野生动物资源的法律保护

野生动物资源兼具经济、生态、文化和社会等价值,保护野生动物资源不仅有利于维持生态平衡,而且是保护人类自身生存和经济社会可持续发展不可缺少的资源.保护野生动物资源已成为全球关注的重要问题.本文梳理了我国目前有关野生动物资源保护的相关法律规定,同时对完善我国野生动物资源保护的法律问题进行了初步探讨,提出了相关建议.     

西藏珍稀野生动物资源与分布的研究

西藏珍稀野生动物有125种,隶属于16目29科86属。其中：哺乳类52种,隶属于5目13科34属;鸟类69种,隶属于8目13科49属;其它种类4种。本文择其重要种类介绍了西藏珍稀野生动物的分布。     

反思野生动物的有效保护

我国是全球12个生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,也是世界上拥有野生动物种类较多的国家之一,有高等陆栖动物有2300余种,其中哺乳动物394种、鸟类1795种、两栖动物265种、爬行动物380种,属于我国特有的野生动物种就有333种。我国野生动物的丰富值得国人骄傲,但野生动物的保护现状更应引起国人关注。     

对《中国1,334种兰科植物就地保护状况评价》一文的评论

我国是世界上生物多样性最为丰富的国家之一,但由于经济发展等原因,我国的生物多样性保护面临巨大的压力,自然保护区网络建设则成为中国生物多样性就地保护最重要的一环,而客观、准确地评估保护区的生物多样性保护成效,将为保护     

传统中医药发展与濒危药用野生动物的保护

中医药是我国传统文化的重要组成部分,对维系中华民族的繁荣昌盛做出了重要贡献。当代中医药发展在走向世界的过程中既面临许多机遇,也面临着来自濒危药用野生物种保护等诸多方面的压力。在此基础上,本文简要介绍了我国药用野生动物资源的现状,初步分析了导致野生动物濒危的原因,提出了可持续利用的我国中医药发展的基本原则,并针对性地提出了促进我国中医药发展与濒危药用野生动物保护协调的几条措施。     

为什么要保护野生动物

生命的网络复杂而神奇,科学家无法尽窥其妙,但它却是维系人类生存的要件。枉顾人类的前途,肆意破坏这生命的网络,无疑是自取灭亡的集体疯狂行径。     

统筹植物就地保护与迁地保护的解决方案: 植物并地保护(parallel situ conservation)

本文系统地梳理了植物就地保护和迁地保护存在的问题, 尤其是因气候变化等原因导致就地保护存在的不确定性、迁地保护居群遗传多样性丧失、遗传漂变导致的一系列遗传风险等, 进而提出了植物并地保护(parallel situ conservation)的概念及方法。并地保护是依据植物居群间的基因流动态规律进行保护物种的迁地保育设计, 其核心是受保护物种通过居群间花粉传播的基因流连接自然居群与迁地保护居群。并地保护就是在自然保护区等就地保护区域内或周边花粉可传播范围内, 建立植物迁地保育圃, 使迁地保护居群与自然居群之间维持基因交流, 即: 将迁地保护小居群融入自然大居群的基因池并有效维持物种的适应性进化潜能。深入的“一种一策”的花粉流检测和保育圃设计是该方法成功的关键。并地保护与其他植物保护途径相互补充, 对实现生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

四川冕宁县野生动物资源保护现状与对策

分析了冕宁县以大熊猫为主的野生珍稀动物及栖地保护现状,论述了这一地区野生动物的区系及特殊性和重要性,提出了不同区域野生动物保护的分区方案,以及保护利用野生动物的对策。     

野生动物的应激状态研究及其在物种保护上的应用

人类社会的技术进步及经济活动产生了多种干扰野生动物生存的因子,这些因子是导致许多野生动物处于行为和生理应激状态的应激原,并可能弱化野生动物的存活、繁殖及免疫力。野生动物应激状态的测度主要是行为和生理指标,纵观现有的研究成果,目前研究的热点主要集中于几个重要的应激原,主要涉及人工饲养条件的野生动物及少数自由生活的物种,且仍处于积累阶段,尤其是有待加强濒危物种应激状态与保护实践的研究。鉴于此,本文按因子属性将应激原分为物理、化学、生物及人工操作等四类,系统归纳现有研究成果。在此基础上,从濒危物种保护生物学角度,注重基础研究与保护实践的有机结合,提出未来研究的重点,以期有益于野生动物的保护实践。     

