共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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人类头发是以角蛋白和角蛋白相关蛋白为主要成分的天然纤维,是一种可表征一定时间内机体状态的良好生物学样本。头发易采集、低成本、易于运输和存储等优点使其在毒品、酒精及兴奋剂等的检测中具有独特优势。蛋白质组学是一种在整体水平上研究蛋白表达和调控的新兴技术,在生命科学领域应用广泛。蛋白质组学技术可用于不同人群头发蛋白组成及动态变化研究,在寻找疾病标志物、区分个人特质等方面具有巨大潜力。本文从头发的结构及组成、心理压力下头发的变化以及头发蛋白质组学分析技术的研究进展进行了全面综述,对理解头发蛋白质组学表征人体特征以及指导相关研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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李林 《生物化学与生物物理进展》2000,27(3):227-231
蛋白质组学是在细胞的整体蛋白质水平上进行研究、从蛋白质整体活动的角度来认识生命活动规律的一门新学科.简要介绍蛋白质组学的科学背景及其最新发展. 相似文献
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所谓蛋白质组学,就是研究基因组中的各个基因,并翻译成各自的蛋白质,以组合构成蛋白质组的科学。蛋白质组学是生命科学中最新发展的一门学科,为了明确该门学科的概念,首先还得从基因、基因组及其表达的含义和之间的关系等内容谈起。大家都知道“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”这个道理,即生命具有遗传性。遗传物质是由4种碱性的化学物质——脱氧核糖核苷酸(DNA)组成。它们的不同组合排列,构成了具有某一种生物学特性 相似文献
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越来越多的微生物基因组序列数据为系统地研究基因的调节和功能创造了有利条件.由于蛋白质是具有生物功能的分子,蛋白质组学在微生物基因组的功能研究中异军突起、蓬勃发展.微生物蛋白质组学的基本原则是,用比较研究来阐明和理解不同微生物之间或不同生长条件下基因的表达水平.显而易见,定量分析技术是比较蛋白质组学中急需发展的核心技术.对蛋白质组学定量分析技术在微生物蛋白质组研究中的进展进行了综述. 相似文献
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蛋白质组学的产生及其重要意义 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
蛋白质组学是在后基因组时代出现的一个新的研究领域,它是对机体或组织或细胞的全部蛋白质的表达和功能模式进行研究。本文简要介绍蛋白质组学产生的科学背景及其重要意义。 相似文献
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新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引发的传染病。此种病毒传染性强、传播速度快,对全球人民的身体健康和生命安全造成严重威胁。蛋白质组学技术以其高通量、高灵敏度的特点,在疾病生物标志物的发现、分子机制研究及治疗靶点研究中扮演着重要角色,并被广泛应用于COVID-19的研究中。本文介绍了SARS-CoV-2的基因组结构及病毒感染过程,总结了目前常用的基于质谱的蛋白质组学研究技术,重点综述了蛋白质组学技术在COVID-19生物标志物的发现、分子机制研究和药物治疗靶标研究中的应用进展,最后展望了蛋白质组学的未来发展方向,以期能够有助于推动蛋白质组学技术在COVID-19精准诊断和治疗中的发展。 相似文献
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对小鼠睾丸中未分化(Undifferentiated)和分化中(Differentiating)的两类精原细胞进行定量蛋白质组研究,探讨两类精原细胞蛋白质组的表达差异,探索与精原细胞分化相关的蛋白质。利用Thy1和c-Kit两个特异抗体结合的磁珠分选技术,分别将生后7 d雄性小鼠睾丸中的Thy1+细胞和c-Kit+细胞分别作为未分化和分化中的精原细胞分选出来,其中Thy1阳性细胞3组,c-Kit阳性细胞4组,分别代表了未分化精原细胞和分化中的精原细胞。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱方法(LC-MS/MS)分析两类细胞蛋白表达差异。并且对两类细胞的差异蛋白进行基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)功能注释、KEGG代谢通路和聚类分析。质谱分析共鉴定了3228种蛋白,其中有256种蛋白在两类细胞中表达差异。其中,差异蛋白的富集分析发现,在生物过程方面,注释结果显示差异蛋白主要在代谢过程(Primary metabolic process),细胞代谢过程(Cellular metabolic process),分子代谢过程(Macromolecule metabolic process)和氮化合物代谢过程(Nitrogen compound metabolic process)中富集;在细胞组分方面,蛋白主要富集在细胞(Cell part)、细胞内组分(Intracellular part)和细胞器(Intracellular organelle)中;在分子功能方面,鉴定到的蛋白主要参与蛋白结合(Protein binding)、核苷结合(Nucleotide binding)、水解酶活性(Hydrolase activity)和核酸结合过程(Nucleic acid binding)。基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路注释结果显示:88个蛋白质在KEGG通路分析数据库中有功能注释,共参与了18条代谢通路,其中,最主要的代谢通路是剪接体(Spliceosome)和泛素介导的蛋白水解作用(Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis)。获得小鼠睾丸中未分化和分化中的两类精原细胞蛋白质组表达谱,揭示精原细胞分化的蛋白质组的组成、筛选出差异蛋白。 相似文献
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Laurent Brechenmacher Tran Hong Nha Nguyen Kim Hixson Marc Libault Joshua Aldrich Ljiljana Pasa‐Tolic Gary Stacey 《Proteomics》2012,12(22):3365-3373
Root hairs (RH) are a terminally differentiated single cell type, mainly involved in water and nutrient uptake from the soil. The soybean RH cell represents an excellent model for the study of single cell systems biology. In this study, we identified 5702 proteins, with at least two peptides, from soybean RH using an accurate mass and time tag approach, establishing a comprehensive proteome reference map of this single cell type. We also showed that trypsin is the most appropriate enzyme for soybean proteomic studies by performing an in silico digestion of the soybean proteome using different proteases. Although the majority of proteins identified in this study are involved in basal metabolism, the function of others are more related to RH formation/function and include proteins involved in nutrient uptake (transporters) or vesicular trafficking (cytoskeleton and ras‐associated binding proteins). Interestingly, some of these proteins appear to be specifically detected in RH and constitute promising candidates for further studies to elucidate unique features of this single‐cell model. 相似文献
