木林〉湿地松林〉混交林。各林分地上组凋落物分解速率明显快于地下部分,马尾松林凋落物的分解速率在不同时期均高于其它林分。4种林分凋落物的分解动态符合Olson指数衰减模型。根据拟合方程得出的凋落物分解95％时间为4～01a,介于暖温带常见树种凋落物95％被分解所需时间8～17a,地处南亚热带季风区的鼎湖山凋落物分解95％所需的时间2～8a。养分元素释放率的变化因不同林分和分解时期而异。C在各林分中始终表现为净释放,地上组凋落物的释放率大多数时间均高于地下组。N则于湿地松林、马尾松林和混交林中前期表现出富集现象,而后开始净释放,其中湿地松林凋落物的N富集现象最为显著,释放速率在两个试验年度均为各林分中最低,凋落物中初始的高C／N比是导致上述现象的原因。杉木林凋落物具有最低的初始C／N比,没有出现N富集现象,且在两个试验年度末期均维持了较高的N释放率.     

塔里木沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物分解对施肥的响应

为探讨沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物的分解速率和养分释放动态对施肥的响应,采用凋落物分解袋法,对塔里木沙漠公路防护林地乔木状沙拐枣(Calligonum arborescens)同化枝、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)同化枝和多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)枝凋落物在施肥处理下的分解及养分释放特征进行研究。结果表明:经过420d的分解,3种凋落物质量残留率在对照(不施肥)、施用氮肥、施用磷钾复合肥处理间存在显著性差异(P0.05)。乔木状沙拐枣同化枝、梭梭同化枝和多枝柽柳枝在对照处理下的质量残留率分别为56.95%、31.32%和50.24%。施肥处理下3种凋落物均呈现出梭梭同化枝分解速率最快,多枝柽柳枝次之,乔木状沙拐枣同化枝分解最慢。施用磷钾复合肥极显著提高了3种凋落物的分解速率(P0.01);施用氮肥则促进多枝柽柳枝的分解,抑制乔木状沙拐枣和梭梭同化枝的分解。凋落物分解过程中,对照组3种植物凋落物的C、N、P和K元素均呈现净释放状态;施肥后凋落物的N、P和K元素呈现出富集-释放的模式。凋落物初始P含量和C/N、C/P比值是分解初期的主导因素,初始K、木质素、纤维素含量和C/N、木质素/N比值是分解后期的主要控制因素。研究表明,施肥显著影响沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物的分解,增加防护林地表凋落物的养分归还量,延后养分释放的时间,改善塔里木沙漠公路防护林地的土壤肥力。凋落物初始C/N比值是预测塔里木沙漠凋落物分解的重要因素,且不同分解时期影响凋落物分解的初始化学组成有所差异。     

土壤动物对茂兰喀斯特森林凋落物分解过程中元素释放的作用

为探究喀斯特地区土壤动物对凋落物分解过程中的质量损失贡献率和元素释放作用,选取茂兰喀斯特原生林中两个典型常绿树种青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)与单性木兰(Kmeria septentrionalis)凋落物为研究对象,采用3种不同孔径(5、2、0.03 mm)网袋进行为期1年的野外分解实验,分析凋落物的质量损失和元素含量的变化及其与土壤动物群落的关系。结果表明,土壤动物对茂兰喀斯特森林凋落物的质量损失贡献率为42.0%～45.9%,大型土壤动物对混合凋落物(1∶1混合)的质量损失作用最大,中小型土壤动物对单性木兰凋落物的质量损失作用最大。土壤动物对单性木兰凋落物中N元素的释放有促进作用或抑制作用,对青冈+单性木兰混合凋落物N元素的释放表现为促进作用;对Ca元素的释放在单性木兰凋落物主要表现为促进作用;对P、K元素释放作用规律较为复杂,且与凋落物种类有关;对C、Mg元素的释放作用不明显。总之,土壤动物对高质量(低C/N)凋落物单性木兰的质量损失和元素释放作用较为显著,为理解茂兰喀斯特地区森林凋落物的分解机制提供了参考依据。     

