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1.
沣河沿岸土壤和优势植物重金属富集特征和潜在生态风险   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨阳  周正朝  王欢欢  张越  曹睿  王若丹 《生态学报》2013,33(21):6834-6843
测定陕西省沣河沿岸32个土壤样品和16个优势植物样品中Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn和Ni 6种重金属元素的含量,并结合数据统计与GIS制图,对土壤和植物中重金属的空间分布、富集特征及潜在风险进行分析。结果表明沣河中下游沿岸土壤和植物中Cr、Mn、Pb、Zn和Ni含量空间分布呈明显富集。土壤中Cr、Mn和Pb的几何均值分别为92.1、611.1和32.9 mg/kg,均高于陕西省土壤元素背景值;植物中Mn、Zn含量在正常范围内,Cr、Cu、Ni含量部分超标,Pb含量整体较高,地上部分对Pb的积累量达到15.5 mg/kg,约为正常情况下的7.8倍。本研究中马齿苋、艾蒿、芦苇和水蓼四种植物生物量大,对这六种重金属富集能力均较强,可作为该地区耐重金属植物。沣河沿岸土壤和植物中重金属污染值得关注。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨油茶(Camellia oleifera)产地土壤和油茶果实中金属元素分布和富集特征,在油茶果实成熟期,对浙江5个油茶产地土壤及油茶果实中金属元素进行污染分析和富集能力评价。结果表明,浙江油茶产地土壤中Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni、Cu和Zn含量低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,综合污染等级为安全。个别产区常山县土壤中As、Ni、Cu和江山县土壤中Pb、Cr、Fe含量显著高于其他产地;常山和建德土壤中Cd单因子污染指数分别为0.93和0.81,处于污染警戒线。Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn主要分布在油茶籽中,Hg主要分布在壳中,Pb、Cd、As、Fe和Mn主要分布在青皮中。油茶籽中Cu、Fe、Mn的富集系数大于0.4,吸收能力强,Ni、Zn的富集系数小于0.4,具有一定吸收能力,Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg的富集系数小于0.1,吸收能力低;壳中Cu、Mn的富集系数大于0.4,吸收能力强,Fe的富集系数小于0.4,具有一定吸收能力,Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni、Zn的富集系数小于0.1,吸收能力低;青皮中Cu、Fe、Mn的富集系数大于0.4,吸收能力强,Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni、Zn的富集系数小于0.1,吸收能力低。浙江油茶主产区土壤质量安全,适合油茶种植。油茶果实对Cu、Fe、Mn有一定富集能力,对Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg无富集能力。  相似文献   

3.
贵州牛角塘铅锌矿区优势植物的重金属富集特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
顿梦杰  张云霞  宋波  盛昕  周浪  宾娟 《广西植物》2022,42(3):479-490
为筛选适合贵州喀斯特地区重金属污染土壤修复治理以及矿区生态复垦的植物材料,该研究在贵州牛角塘铅锌矿区采集30种优势植物及其根系土壤,测定其地上部、地下部和根系土壤的Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn含量,计算植物对重金属的富集和转运系数,并通过聚类分析综合评估植物的应用潜力。结果表明:(1)千里光、鬼针草地上部Cd含量高达40.33、43.26 mg·kg-1,富集系数(地上部分)分别为0.20和0.37,转运系数分别为1.35和1.16,有较强富集Cd的能力,对Cd污染土壤有一定的修复潜力。(2)头花蓼地上部Cd、Zn含量分别为77.49、3 557.96 mg·kg-1,均为本次调查30种植物中的最大值,是一种修复Cd、Zn复合污染土壤的潜在植物材料。(3)醉鱼草地上部Ni含量为0.62 mg·kg-1,富集系数(地上部分)和转运系数高达6.16和1.37,醉鱼草是否是Ni的一种富集植物,还需进一步研究加以验证。(4)紫茉莉、节节草根部Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量远大于地上部,属于根部囤积型植物;河北木蓝地上部、地下部Cd、...  相似文献   