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目的 毛干是案件现场常见的生物物证,目前缺少有效的个体识别方法而未能在案件调查和法庭诉讼中发挥作用。毛干蛋白质组中的单氨基酸多态性(SAP)蕴含着个体遗传差异信息,可应用于个体识别。方法 为研究毛干物证SAP个体差异,本文使用离子液体对12份2 cm长的毛干样本(6人,每人2根)经过前处理后,进行LC-MS/MS质谱检测,分析毛干中的蛋白质组成。然后利用自建的东亚人群SAP蛋白质序列数据库,对质谱数据进行搜库分析,依据自建的SAP与SNP对应注释表信息,推导出SAP对应的nsSNP分型,并且与外显子测序nsSNP结果比较,进而验证SAP检测的准确性。最后,利用验证准确的SAP分型进行随机匹配概率的计算。结果 12份样品共计获得321个SAP,每个样本平均为(131±17)个。6人的随机匹配概率数值范围为1.4×10-4~1.0×10-9。结论 本文建立了东亚人群毛干蛋白中SAP检测方法,并验证了个体识别应用的能力,为法庭科学中毛干个体识别提供了有力的工具和新的思路。 相似文献
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Feiyan Gao Wenfeng Li Jinlan Kan Yi Ding Yumei Wang Jia Deng Rui Qing Bochu Wang Shilei Hao 《Advanced Biosystems》2020,4(6)
Keratins derived from human hair possess excellent wound healing qualities. However, their functional contribution to this process is poorly understood. In this study, the regulatory function of human hair keratins in wound healing is investigated using proteomic analysis by dividing keratins into different groups based on their molecular weight distributions: low molecular weight keratins (LMWK, 10–30 kDa), medium molecular weight keratins (MMWK, 30–50 kDa), and high molecular weight keratins (HMWK, >50 kDa). Keratin hydrogels with different molecular weights exhibit various morphologies, rheological properties, degradation rates, and wound healing activities. Using proteomic analysis, LMWK and HMWK hydrogels exhibit a stronger regulatory ability for wound healing at days 1 and 7, respectively. The major functions of LMWK during wound healing are regulation of cells communication and function. In contrast, proteins associated with energy metabolism are significantly expressed after HMWK hydrogel treatment at day 1, and these play an important role in cellular growth and reactive oxygen species scavenging at day 7. These results demonstrate that the wound healing qualities of human hair keratins are influenced by their molecular weight distribution, and the proteomic analysis sheds new light on the regulatory function of human hair keratins during wound healing. 相似文献
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CARLO POLIDORI MAURO GOBBI LILIANA CHATENOUD DAVIDE SANTORO OLGA MONTANI FRANCESCO ANDRIETTI 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2010,99(3):544-558
Opportunism and specialization appear to be widespread in apoid wasps, although the factors affecting the diet preference (and thus explaining the degree of specialization) are still largely unknown. Four hypotheses that stressed the importance of the size, sex, habitat, and taxonomic identity of prey of the beetle‐hunting digger wasp, Cerceris rubida, were formulated and tested. The wasp population hunted for phytophagous beetles belonging to abundant families around the wasp nesting site. In practice, the prey appeared to be hunted only in two cultivated fields, thus habitat accounted for a majority of the observed diet. The size of wasps was furthermore correlated with the size of their prey, and thus this also accounted for the frequencies of hunted prey and the strong individual specialization for both taxa and size. However, in the exploited habitat, some species were significantly over‐hunted than expected and some other significantly avoided by the wasps, causing an unexpected major role of prey taxon on the probability of being hunted, over the other explanatory variables (body size, body shape, sex, availability). This contrasts to that found in other wasp species, which appear to select prey basing essentially on their ecology and size or their relative abundance (opportunism). The results obtained in the present study show that even an apparent ‘generalist’ predator may turn out to be taxonomically specialized. Together with a re‐evaluation of previous studies, our results further suggest that the effect of size constraints and the developmental plan of prey (holometaboulous versus hemimetabolous) may have promoted either taxonomic opportunism or specialization in different lineages of apoid wasps. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 99 , 544–558. 相似文献
