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1.
生防细菌产生的拮抗物质及其在生物防治中的作用   总被引:37,自引:6,他引:31  
王光华 《应用生态学报》2004,15(6):1100-1104
利用生防细菌防治植物病害是生物防治的一个主要内容.生防细菌防治植物病害发生发展的一个重要机制是产生拮抗物质.生防细菌的拮抗物质种类多,作用范围广谱.同一种拮抗物质可以由多种细菌菌株产生,而同一细菌也可以产生多种不同结构的拮抗物质.运用现代分子生物学技术和先进的分析测试手段可以加快对产生拮抗物质生防细菌的研究,了解生防细菌在寄主植物根围和叶围的定植效果。明确拮抗物质在生物防治中的作用.拮抗物质的产生除与细菌基因型有关外,一些外在的生物和非生物因素如病原菌存在与否、温度、pH和C、N营养等也影响拮抗物质产生.文中论述了生防细菌应用中存在的问题。指出混合菌剂的研制对防止病原菌抗性产生具有重要作用,应是今后生防菌剂研制中的重点.  相似文献   

2.
沙月霞 《微生物学通报》2017,44(11):2734-2740
芽胞杆菌具有人畜安全、不污染环境、病原菌不易产生抗药性、抗逆性强和促进植物生长等优点,是稻瘟病防治上的重要生防菌。芽胞杆菌的生防机制主要包括竞争作用、拮抗作用和诱导抗病性。芽胞杆菌定殖在水稻植株上,产生抗菌活性物质抑制稻瘟病菌的生长,诱导水稻产生抗病性,对水稻植株具有促生作用,可以挽回水稻产量损失。芽胞杆菌可以制备生防制剂用来防治我国南方稻区和北方稻区的稻瘟病危害,在水稻产业的可持续发展中对稻瘟病的生物防治具有指导意义。本文主要综述芽胞杆菌在防治水稻稻瘟病中的应用研究、芽胞杆菌在防治水稻稻瘟病中的生防机制、影响稻瘟病生防芽胞杆菌防效的因素。  相似文献   

3.
段娇  刘阳  冯广达  杨恩  朱红惠 《微生物学报》2023,63(5):1944-1958
柑橘是我国第一大水果,柑橘溃疡病是导致柑橘产量和品质下降的最具破坏性细菌性病害之一,给柑橘产业造成了巨大的经济损失,严重阻碍了柑橘产业的可持续发展。微生物防治柑橘溃疡病具有安全、环保、高效等优点,是当前研究的热点。本文主要概述了柑橘溃疡病特征及其病原菌分类、分布,全面分析了柑橘溃疡病病原菌主要致病机理和协助致病机理;系统梳理了柑橘溃疡病生防微生物的多样性;重点总结了微生物通过产生活性物质、诱导激活植物免疫防御系统等防治柑橘溃疡病的作用机制;最后,我们提出了柑橘溃疡病微生物防治面临的挑战以及未来可能的解决途径,以期为柑橘产业的健康发展提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
枯萎病是顽固性土传病害,称为瓜菜中的“癌症”,已成为制约我国瓜菜产业可持续健康发展的瓶颈问题。本文简要介绍瓜菜枯萎病危害,并从细胞壁降解酶、毒素、信号传导和致病基因等方面综述瓜菜枯萎病灾变机制,然后从根际微生物组自身与病原菌、土壤层面和植物层面等重点阐述了根际微生物组防治和抵御瓜菜枯萎病的机理,最后对枯萎病发生和抑制关键因子挖掘、核心微生物组构建及根际微生物组分子机制等进行了展望,期望生防微生物防治病害发生进入一个崭新且高效的阶段,为加快提升作物抗逆性机理研究提供一定思路。  相似文献   

