重庆市翼手类—新记录——伏翼

我们于2005年8月19日晚10时左右,在位于重庆市巴南区花溪镇的重庆清华中学华溪苑小区室内采集到一号翼手类标本,雄性,经鉴定系伏翼（Pipistrellus pipistrellus[Schreber,1774]）,为重庆市新记录。标本现保存于重庆清华中学动物标本室。报道如下。     

贵州省发现侏伏翼

2010年6月在贵州省三都县进行翼手目动物标本采集,于水龙乡采集到1只雄性伏翼,经鉴定为侏伏翼(Pipistrellus tenuis).主要鉴别特征:体型甚小,前臂长30.64mm;颅全长12.04mm.耳较大,顶端钝圆;耳屏不足耳长的1/2.第1上门齿有2个齿尖.第1上前臼齿与犬齿基部充分接触,并稍位于齿列内侧.下...     

重庆市翼手类一新记录——伏翼

我们于2005年8月19日晚10时左右,在位于重庆市巴南区花溪镇的重庆清华中学华溪苑小区室内采集到一号翼手类标本,雄性,经鉴定系伏翼(Pipistrellus pipistrellus[Schreber,1774]),为重庆市新记录。标本现保存于重庆清华中学动物标本室。报道如下。捕捉地重庆清华中学(海拔185~230 m)所在重庆市巴南区,地理位置为106°24′45″~106°59′58″E,29°7′45″~29°46′23″N,地处川东平行岭谷向南侵没与盆地南缘山地的交接地带,年平均日照数为1159 h,年平均降水量1090mm,年平均相对湿度81%,属亚热带湿润性季风气候。1形态特征体重4·5 g,体长44…     

宁夏巨刺螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲,巨刺螨科)

记述巨刺螨属1新种:泾源巨刺螨Macronyssus jingyuanensis sp.nov.标本采自宁夏回族自治区泾源县西峡区伏翼Pipistrellus sp.体,保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所昆虫标本馆。     

广西玉林市翼手类多样性初步调查

从2006年6月至2009年11月对玉林市翼手类物种多样性进行了初步调查.玉林市共有蝙蝠15种,隶属5科7属.其中东洋型种类有13种,占86.7%,季风型(东亚伏翼Pipistrellus abramus)和南中国型(灰伏翼Pipistrellus pulveratus)各1种,分别占蝙蝠种类的6.67%.玉林市蝙蝠可分为3种栖息类型:菊头蝠属Rhinolophus、蹄蝠属Hipposideros和棕果蝠Rousettus leschenaultia为洞穴型蝙蝠;犬蝠Cynopterus sphinx为树栖型蝙蝠;东亚伏翼和灰伏翼为房屋型蝙蝠.蝙蝠在该地区自然生态系统中占有重要地位,食虫蝙蝠捕食蚊、蛾等害虫,是控制害虫的有效天敌之一,食果蝙蝠对荔枝、龙眼、香蕉等水果造成一定危害.目前,由于栖息环境破坏和乱捕滥杀,蝙蝠种类和种群数量均有所下降,应加大保护力度.     

普通伏翼不同组织3种同工酶的比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续凝胶垂直板活性电泳,分析了普通伏翼的心、肝、肾、胸肌、肺、胃、小肠、舌8种组织的酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)3种同工酶。结果表明:普通伏翼8种组织的3种同工酶存在差异,其分布具有明显的组织特异性,与器官或组织所执行的功能有关。     

伏翼肪刺螨和长刺肪刺螨的雄螨和前期若虫

著者(王,1963)已报告过伏翼肪刺螨和长刺肪刺螨的雌螨形态。1963年4—5月间我们又在福建的伏翼(Pipistrellus abramus)和叶鼻幅(Rhinolophus’rouxi sinicus)体上采到大量的肪刺螨。其中有伏翼肪刺螨的雄螨、雌螨和前期若虫;长刺肪刺螨的雄螨、雌螨和前期若虫和一种肪刺螨(种名未详)的少量前期若虫。鉴于伏翼肪刺螨和长刺肪刺螨的雄     

日本伏翼的翼型、回声定位信号及出飞时间特征

对日本伏翼的翼型、回声定位信号及晚间出飞时间进行研究。结果表明,日本伏翼的翼型具有高翼载、低翼展比和中等偏高的翼型特征。日本伏翼发出具有1 - 2 个谐波结构的调频型(FM)回声定位信号叫声,其叫声时程、主频率的平均值分别为3.26 ms 和56. 27 kHz,所有叫声特征参数,个体间变异系数CVb 比个体内变 异系数CVw 大。日本伏翼的晚间出飞时间具有明显月变化,与当地日落时间、气温呈现显著相关。通过与文献比较,发现日本伏翼的回声定位信号特征与录音状态、飞行生境有关;此外,晚间出飞时间存在一定的地理差异。本研究结果将为蝙蝠回声定位信号特征的种属特异性及其生境选择的进一步研究提供有用的信息。     

中华锐缘蜱的生活史研究(蜱总科:软蜱科)