4.
珍稀濒危植物矮牡丹体内矿质元素的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了矮牡丹体内的10种矿质元素,即K,Mg,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn,Cu,Cd,Cr,Pb。分析了矿质元素在矮牡丹体内的分布规律及矮牡丹对各种元素的富集能力。结果表明:在不同器官中的矿质元素含量有显著差异,K,Mg,Mn,Ni,Cd,Cr,Pb以叶中为高,Fe,Zn,Cu分别以根,茎,叶柄中含量最高;大多数元素在中柄中含量最低,矮牡丹对K,Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn有较强的吸收富集能力,一般叶的富集系数较其它器官为高,元素间相关分析表明:Zn,Cd,Cr,Pb,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu之间有显著的相关性,K,Mg之间的相关性显著,此外,土壤与植物体内元素含量表现出显著的相关性。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨铅锌矿废弃地优势植物在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的应用潜力,利用野外采样分析法,从粤东梅县丙村铅锌尾矿区采集其三种优势植物类芦、黄荆、盐肤木的根、茎、叶和土壤样品,测定和分析Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四种重金属含量.结果表明:该矿区土壤污染严重,Pb、Zn、Cd含量远超土壤环境质量的三级标准,Cu超出二级标准;根际土壤和非根际土壤重金属含量均为Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd,但根际土壤的重金属含量显著低于非根际土壤;这三种植物对Pb、Zn、Cu的转移系数大于1.0,对Cu的富集系数最高,Pb最小,但对四种重金属的富集系数均小于1.0,均未达到超富集植物临界含量标准.三种植物为该矿区的优势植物,说明它们对土壤的重金属污染有很强的耐性,虽然并非典型的超富集植物,但对污染土壤仍有较好的修复效果.  相似文献   

6.
某冶炼厂周围8种植物对重金属的吸收与富集作用   总被引:37,自引:3,他引:34  
采用野外采样系统分析法,研究了沈阳冶炼厂的8种植物对重金属(Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd)的吸收与富集作用以及可能的耐性机制.结果表明,植物对重金属的吸收和富集,因植物种类、部位及重金属种类而不同.茼麻(Abutilon theophrasti)对Pb的吸收和富集能力较强,小白酒花(Conyza canadensis)、三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida)、酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、茼麻、龙葵(Solanum nigrum)、绿珠藜(Chenopodium acuminatum)和菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)对Zn的吸收和富集效果较好,绿珠藜和茼麻对Cu的吸收和富集能力较强,龙葵、绿珠藜、茼麻、酸模叶蓼和小白酒花对Cd的吸收和富集能力较强.这些植物向地上部转移某些重金属的能力很强,转移系数大于1,可用于植物提取方式的污染土壤修复.其他转移系数小于1的植物,适合于重金属污染土壤的植物稳定.  相似文献   

7.
四川甘洛铅锌矿区优势植物的重金属含量   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
刘月莉  伍钧  唐亚  杨刚  祝亮 《生态学报》2009,29(4):2020-2026
通过野外调查采样,分析了四川凉山州甘洛县铅锌矿区土壤的重金属含量,以及矿区生长的13种优势植物对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Cu的吸收与富集能力及其富集特性.结果表明,矿区土壤受Pb、Zn、Cd 3种重金属污染严重,13种植物体内的Pb含量均高于普通植物10倍以上,具有修复矿区土壤铅污染的潜力,其中植物1的转运系数和富集系数都大于1,满足Pb超富集植物的基本特征.Zn在凤尾蕨、细风轮菜、大火草、蔗茅、小飞蓬和牛茄子中含量较高.小飞蓬和紫茎泽兰的Cd含量较一般植物高出17~61倍,其中,紫茎泽兰的转运系数与富集系数均大于1,其对Cd的吸收特性值得进一步研究.  相似文献   