Rural change and nature conservation in Africa: A case study from Swaziland

High population growth and deteriorating economic conditions imperil Africa's natural environment. Conservationists are trying to cope with the threat by working in rural communities. Yet it is unclear whether they can be effective when social and economic change in rural areas is so rapid. Northeast Swaziland provides a case study. The landscape has been transformed since the 1950s, and conservationists are the only people now giving nature conservation a high priority. Land uses incompatible with local nature reserves are supported because they provide jobs. Thus, conservationists find themselves facing a world where wildlife is increasingly devalued as the forces of change accelerate. This paper concludes: (1) conservationists must expand their influence into rural communities, (2) an integrated development and conservation plan is required for northeastern Swaziland, and (3) only the alleviation of poverty will secure the future of nature conservation in Swaziland as well as the rest of Africa.     

Primate Conservation in Vietnam: Toward a Holistic Environmental Narrative

Vietnam is home to a considerable diversity of primates: Indeed, five of the world's top 25 most endangered primate species are found within Vietnam. To understand and ultimately address Vietnam's conservation crisis, the complex interplay of history, demography, economics, international relations, and culture must be analyzed within Vietnam's specific context. Conducting a holistic analysis with the example of hunting represents how seemingly disparate factors such as the U.S. war, increased tourism and globalization, population density, and cultural traditions converge to significantly impact wildlife.     

Do Birdwatchers Care about Bird Disturbance?

ABSTRACT

Little is known about how non-consumptive recreationists perceive their impacts on animals and how this relates to recreationist behavior. We surveyed attitudes and behaviors relating to bird disturbance of 179 birdwatchers who visited a world-renowned, restricted-access birdwatching destination (the Western Treatment Plant [WTP], Victoria, Australia). We distributed a 10-page, 49-question survey to birdwatchers at the WTP and posted it to a mailing list of those who held birdwatching access permits. The questionnaire explored socio-demographic profiles of respondents, and their bird- watching behaviors and attitudes to bird disturbance. Birdwatchers regarded vehicles as particularly disturbing and some bird groups, and breeding birds, as especially sensitive to disturbance. They generally disagreed with the contention that birdwatchers and plant workers disturb birds. All respondents reported using strategies to mitigate bird disturbance (e.g., keeping quiet and distant). Those who adopted more strategies to mitigate disturbance agreed more with the contention that birdwatchers and workers cause disturbance, and that breeding birds are especially sensitive to disturbance. Our results suggest that birdwatchers who perceive that their activity disturbs birds are more likely to modify their behaviors to minimize the disturbance. As such, wildlife managers and educators must clearly communicate possible impacts of birdwatching to birdwatchers to maximize the uptake of ethical birdwatching practices.     

四川藏族地区藏传佛教与野生动物保护的关系初探

笔者于1999年7～8月在四川省甘孜藏族自治州的石渠、白玉2个藏族聚居县进行藏传佛教与野生动物保护关系的调查。结果发现虽然当地藏民都信教,寺庙也都反对捕杀野生动物,但还有50％的被调查乡有打猎现象,对于狼（Canis lupus）和鼠兔（Ochotona spp.）,分别有96％和98％的被访者认为应该消灭;对猛禽和有蹄类有好感的被访者分别有57％和45％。所有藏民都知道野生动物受国家法律和佛教的保护,当地寺庙给予藏民的约束力对野生动物保护有很大影响。政府应与寺庙合作进行野生动物保护及宣传工作。     

Crocodile farming and conservation,the example of Zimbabwe

Crocodile farming is an important and lucrative activity in Zimbabwe which provides meat for human consumption and skins for the luxury leather industry. Because it gives an economic value to this otherwise unfriendly animal, farming crocodiles has a positive side effect on the conservation of this species in the wild. This paper gives an overview of the crocodile industry in Zimbabwe.