黄土丘陵区人工林刺槐和油松凋落叶在不同降雨时期的分解特征

凋落物分解是维持生态系统养分循环和能量流动的关键过程,但在雨热同期的黄土丘陵区,不同降雨时期凋落物基质质量动态对该区不同树种凋落物分解速率的影响还不清楚。采用凋落物分解袋法,基于野外原位分解实验分析黄土丘陵区主要人工林刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.）和油松（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.）凋落叶在不同降雨时期的分解特征和分解过程中凋落叶基质质量的变化与分解速率之间的关系。研究结果发现：（1）经过391 d的分解,刺槐凋落叶的平均质量损失速率为（51.0±8.44）mg/d,显著地高于油松凋落叶（36.7±4.83）mg/d;雨季期间两树种凋落叶的质量损失速率均显著地高于旱季,其中夏季多雨期间凋落叶的质量损失速率最高,冬季微量降雨期间质量损失速率最低。（2）在整个分解过程中两树种凋落叶C和N含量都表现为净释放且主要发生在雨季,P含量表现为释放与富集交替进行;刺槐凋落叶C/N比、C/P比和N/P比呈波动的趋势,油松凋落叶C/N比则显著地增加且在夏季多雨期出现峰值,C/P比呈波动的状态,N/P比变化较小。（3）不同降雨时期刺槐凋落叶的质量损失速率与凋落叶P含量动态显著正相关,与C含量、C/P比和N/P比动态显著负相关。油松凋落叶质量损失速率与C/N比动态显著正相关,与C、N含量动态显著负相关,与N/P比动态呈负二次函数的关系。这些结果说明黄土丘陵区刺槐和油松凋落叶在不同降雨时期分解速率之间的差异显著且两树种凋落叶的分解都集中在雨季期间;此外凋落叶分解主要受到凋落叶N含量和N/P比动态变化的制约,与刺槐凋落叶相比,N含量与N/P比对油松凋落叶的限制作用更强。     

九寨沟国家自然保护区4个典型树种叶片凋落物在林下及高山湖泊中的分解及养分释放特征

叶片凋落物分解对生态系统的养分循环和生产力有着重要意义。该文利用网袋分解法对九寨沟国家自然保护区内黄果冷杉(Abies ernestii)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)和高山柳(Salix cupularis) 4个典型树种叶片凋落物在林下及高山湖泊中的分解及养分释放特征进行了对比研究。结果表明: 1)叶片凋落物分解质量损失规律符合Olson的负指数衰减模型(r > 0.93, p < 0.01), 4个树种叶片在林下完全分解(99%)的时间依次为: 高山柳(6.80 a) <红桦(10.34 a) <黄果冷杉(18.88 a) <油松(27.21 a), 且分别是其在水体中分解的1.48倍、1.55倍、1.80倍和1.65倍。2)分解1年后凋落物质量剩余率(MR)和氮素剩余率(NR)均与叶片初始N含量极显著负相关, 而与叶片初始C:N值极显著正相关。3)不同树种间叶片N和P释放特征差异明显, 且在林下和水体间的释放模式也存在差异; 高山柳叶片凋落物在林下和水体分解过程中N元素从分解初期便开始释放, 而其他树种叶片凋落物N元素释放前存在明显的富集过程; 各树种叶片凋落物P元素释放模式为释放—富集—释放。研究表明: 叶片凋落物分解是一个受其自身性质和外界环境因素共同作用的复杂过程, 而凋落物在高山湖泊中的快速分解将对保护区现有的水体景观产生潜在影响。     

杉木观光木混交林凋落物分解及养分释放的研究（英文）

 通过福建省中亚热带杉木观光木混交林(Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum mixed forest)和杉木纯林(Pure C. lanceolata forest)凋落物的分解和养分释放动态试验研究表明,凋落物各组分分解过程中干物质损失速率随时间而减小,分解1年时以观光木叶的干重损失最大。各组分分解过程中N、P元素浓度增加而K和C元素浓度下降。混交林中各组分的养分释放速率大小为观光木叶>混合样品（等重量的观光木叶和杉木叶混合）>杉木叶>杉木     