8.
加拿大一枝黄花对土壤营养元素吸收与转运特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
选择临海沿江镇加拿大一枝黄花重度入侵区域,分别收集植物与土壤样品,研究加拿大一枝黄花对土壤中7种营养元素的吸收、转运特征。研究结果表明:7种营养元素在植物组织中的平均含量排序为:Zn〉K〉Ca〉N〉Mg〉P〉Mn。而且不同器官对同一种元素的积累存在显著差异,总体规律表现为叶和花蕾积累元素最多,其次是枝条和根状茎,根和茎则积累最少。地上器官对各元素的转移能力表现出明显差异,但各器官均对氮素有较强的转运能力,转运因子均明显高于1。地下器官(根和根状茎)对氮素有较高的富集能力,富集因子同样明显高于1。7种元素在加拿大一枝黄花不同器官的吸收转运存在着一定的促进或者拮抗作用。在花蕾、枝条和根中,磷吸收分别与Mg、Mn和Zn吸收呈现显著负相关;在花蕾中,氮的吸收和Mn的吸收呈现显著正相关;在不同器官里,K、Ca、Mg、Zn和Mn吸收之间多呈现正相关。  相似文献   

9.
铅锌矿区土壤和植物重金属污染调查分析   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
对有色金属矿区土壤和植物重金属污染状况调查结果表明,由于遭受尾矿砂及矿毒水污染,矿区土壤极端贫瘠,土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu含量分别达764.74、4.10、372.75和95.57 mg.kg-1,重金属污染较为严重。在矿区周边有9种优势植物能够在污染土壤上定居,对Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn 4种重金属元素均有不同程度的积累,积累量均未达到超累积植物所规定的临界含量。其中的野菊花〔Dendranthema indicum(L.)Des Mou l.〕、旋鳞莎草〔Cyperusm ichelianus(L.)L ink〕、五节芒〔M iscanthus floridulus(Lab ill.)W arb.ex Schum.et Laut.〕3种植物地上部生物量较大且对某些重金属向地上部转运能力较强,对重金属污染土壤有一定的修复潜力。  相似文献   

10.
为了了解不同土壤重金属浓度梯度及污染梯度下香樟不同器官的富集特征,测定了香樟树叶、树枝、树干和根际土壤中6种重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni)的含量.结果表明: 香樟地上部分重金属含量因器官、元素种类、根际土壤重金属浓度的不同而存在差异.香樟树叶和树枝重金属含量的大小顺序均为:Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni,树干重金属含量为:Mn>Zn>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu.树叶对Mn的富集系数较高,为2.409;树干对Ni的富集系数较高,分别为树叶、树枝的8.6和17倍,且在不同土壤重金属浓度梯度下,香樟树干对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的富集系数均明显高于其他器官.香樟地上部分器官对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni 6种重金属元素的综合富集能力大小顺序为:树叶>树干>树枝.随着土壤重金属污染等级的增加,香樟地上部分各器官的富集系数均逐渐降低.研究区域平均胸径为22 cm的单株香樟对重金属元素富集效能的大小顺序为:树叶>树干>树枝,其中树干对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的积累量均显著高于树叶和树枝.表明香樟对6种重金属元素均有一定的富集能力,并且树干对Pb和Ni的富集效能明显,分别占地上部分总积累量的82.7%和91.9%,能很好地富集并稳固土壤中的Pb和Ni,可作为修复治理土壤重金属污染的备选树种.  相似文献   

11.
为了筛选出一些有用可靠的分子标记,应用于禾本科能源植物的遗传化研究及种质资源评价,检测了48对源于小麦(Triticum aestivum)EST序列的SSR引物对7种有潜力的禾本科能源植物:斑茅(Saccharumarundinaceum)、中国芒( Miscanthus sinensis)、五节芒( M.floridulus)、河八王(Narenga porphyrocoma、南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)、营(Themeda villosa和香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)的可转移性.结果表明,在48对小麦EST-SSR引物中,36对具可转移性,可转移率为75.0%.这些可转移引物在7个物种中共检测出240个位点,其中多态性位点为184个,多态位点百分率高达76.7%.每个位点的PIC变幅为0~0.370,平均为0.220.利用EST-SSR数据构建了所研究的7种禾本科植物的系统发育树,其中斑茅、河八王、南荻及营被聚为A组,中国芒和五节芒聚为B组,香根草单独聚为C组,基本与形态学分类一致.因此,小麦EST-SSR分子标记在禾本科近源物种中的可转移性较高,对禾本科能源植物的遗传育种研究具有重要的参考价值.  相似文献   