中华锐缘蜱Argas(Carios)sinensis Jeu et zhu是近年来在我国发现的一个软蜱新种。该种的自然宿主是普通伏翼(家蝠)Pipistrellus abramus Temminck,也可侵袭人体。 对体外寄生虫新种生物学的了解,将有助于与疾病及其防治的研究。为此,我们曾于1973—77年在重庆医学院的实验室内,作了中华锐缘蜱的生活史研究,现将结果报导于后。     

蝙蝠科七种蝙蝠的核型

报道了贵州7 种蝙蝠科蝙蝠的核型。伏翼和印度伏翼的染色体数为2n = 26 , 常染色体都由10 对双臂染色体和2 对微小点状染色体组成, N.F = 44 , 性染色体是大小悬殊的端着丝粒染色体; 两者核型的主要区别在于前者的No.3 是中着丝粒染色体, 后者为亚中着丝粒染色体; 大鼠耳辐(四川亚种) 、水鼠耳蝠和西南鼠耳蝠的染色体数都是2n = 44 , 常染色体都由4 对中着丝粒染色体和17 对端着丝粒染色体组成, N.F = 50 , 其中大鼠耳蝠(四川亚种) 和水鼠耳蝠核型非常相似, 西南鼠耳蝠与前二者有一定区别; 山蝠(福建亚种) 是2n = 36 , 常染色体包括7 对中着丝粒染色体、1 对亚中着丝粒染色体和9 对端着丝粒染色体, N.F = 50 ; 南蝠2n = 50 , 常染色体由24 对端着丝粒染色体组成, N.F = 48 , X染色体是最大的中着丝粒染色体。     

Social calls are subject to stabilizing selection in insular bats

Aim Bats communicate by emitting social calls, and these often elicit reactions in conspecifics. Many such vocalizations are species‐specific so that unambiguous signals can be transmitted and interpreted by conspecifics. In species‐rich assemblages, evolutionary pressures might prompt interspecific diversification of call structure so that communication with heterospecifics is avoided. In species‐poor island communities, where no risk of miscommunication occurs, stabilizing selection should prevail and preserve call structure and function. Call structure in island bats might be inherited from colonizers from the mainland and be maintained with little change in the absence of selection from heterospecifics. To test this hypothesis we studied Pipistrellus maderensis, an insular taxon occurring on the Madeira Archipelago, the Canary Islands and the Azores. It is closely related to one of the most widespread European pipistrelles, Pipistrellus kuhlii. Pipistrellus maderensis most probably evolved from a common ancestor shared with P. kuhlii, or from founders of that taxon that colonized the islands. We hypothesized that on Madeira Island, where no risk of ambiguous communication with heterospecifics exists, the structure and function of social calls should have been preserved by stabilizing selection. Echolocation calls, subject to different selection pressures, may instead show more pronounced differences between P. maderensis and P. kuhlii. Location Madeira Island (Portugal, Atlantic Ocean), central and southern Italy. Methods We recorded social and echolocation calls from allopatric populations of the two pipistrelles and explored interspecific differences in time and frequency characteristics. We also conducted playback experiments by broadcasting recordings of social calls from P. kuhlii and P. maderensis (taken respectively in peninsular Italy and on Madeira) and monitoring the bats’ responses. Results Social call structure showed a strong similarity between species, whereas echolocation calls were markedly different and exhibited a mean divergence of over 6 kHz in their frequency of maximum energy. On Madeira, P. maderensis significantly reduced flight activity when we broadcast P. kuhlii signals, as did P. kuhlii in Italy in response to P. maderensis calls. Main conclusions Reliable interpretation of social calls provides benefits to both the signaller and the receiver because signals help to optimize food exploitation at foraging sites. In the absence of closely related species that can emit similar calls, this advantage may have acted as a strong evolutionary pressure, stabilizing social call structure in P. maderensis in insular ecosystems with limited foraging resources.     

Multiplex panels of polymorphic microsatellite loci for two cryptic bat species of the genus Pipistrellus,developed by cross‐species amplification within the family Vespertilionidae

The paper presents multiplex panels of polymorphic microsatellites for two closely related cryptic species Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus. We tested the cross‐species amplification of 34 microsatellite loci, originally developed for five vespertilionid bat species. Ten and nine polymorphic loci in P. pipistrellus (mean number of alleles per locus = 10.5) and P. pygmaeus (8.1), respectively, in three multiplex polymerase chain reactions per species were amplified. All loci can be analysed in a single fragment analysis and can be used as markers to the study of evolution and the ecology of structured populations of socially living bats.     

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Indian pipistrelle Pipistrellus coromandra (Vespertilioninae)

We characterized the complete mitogenome of Pipistrellus coromandra (Indian pipistrelle) for comparative analysis of mitogenomes and for resolving the phylogenetic relationship of four tribes in the subfamily Vespertilioninae. The mitogenome size of P. coromandra was 17,153?bp, with a control region and a typical set of 37 mitochondrial genes. The nucleotide composition of the P. coromandra mitogenome showed an AT bias with a nucleotide composition of 33.5% A, 30.7% T, 13.3% G, and 22.5% C. The mitochondrial protein-coding genes in P. coromandra use the standard start codon (ATN), two stop codons (TAA and AGA), and two incomplete stop codons (TA- and T--). The intertribal relationship of four tribes was highly resolved from the phylogenetic analysis of mitogenome sequences.