5.
【背景】单一生防菌剂存在生防效果不够稳定、持效性差等不足,研究不同功能微生物的协同增效作用,开发复合微生物菌剂是控制植物病害的有效途径之一。【目的】探究不同功能微生物组合后对水稻稻瘟病的生防效应,开发高效生防水稻稻瘟病的复合微生物菌剂。【方法】将多株高效拮抗稻瘟病菌的链霉菌和细菌进行两两组合后与助剂复配,通过盆栽和大田试验,研究了复合微生物菌剂对水稻稻瘟病的生防效应。【结果】链霉菌Ahn75和解淀粉芽孢杆菌CWJ2菌株组合效果最好,与助剂复配后对水稻叶瘟和穗颈瘟的盆栽防效分别达到65.07%和63.00%,显著高于单一菌株Ahn75、CWJ2和其他菌剂组合的生物防效。同时,该复合菌剂能有效促进水稻植株生长,盆栽分蘖数和株高与对照相比分别提高93.33%和9.83%。而且,田间小区试验的结果也表明,该复合微生物菌剂的使用可以有效降低稻瘟病的发病,防效最高可达52.16%,与农药三环唑的防效(52.97%)相当。此外,菌株Ahn75和CWJ2分别对14种和16种稻瘟病病原菌生理小种的抑菌率超过50%,表明(Ahn75+CWJ2)复合菌剂对水稻稻瘟病具有广谱抗性。【结论】复合微生物菌剂(Ahn75+CWJ2)在防治水稻稻瘟病方面具有较高的潜能,可用于生物农药的开发与应用。  相似文献   

6.
一株西瓜枯萎病生防菌的鉴定与田间防效   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【背景】西瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum)引起的土传病害,是西瓜最为严重的病害之一。利用拮抗微生物抑制病原菌繁殖,降低其危害程度,已成为西瓜枯萎病防控领域的研究热点。【目的】筛选对西瓜枯萎病病原菌具有拮抗作用的菌株,并探究其抑菌作用,为有效防控西瓜枯萎病提供生防资源。【方法】从西瓜的根围土中分离细菌,采取平板对峙及温室生测的方法筛选生防菌,通过形态学及gyr B基因序列同源性分析对生防菌株进行鉴定;采用鉴别性培养基测定生防菌的拮抗因子(纤维素酶、蛋白酶、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶);测定生防菌发酵液对西瓜枯萎病菌孢子萌发及菌丝生长的影响;于田间条件下检测该菌株防治西瓜枯萎病的效应。【结果】筛选到了一株对西瓜枯萎病具有防治效果的拮抗菌株SFJ11,经鉴定该菌株为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)。该菌株可以分泌蛋白酶和纤维素酶,其20%的发酵液几乎能完全抑制西瓜枯萎病菌菌丝的生长,对孢子萌发的抑制率为95%,田间防治效果最高可达78%。【结论】菌株SFJ11对西瓜枯萎病具有较强的生防效果,有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

7.
钟涛  王智荣  杜木英 《微生物学报》2021,61(7):1771-1785
随着化学杀菌剂弊端的日益凸显,生物防治已逐渐成为采后果蔬病害控制的研究和开发热点。其中,很多微生物产生的多种挥发性物质(volatile organic compounds,VOCs),能显著抑制多种病原菌的生长繁殖,有效控制采后果蔬病害。由于微生物源VOCs具有有效、安全、环保、易降解和无残留等优点,越来越受到各国研究者的重视和青睐。本文综述了产生VOCs的微生物的多样性、微生物源VOCs的多样性、微生物源VOCs的抑菌活性、生防效果及其主要作用机制等方面的研究进展,以期为病原菌的绿色安全防治提供基础资料。  相似文献   