井冈山森林凋落物分解动态及磷、钾释放速率

应用网袋分解法对井冈山地区亚热带常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和高山矮林地上和地下(10 cm)2个分解组的叶凋落物进行了连续2年的分解试验,测定了凋落物的分解速率以及P、K元素的释放动态.结果表明: 3种林分叶凋落物残留率与时间呈负指数衰减关系.各林分凋落物干质量损失前期较快,第1年末两组平均质量损失率分别为50.6%(常绿阔叶林)、41.7%(针阔叶混交林)和40.13%(高山矮林),且地上组显著高于地下组;后期较慢,至第2年末2组平均质量损失率分别达到60.95%(常绿阔叶林)、57.06%(针阔叶混交林)和56.60%(高山矮林),均以常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林、高山矮林为序递减,地上组与地下组的差异不显著.根据Olson指数衰减模型对质量损失率结果进行拟合,发现3种林分样地上凋落物分解95%所需的时间(t_0.95)为6.8～9.9年,其大小排序为常绿阔叶林＜针阔叶混交林＜高山矮林.P在不同林分凋落物分解过程中均存在明显的净固持效应,其强度顺序为高山矮林＞针阔叶混交林＞常绿阔叶林,凋落物初始P含量和C/P可能是导致上述情形的原因.K在各林分的多数时间均表现为净释放.以试验末期的元素释放量计算,P的释放速率在地上组和地下组之间无显著差异,而K则为地上组显著高于地下组.     

井冈山森林凋落物分解动态及磷、钾释放速率

应用网袋分解法对井冈山地区亚热带常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和高山矮林地上和地下(10 cm)2个分解组的叶凋落物进行了连续2年的分解试验,测定了凋落物的分解速率以及P、K元素的释放动态.结果表明: 3种林分叶凋落物残留率与时间呈负指数衰减关系.各林分凋落物干质量损失前期较快,第1年末两组平均质量损失率分别为50.6%(常绿阔叶林)、41.7%(针阔叶混交林)和40.13%(高山矮林),且地上组显著高于地下组;后期较慢,至第2年末2组平均质量损失率分别达到60.95%(常绿阔叶林)、57.06%(针阔叶混交林)和56.60%(高山矮林),均以常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林、高山矮林为序递减,地上组与地下组的差异不显著.根据Olson指数衰减模型对质量损失率结果进行拟合,发现3种林分样地上凋落物分解95%所需的时间(t_0.95)为6.8～9.9年,其大小排序为常绿阔叶林＜针阔叶混交林＜高山矮林.P在不同林分凋落物分解过程中均存在明显的净固持效应,其强度顺序为高山矮林＞针阔叶混交林＞常绿阔叶林,凋落物初始P含量和C/P可能是导致上述情形的原因.K在各林分的多数时间均表现为净释放.以试验末期的元素释放量计算,P的释放速率在地上组和地下组之间无显著差异,而K则为地上组显著高于地下组.     

辽东栎枝条分解过程中几种主要营养元素的变化

 应用分解网袋法,对暖温带落叶阔叶林主要优势树种辽东栎小枝进行连续5年的分解研究,测定了C、N、K、P和Na5种元素在凋落物分解过程中的含量和剩余百分率的变化,发现这两个指标在这几种元素之间有很大的差异。从丢失速率上看(根据Olson的失重率常数k),K元素的丢失速率明显高于其它4种元素;而从这几种元素含量变化的格局上看,K的含量在整个5年的分解过程中是不断降低的,C也有这样的趋势,N的含量有不断上升的趋势,而P和Na则表现为先升高后降低的趋势。     