12.
Four gramineous energy plants, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, M. floridulus, Phragmites australis, and Arundo donax were grown on copper tailings in the field for four years. Their phytoremediation potential was examined in terms of their effects on the fractions of heavy metals and soil enzyme activities. Results showed that plantation of these four gramineous plants has improved the proportion of organic material (OM)-binding fraction of heavy metals in copper tailings as a whole, and reduced the proportion of exchangeable and residual fractions. In particular, M. sacchariflorus growth improved significantly the proportion of the OM-binding fractions of Cu (1.73 times), Cd (1.71 times), Zn (1.18 times), and Pb (3.14 times) (P < 0.05) and reduced markedly the residual fractions of Cu (64.45%), Cd (82.38%), Zn (61.43%), and Pb (73.41%) (P < 0.05). Except for A. donax, the growth of other three energy plants improved the activity of phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase in copper tailings to some extent. In particular, the activity of soil phosphatase and urease in planted tailings differed significantly from that of control (P < 0.05). The effect of M. sacchariflorus growth on soil enzyme was the highest, followed by P. australis, M. floridulus, and A. donax. The content of each heavy metal fraction in soil was correlated with soil enzyme activities, especially the content of OM-binding fraction, which correlated significantly with the activities of phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase in soil. According to the effects of four gramineous plants growth on activity of soil enzymes and fractions of heavy metals, M. sacchariflorus had the optimal effects for phytoremediation. Therefore, M. sacchariflorus was a candidate plant with great potential for the revegetation of heavy metal tailings.  相似文献   

13.
A comparative bioaccumulation pattern and ultra structural changes were studied in Phragmites cummunis, Typha angustifolia and Cyperus esculentus in mixed metals solution of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). P. cummunis was observed to be a shoot accumulator for Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. However, T. angustifolia was found to be a root accumulator for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb. In addition, C. esculentus also accumulated most of the tested heavy metals in the roots, while Mn and Fe were translocated up to leaves. Further, the long term metal treatment showed maximum accumulation of all heavy metals in P. cummunis followed by T. angustifolia and C. esculentus. Among heavy metals, Fe was accumulated maximum, i.e., >1000 microg g(-1) by all three plants. Simultaneously, the adverse effects on biochemical parameters were noted earlier in C. esculentus than T. angustifolia and P. cummunis. Ultra structural observation showed the cellular changes in wetland plants after longer exposure. Results revealed that P. cummunis and T. angustifolia had more potential for tested metals than C. esculentus. This study established that these wetland plants could be used for heavy metals phytoremediation from metal containing industrial wastewater.  相似文献   

14.
北亚热带3种森林群落对大气湿沉降重金属的调控   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
森林群落截留消纳沉降重金属的能力影响着森林集水区溪水输出重金属的情况,决定着小流域的水质安全。为评价北亚热带地区典型森林生态系统对大气降水中主要重金属离子的截留能力和分配特征,以浙江庙山坞林场3种典型森林群落(毛竹林、杉木林、青冈阔叶林)和森林集水区-小溪为研究对象,于2018年7月—2019年6月监测了12次降水事件,分析、比较和讨论了大气降水、林内穿透雨、树干茎流、枯透水、地表径流和集水区溪水中7种重金属(铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、砷(As)、镍(Ni)和锰(Mn))的质量浓度和通量的动态变化。结果表明,大气降水中7种重金属,Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Zn、Mn和Ni的年均浓度分别为0.974、0.124、0.512、3.42、36.7、8.48和1.94μg/L,3种森林群落林冠层截留的干沉降重金属中Zn和Mn的比例最高,林冠层降水对重金属Mn和Zn的淋溶量极高,超过大气降水沉降量的2.78倍和54.2倍,同时截留了降水中的As和Ni;枯落物层对Mn、Cd和Zn表现出截留作用,对Cu和Ni有淋溶或释放的作用;3种森林群落的地表径流中Pb、Mn、Cd和Zn浓度明显降低,As和Ni的浓度略高于枯透水,但由于地表径流量非常小,土壤表层对降水中重金属均表现出极强的截留作用。3种森林群落对大气降水中的重金属均表现出极高的截留率,森林群落之间没有显著差异,其中青冈阔叶林的截留能力最强,杉木林较弱。而地表径流及土壤渗透水等汇集到森林集水区后,溪水中重金属Mn、Ni、Cd和Zn的浓度和通量均有大幅的增加,仅对重金属As和Cu呈现截留的作用,这可能与森林土壤重金属本底值偏高以及森林长期接收的重金属沉降在降水淋溶下从酸性土壤中大量溶出有关。  相似文献   