8.
植物病害防治相关微生物组研究进展与展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
微生物是人类活动过程中重要的生物资源。植物及其根围土壤中生存着大量多种多样的微生物,这些微生物与植物健康之间存在着密不可分的关系。近年来,基因测序技术的快速发展为植物微生物组结构和功能的研究提供了极大的便利,多种植物相关的微生物组得到了解析。同时更多研究者聚焦于植物病害相关的微生物组研究,通过差异分析,发现了一些特定的有益于植物健康的微生物菌群。此外,植物根围或根内微生物塑造的内在原理也得到了进一步的揭示。一系列植物微生物组研究为植物病害防治和新的微生物资源的挖掘提供了更多思路。  相似文献   

9.
生物技术在生防微生物遗传改良中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
生物技术在生防微生物遗传改良中的应用黄大昉(植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室)80年代中期以来,用于植物病虫害防治的生物技术的研究取得了一系列突破性进展,一跃成为农业与生命科学领域重要的发展前沿之一。近年来,杀虫防病遗传工程微生物的研究十分活跃,并先于抗病虫遗传工程植物进入了实用化阶段。这一发展显示出生物技术用于生防微生物遗传改良的巨大潜力。  相似文献   

10.
生防菌对土壤微生态影响的风险评估   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
土壤微生物在地理生物化学循环过程中起着极其重要的作用。在农业生态系统中,土壤微生物通过降解植物残体为植物提供营养,同时维持植物生产所需的土壤性质。生防菌的引入可能会破坏土壤原有微生物的群落结构和功能,从而对整个生态系统造成有害的影响,因此不论生防菌有无经过基因修饰,在商业化应用前必须对其在农业生态环境中的行为和对土壤生态系统的潜在影响进行风险评估。  相似文献   

11.
生防菌诱导植物系统抗性及其生化和细胞学机制   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
生防菌通常可利用竞争、抗生、寄生和交叉保护等直接的拮抗机制抑制植物病害;同时某些生防菌还能促进植物生长,诱导植物对真菌、细菌和病毒引起的病害乃至对线虫和昆虫为害的抗性,称为诱导系统抗性(ISR).ISR具有非特异性、广谱性和系统性,其在表型上与病原菌侵染激发的系统获得抗性(SAR)相似,具有同样的效率;但在寄主植物上不发生过敏性坏死反应(HR),无可见症状,为发展和改善更加安全而环境友好的植物保护策略开辟了新的思路.本文总结了生防真菌和细菌诱导系统抗性及其激发子和信号转导途径等方面的研究进展,重点阐述了寄主防御反应的生化和细胞学机制,并对ISR在植物病害生物防治中的应用前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

12.
Biocontrol research has long been focused on the study of single strains of biocontrol agents (BCAs) and on their interaction with pathogens and host plants. Further focus on plant-associated microbial communities was suggested several years ago, but significant advances only occurred recently. The advent of high-throughput sequencing (or next-generation sequencing – NGS) technologies is now driving a paradigm change that allows researchers to integrate microbial community studies into the traditional biocontrol approach. This integration could answer old scientific questions, and will raise new biocontrol hypotheses. Microbial communities could impact disease control through their interaction with host plants, pathogens, and BCAs. A better understanding of these interactions will provide unexpected opportunities to develop innovative biocontrol methods against plant pathogens. For example, formulation or timing of BCA application can be improved, “helper” microbial strains can be selected, or molecules driving the microbiota to a pathogen-resistant composition (“prebiotic” approach) can be developed. The five main challenges of microbiome implementation in biocontrol research are also described, i.e. (i) the management of technical errors and biases, (ii) the growing importance of bioinformatics, (iii) the adaptation of experimental schemes, (iv) the appropriate interplay between NGS and other technologies, and (v) the need to complete current genome databases.  相似文献   