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Hairs are useful non-invasive sources of DNA, but the DNA yield can be very small, thus promoting genotyping errors. Using
multiple hairs can counter this problem, but may introduce multiple contributors to a sample if collected remotely. With microsatellite
genotyping, samples representing multiple animals are obvious if three or more alleles are detected at any locus: these samples
can then be removed from any analyses. However, some multiple-individual samples may have only one or two alleles at each
of the loci examined. We investigated the probability of failing to identify mixed pooled samples by simulating pooled samples
(10 000 replicates) from microsatellite data from the northern and southern hairy-nosed wombats (NHNW, Lasiorhinus krefftii; SHNW, L. latifrons), species with low and high genetic diversity respectively. The majority (81.7%) of the 40 000 simulated samples had three
or four alleles, so were readily identified as mixed. In the remaining 1-or-2-allele SHNW samples, forensic science software
(DNAMIX) correctly identified mixed versus single-individual samples for all cases when the probability of locus failure was
low (P
(LF) = 0.1), and 99% of samples when locus failure was high (P
(LF) = 0.5). For NHNW however, the probability of failing to identify a mixed sample was too high for population size estimation
(0.05), even when the probability of locus failure was low. In cases such as this, pooled samples may be adequate for less
demanding tasks, such as estimation of allele proportions. However, for animal populations with at least average levels of
genetic variation, pooling of samples could safely be utilised for most applications.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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1. Few studies have taken a comprehensive approach of measuring the impact of inter‐ and intra‐specific larval competition on adult mosquito traits. In this study, the impact of competition among Aedes aegypti (L.) and A. albopictus (Skuse) was quantified over the entire life of a cohort. 2. Competitive treatments affected hatch‐to‐adult survivorship and the development time to adulthood of females for both species but affected the median wing length of females only for A. albopictus. Competitive treatments had no significant effect on the median adult female longevity nor were there any effects on other individual traits related to blood feeding and reproductive success. 3. Analysis of life table traits revealed no effect of competitive treatment on the net reproductive rate (R0) but there were significant effects on the cohort generation time (Tc) and the cohort rate of increase (r) for both species. 4. Inter‐ and intra‐specific competition among Aedes larvae may produce individual and population‐level effects that are manifest in adults; however, benign conditions may enable resulting adults to compensate for some impacts of competition, particularly those affecting blood‐feeding success, fecundity, and the net reproductive rate, R0. The effect of competition, therefore, affects primarily larva‐to‐adult survivorship and the larval development time, which in turn impacts the cohort generation time, Tc, and ultimately the cohort rate of increase, r. 5. The lack of effects of the larval rearing environment on adult longevity suggests that effects on vectorial capacity owing to longevity may be limited if adults have easy access to sugar and bloodmeals. 相似文献
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杂交子代生长性状的测定以及优良家系的选择是研究林木育种的重要环节。为了选择优良的白桦杂交子代,本研究以3年生21个不同倍性的白桦家系为材料,对其树高、胸径和材积进行变异分析,结果表明:各性状在不同家系间差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01);且各性状家系遗传力均高于0.75,属于高度遗传;家系311-15在树高、胸径和材积方面均表现最优,其树高、胸径和材积分别高于其他家系均值的9.09%、11.25%和40.46%;家系311-9、311-25和211-7、211-2、211-3、211-6、211-1等表现较好,其树高、胸径和材积与家系311-15相比差异未达显著水平。运用隶属函数综合评定法,以20.00%的入选率对参试家系进行选择,311-15、311-9、211-7、211-2等4个家系入选,这4个家系的树高、胸径和材积的遗传增益分别为5.24%、7.18%和19.72%。在进行优良家系选择的同时,以材积平均值+2倍标准差为标准,共筛选出52株优良单株。研究结果为白桦优良家系及优良单株在辽宁省西南部的推广提供参考,也为高世代三倍体制种园的改建提供依据。 相似文献