辽东栎叶片凋落物在不同气候带下的分解及其主要元素释放的比较

应用分解网袋法对辽东栎（Quercus liaotungensis Koize)叶片凋落物分别在暖温带的东灵山,亚热带的神农架,热带的西双版纳为期1-2年的分解和K,Ca,Mg,Fe,P,Cu,Mn等营养元素释放动态进行比较研究。三个气候带下辽东栎叶片凋落物质量损失基本符合Olson的指数模型。但降解速率有很大的差别。气候条件对凋落物的分解和营养元素的释放影响很大,降水量增多,年均温增高,凋落物分解速率相应加快,研究还发现影响营养元素释放的因素除公认的土壤生物（土壤动物和土壤微生物）作用外。对于Fe,Mn等元素遵循的是“化学因素主导”模式。特征在于由于化学螯合作用。其释放过程和凋落物本身失重呈显著负相关。另外,对不同因素占主导的各种分解模式进行了归纳总结。     

北京人工刺槐林化学元素含量特征

 31年生人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林内各种植物的化学元素含量以C素最高,尤以刺槐树干中C含量多。N和Ca在刺槐叶片中含量大。丛生隐子草(Cleistogenes caespitosa)地上部分含K量高于林内其他植物。Fe在荆条(Vitex negundo var．heterophylla)叶片中含量较多。Al和Na在植物细根中含量为大。酸枣(Zizyphus jujuba var．spinosa) 叶中含有较高的Mg和Mn。 刺槐林的乔木、灌木、草本层化学元素积累量以C>Ca>N> K>Mg>P>Fe>Al>Na>Mn>Cu>Zn为序。灌木层化学元素积累量除C和Ca以外,均高于乔木层。对比地表枯枝落叶层化学元素总量与人工林元素的积累量,以Na的比值最高,Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn比值次之,元素归还量都较大。P比值较低,归还量较少。刺槐林土壤化学元素贮存量是以Ca>N>Mg>Fe>K>P>Na>Mn>Al>Zn>Cu为序。植物对土壤中化学元素的富集系数以K、Al和P较高。人工林元素积累量与土壤元素贮存量之比,亦以K、P、Al比值较高。可见土壤中的K、P和Al相对是不足的。     

干热河谷区不同林龄赤桉叶中养分含量和再吸收率的比较及其线性回归分析

以种植于干热河谷区的赤桉(Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.)幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林为研究对象,分析了赤桉鲜叶和凋落叶中养分(包括N、P、K、Ca、Mg和Na)的含量和化学计量比,并计算各养分的再吸收率;在此基础上,对鲜叶和凋落叶中各养分的含量与再吸收率进行线性回归分析.结果表明:成熟林赤桉鲜叶和凋落叶的有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾和全钠含量总体上高于幼龄林,而全钙和全镁含量则低于幼龄林;且鲜叶中的全氮、全磷、全钾、全钠和全镁含量总体上高于凋落叶,而有机碳和全钙含量则低于凋落叶.成熟林赤桉鲜叶和凋落叶的C:N比、鲜叶的N:P比和N:K比以及凋落叶的K:P比和Ca:Mg比均低于幼龄林,但其鲜叶的K:P比和Ca:Mg比及凋落叶的N:P比和N:K比则高于幼龄林;且不同林龄鲜叶的C:N比、K:P比和Ca:Mg比均低于凋落叶.各林龄赤桉叶的Ca再吸收率及幼龄林和中龄林叶的Na再吸收率均为负值,而其余养分的再吸收率均为正值;随林龄增长,N、K和Mg的再吸收率先升高后降低,而P、Ca和Na的再吸收率却先降低后升高;总体上看,赤桉叶中各养分的再吸收率从高到低依次为P、N、K、Mg、Na、Ca.线性回归分析结果表明:赤桉鲜叶的全钾和全钠含量分别与K和Na再吸收率呈极显著正相关(P<001),全钙含量与Ca再吸收率呈显著正相关(P<005);而凋落叶的全氮含量与N再吸收率呈极显著负相关,全镁含量与Mg再吸收率呈显著负相关.综合分析结果显示:林龄对赤桉叶的养分含量和再吸收率有明显影响,其保存养分的能力随林龄增长呈现先增强后减弱的趋势.     