13.
Y. Zheng  Q.-Y. Xue  L.-L. Xu  Q. Xu  S. Lu  C. Gu  J.-H. Guo   《Biological Control》2011,56(3):209-216
Three hundred and seventy-three fungal isolates were obtained from the endorhiza, rhizosphere, and bulk soil of field-grown cotton plants. One hundred and five of them produced obvious inhibition zones against Verticillium dahliae Kleb., so they were selected as antagonists towards this pathogen. An assessment system was established to evaluate these 105 antagonists for their biocontrol potential and plant growth-promoting potential. Their biocontrol potential was assessed according to their in vitro antagonistic activity against V. dahliae and activities of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes including protease, cellulase, and chitinase. Their plant growth-promoting potential was assessed according to their in vitro activities of solubilizing phosphate and fixing nitrogen. Thirty-three antagonists received at least three points of the total value of assessed biocontrol potential and plant growth-promoting potential and were tested for their biocontrol efficacy and growth-promoting effect on cotton under greenhouse conditions. Twelve of them achieved positive biocontrol efficacy ranging from 8.58% to 69.78%; the conventional correlation coefficient of the biocontrol efficacy of these antagonists with their assessed biocontrol potential was 0.926. By using the screening strategy developed in this study, Fusarium oxysporum strain By125, Nectria haematococca Bx247, and Phomopsis sp. By231 were identified as potential BCAs for controlling Verticillium wilt in cotton, for they achieved biocontrol efficacy of 63.63–69.78% towards this disease and increased biomass by 18.54–62.63% under greenhouse conditions. The present study also demonstrated that the endorhiza of field-grown cotton plants may be a richer source of potential BCAs against Verticillium wilt than the rhizosphere and bulk soil.  相似文献   

14.
Biological control agents (BCAs) composed of attenuated cucumber mosaic (CMV) and its satellite RNA for controlling CMV diseases were found to induce plant resistance to a number of fungal diseases. Tests conducted in both the field and greenhouse showed evident protective effects against fungal infections by the BCAs. Artificial inoculation with a fungal spore suspension using BCA-treated plants, satellite transgenic plants and plants infected with CMV alone indicated that the resistance to fungi was induced by the virus infection, not by the presence of satellite RNA.  相似文献   

15.
A stepwise screening strategy made it possible to identify five new Bacillus spp. strains for biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia minor and Fusarium solani. In vitro and in vivo biocontrol activity and M13-PCR DNA-fingerprinting led to the selection of these valuable biological control agents (BCAs) from a wide collection of over 250 candidates. At the end of this selection, the highest potential antagonists were identified at species level by 16S-rRNA gene sequence analysis, and results assigned them to Bacillus subtilis group as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens- and Bacillus methylotrophicus-related strains. In the current study, spore-forming bacteria provided substantial biocontrol of telluric diseases on cress and other different host plants. The strains named 15S and 09C were effective in disease control on Brassica oleracea/R. solani pathosystem, whereas Sclerotinia drop of lettuce was reduced by treatments with the strains 17S and 08C. Finally, the strains 17S and 12S were equally effective to control potato Fusarium rot. The evident zone of inhibition seen in dual culture plates suggested antibiosis-like antagonisms as the main mechanisms used by these bacterial isolates in interaction with the pathogens. Additionally, the API-ZYM method revealed constitutive activity of certain extracellular enzymes that could be involved in plant fortification. Bacillus strains isolated from compost and compost-amended soils are promising BCAs that have potential for practical application as biofungicides.  相似文献   

16.
The in-field performance of microbial biocontrol agents (BCAs) against fungal pathogens in fruit is subject to considerable variability due to their sensitivity to both adverse environmental conditions and their fluctuations. Therefore, to achieve an adequate development and implementation of biological agent-based products, it is necessary to improve their resistance and ability to control fungal diseases under a wide range of conditions. In this review, an overview of the latest strategies for the enhancement of the action of BCAs is given. The combination of the antagonists with edible polymers able to form coatings is one of the approaches with the greatest potential and it is analysed in depth. This formulation approach of biocontrol products, including adequate microbial protectants, can yield stable products with high microbial viability, ready for field applications, with improved adherence and survival of the BCA once applied in plant. The most recent studies into this field are reviewed and summarised.  相似文献   