Release of plant nutrients from decomposing leaf litter in a South Swedish beech forest

Weight loss and dynamics of plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Na, Zn and Cu) in leaf litter were studied in a mature beech forest in South Sweden, using the litter bag technique. An initial decomposition period of about 12 to 18 months was characterized by an absolute net increase of N, P, and S contents in litter, followed by a period of net release of these elements. This development, which was most obvious for N and P, was interpreted as a change from a phase where decomposer activity was limited by the availability of nutrient elements to an energy-limited phase. A net release of nitrogen did not occur until after two years of decomposition, and a transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus between different litter layers is here proposed to work as a retention mechanism.
Potassium and sodium were quickly leached from the litter, while release of magnesium, calcium, and initially also manganese, was more associated to organic matter weight loss. Iron, zinc and copper were all strongly accumulated in the litter material. This is explained by mineral soil admixture for the former element and by atmospheric fall-out in combination with the chemical complex formation character for the latter two elements.
Finally, the importance of the different release processes in the total nutrient recycling of the forest is discussed.     

东灵山地区辽东栎叶养分的季节动态与回收效率

为探讨辽东栎叶的养分回收对种群的适应能力和生态系统的养分循环的意义,在东灵山地区分析了辽东栎叶中Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃa、Ｍg、Fe等６种元素的浓度和单位叶面积含量,确定了了辽东栎叶养分的季节动态与回收效率。结果发现：１）６种元素的浓度和单位叶面积含量在叶的生活史中都发生了明显的季节变化,其中Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ等３种元素的浓度在展叶初期下降很快,阴后逐渐下降的,但单位叶面积含量是在７月下旬达到最大值;２）Ｃa浓度和单位叶面积含量整个生长季中一直保持上升趋势,Ｍg的季节变化无一定规律;３）Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｍg都有一定程度的回收,其中Ｎ、Ｐ的回收率分别为６７％和８７％,Ｃa、Ｆe在叶有所积累。为探讨叶养分回收效率在常绿和落叶植物中的差异,对栎属植物养分动态进行了比较分析。结果表明：１）落叶植物成熟叶中的Ｎ浓度稍高于常绿植物,但不显著,Ｎ的回收率与成熟叶中的浓度成显著正相关,;２）栎属植物的成熟叶和落叶中的Ｎ、Ｐ浓度间呈显著正相关。     

Factors regulating litter mass loss and lignin degradation in late decomposition stages

We studied late-stages decomposition of four types of coniferous needle and three types of deciduous leaf litter at two sites, one nutrient-poor boreal and one nutrient-rich temperate. The late stage was identified by that reached by litters at the onset of net loss of lignin mass, i.e. at about 1 year after the incubation when the highest amount of lignin had been detected; the study extended over the following 2 year period. Decomposition rates were significantly lower at the boreal than at the temperate site and did not differ between needle litter and leaf litter. In the boreal forest: (1) mass-loss was positively correlated with N and Mn release, (2) Mn concentration at the start of the late stage was positively correlated with lignin decay, (3) Ca concentration was negatively correlated to litter mass loss and lignin decay. In the temperate forest neither lignin, N, Mn, and Ca concentration at the start of the late stage, nor their dynamics were related to litter decomposition rates and lignin decay. In leaf litter mass-loss and lignin decay were positively correlated with N and Ca release and with Ca concentration. In needle litter mass-loss was positively correlated to Mn release and N concentration negatively with lignin decay. We concluded that Ca, N and Mn have different roles in controlling lignin decay depending on type of litter and site conditions.     

VARIATION IN THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF LEAVES OF QUERCUS ALBA,QUERCUS COCCINEA,AND PINUS RIGIDA IN THE BROOKHAVEN FOREST FROM BUD-BREAK TO ABSCISSION

Leaves of Quercus coccinea, Q. alba, and Pinus rigida were collected at six dates during the growing season and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, and Na. Leaf weights per unit of leaf area (or length) were determined for the same period. Quercus coccinea and Q. alba leaves increased in weight per unit area by about 30 % and 50 %, respectively. First-year pine leaves increased in weight per unit length by about 65 %. During the second year the weight of pine leaves changed little. Two broad patterns in the nutrient content of leaves were apparent when nutrient content was expressed on the basis of leaf area rather than leaf weight. N, P, and K concentrations increased to a peak in mid- or late summer and declined abruptly just prior to abscission. Concentrations of other elements tended to rise slowly throughout the life of the leaves in all three species. The differences among nutrients and among species support the hypothesis that differential partitioning of the nutrient pool occurs as a result of evolutionary adaptation. The changes in weight of leaves per unit area and in nutrient content during the growing season are important for studies of net primary production and in appraisals of the cycling of nutrients. Least distortion of nutrient relationships occurs when area or length of leaf is used as the basis for expression of nutrient content.     

川东红池坝地区红三叶和鸭茅人工草地土壤和植物营养元素含量特征的研究

川东红池坝地区红三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｐｒａｔｅｎｓｅ）和鸭茅（Ｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔａ）人工草地土壤和植物营养元素的含量特征如下：（１）土壤中的元素含量以铁、钾和镁较高,钠、钙、氮、锰和磷较低,硫、锌、硼、铜和钼微少;（２）从元素的富集特征来看,该区土壤中的钙、硫为重度淋溶元素,钾、磷、镁、锌、钠为中度淋溶元素,铁、铜属轻度淋溶元素,锰属富集元素;（３）根据元素的生物吸收系列,红三叶属氮－钙型植物,鸭茅属氮－钾－磷型植物。（４）两种牧草的生物吸收系数,均以钙、硫、磷较高,钠、铁较低,其余７种元素介于二者之间。     

Litter fall and its relationship to nutrient cycling in a South Australian dry sclerophyll forest

In a sclerophyll open forest (Eucalyptus obliqua L'Herit-E. baxteri Benth. association) near Adelaide total mean annual litter fall over a 5-year period was 233 g/m² dry weight, comprising 190 g/m² of leaves, small twigs, fruits and other small plant parts and 43 g/m² of sticks and logs. Samples of sticks and logs were taken at approximately 12-weekly intervals and of other litter at approximately 6-weekly intervals. Maximum rates of leaf fall were in late summer and minimum rates in winter, and a simple harmonic model representing seasonal fluctuations accounted for 61.8% of the variation. The standing crop of litter was 980 g/m², representing 4.2 years’ mean litter fall. Samples of sticks and logs and of other litter from each sampling occasion were bulked and their content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu determined. Seasonal variations were not found in nutrient content of sticks and logs, but for other litter there was a clear harmonic seasonal variation, with rate of litter fall negatively correlated with concentrations of N, P, Zn, Fe and Cu and positively correlated with Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations. Concentrations of K did not correlate with those of other elements. Total annual inputs of nutrients were calculated. Calorific values of the litter showed a mean annual input of approximately 4900 kJ/m²/year. Comparisons were made between litter fall rates and nutrient inputs from litter at the experimental site and previous records from other eucalypt forests.     

西藏色季拉山暗针叶林凋落物层化学性质研究

The storage and chemical properties of the forest litter in dark coniferous forest of Sejila Mountain were studied. The results showed that the existing storage was 5. 863t·hm^-2 and the annual litter fall was 0. 3205 t·hm^-2 It implied that the forest litter decomposed slowly and accumulated quickly, and the turnover of nutrient circles was slow. The contents of N, Ca, Na, and Mn nutrient elements in litter layer were in the order of un-decomposed layer (U layer) > semi-decomposed layer (S layer) > decomposed layer (D layer), those of K, Fe, and Mg were in the order of D layer > S layer > U layer, and P element content was in the order of U layer > D layer> S layer. The pool of elements was 78. 483 kg·hm^-2 N, 3. 843 kg·hm^-2P, 48. 205 kg·hm^-2 K, 23.115 kg·hm^-2 Ca, 13. 157 kg·hm^-2 Na, 30.554 kg·hm^-2 Fe, 2. 113 kg·hm^-2 Mn and 27. 513 kg·hm^-2 Mg. The turnover of forest litter was the total of nutrient release accumulation. K, Fe, and Mg were enriched, and N,Ca, Na, Mn, and P were released with the turnover rate in the order of N > Ca > Na > Mn >P.