17.
Di Francesco  A.  Di Foggia  M.  Corbetta  M.  Baldo  D.  Ratti  C.  Baraldi  E. 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2021,40(3):1233-1244

The most common leguminous plants’ diseases are caused by soil-borne pathogens leading to important economic losses worldwide. Strains L1 and L8, belonging to Aureobasidium pullulans species, were tested in vitro and in vivo as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Rhizoctonia solani (Rs1) (AG-4) and as plant growth promoters (PGPs). The non-volatile metabolites produced by L1 and L8 strains inhibited the pathogen mycelial growth by 87.9% on average, with no significant differences between the two strains. The lower pathogen diametric growth inhibition was displayed by both yeasts’ volatile metabolites (VOCs) that significantly reduced the colony growth of R. solani, and similarly to the control, with an average of 10.5%. By in vivo assay, L1 and L8 strains showed the ability to control the pathogen virulence probably through the biofilm formation around the bean and soybean plant roots, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The spectroscopic analysis highlighted the composition of non-volatile compounds: complex carbohydrates (pullulan), degrading enzymes, siderophores and antifungals (aureobasidins). Moreover, the ability of L1 and L8 strains to stimulate the bean and soybean plant roots, stems, and leaves growth was investigated, showing that these yeasts could have an application not only as BCAs but also as plant growth biostimulator.

  相似文献   

18.
《Comptes rendus biologies》2019,342(5-6):124-135
Rhizoctonia solan Kühn (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk (R. solani) is a soil-borne phytopathogenic species complex as well as a necrotic fungus that causes significant crop yield losses worldwide. Agronomic practices (crop rotation), resistant cultivars, and chemical pesticides are widely used to control R. solani. However, these practices are insufficient to control the pest. Moreover, the application of chemical pesticides is harmful to both the environment and human health. Therefore, the use of biocontrol agents (BCAs) and that of plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are considered to be potentially sustainable, cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly ways to control R. solani. Several microorganisms have been used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) to manage R. solani. Among these, biocontrol agents (BCAs) Bacillus spp. are used to promote plant growth. Furthermore, due to its broad range of antibiotic-producing abilities, Bacillus spp. is widely used against R. solani. In this review, current and previous studies about the ability of Bacillus spp. to control diseases caused by R. solani are reported. It also focuses on the plant-growth promotion attributes of Bacillus spp. in response to the deleterious effects of R. solani.  相似文献   

19.
Biological control agents (BCAs) are potential alternatives for the chemical fungicides presently used in agriculture to fight plant diseases. Coniothyrium minitans is an example of a promising fungal BCA. It is a naturally occurring parasite of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a wide-spread pathogen which substantially reduces the yield of many crops. This review describes, exemplified by C. minitans, the studies that need to be carried out before a fungal BCA is successfully introduced into the market. The main aspects considered are the biology of C. minitans, the development of a product by mass production of spores using solid-state fermentation technology, its biocontrol activity and marketing of the final product.  相似文献   

20.
Several bacterial and fungal strains have been evaluated as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Verticillium dahliae. In these studies, the BCAs were applied as a root drenching inoculum; however, this application method may have an adverse effect on the native, beneficial for the plants, microbial community. In the present study, it was evaluated whether endophytic application by stem injecting a conidial suspension of the non pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum F2 strain, isolated from a V. dahliae suppressive compost amendment, could reduce significantly Verticillium wilt symptom development in eggplants. It was revealed that stem injection of F2 seven days before transplanting the seedlings to soil infested by V. dahliae microsclerotia resulted in reduced disease severity compared to the control treatment. To visualise F2 ramification into the plant vascular system eggplant stems were injected with an EGFP transformed F2 strain. It was shown that F2 colonises effectively the plant vascular tissues over a long period of time as it was assessed by F2 DNA levels. In parallel, qPCR analysis showed that the application of F2 reduced significantly the amount of V. dahliae DNA in the stem tissues compared to the control treatment.  相似文献   

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