15.
无公害水稻生产的病虫草调控技术及其效应的研究   总被引:31,自引:2,他引:29  
利用无公害农药和农业措施防治水稻主要病虫草试验结果表明,井·腊芽、井冈霉素和多抗霉素在水稻分蘖末期和孕穗末期各喷施1次,对纹枯病防效达75.16%~94.27%,优于化学杀菌剂三唑酮;春雷霉素和灭瘟素在叶瘟病发生初期及破肚期、齐穗期各喷施1次,对叶瘟防效为50.54%~72.67%,穗瘟为76.66%~87.42%,与化学杀菌剂三环唑相当.3种无公害农药在二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟1~2龄幼虫期使用,苏云金杆菌防效优于化学杀虫剂杀虫双,皂素·烟碱和苦参碱与杀虫双相当;皂素·烟碱和苦参碱在稻飞虱1~2龄若虫期使用,药后3~30d防效均在70%以上,低于化学杀虫剂吡虫啉.在水稻移栽前耕地2次,再配合施用适量的未腐熟有机质或人工除草,能控制杂草发生和提高产量.采用无公害农药和农业措施防治水稻病虫草,产量较常规化防区略有增加,稻谷中农药残留量较化防区低,符合绿色食品卫生指标要求.  相似文献   

16.
The translocation of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in white lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Amiga) was compared considering root-to-shoot transport, and redistribution in the root system and in the shoot, as well as the content at different stages of cluster roots and in other roots. To investigate the redistribution of these heavy metals, lupin plants were labelled via the root for 24 h with radionuclides and subsequently grown hydroponically for several weeks. 54Mn, 63Ni and 65Zn were transported via the xylem to the shoot. 63Ni and 65Zn were redistributed afterwards via the phloem from older to younger leaves, while 54Mn remained in the oldest leaves. A strong retention in the root was observed for 57Co and 109Cd. Cluster roots contained higher concentrations of all heavy metals than noncluster roots. Concentrations were generally higher at the beginning of cluster root development (juvenile and immature stages). Mature cluster roots also contained high levels of 54Mn and 57Co, but only reduced concentrations of 63Ni, 65Zn and 109Cd.  相似文献   

17.
Dixit AR  Dhankher OP 《PloS one》2011,6(6):e20921
We describe here the functional characterization of a novel AtSAP10, a member of the Stress Associated Protein (SAP) gene family, from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia. AtSAP10 contains an A20 and AN1 zinc-finger domain at the N- and C-terminal, respectively. Arabidopsis SAP10 showed differential regulation by various abiotic stresses such as heavy metals and metalloids (Ni, Cd, Mn, Zn, and As), high and low temperatures, cold, and ABA. Overexpression of AtSAP10 in Arabidopsis conferred strong tolerance to heavy metals such as Ni, Mn, and Zn and to high temperature stress. AtSAP10 transgenic plants under these stress conditions grew green and healthy, attained several-fold more biomass, and had longer roots as compared to wild type plants. Further, while these transgenic plants accumulated significantly greater amounts of Ni and Mn in both shoots and root tissues, there was no significant difference in the accumulation of Zn. AtSAP10 promoter-GUS fusion studies revealed a root and floral organ-specific expression of AtSAP10. Overexpression of AtSAP10-GFP fusion protein showed the localization in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Taken together, these results showed that AtSAP10 is a potentially useful candidate gene for engineering tolerance to heavy metals and to abiotic stress in cultivated plants.  相似文献   

18.
湖南柿竹园矿区土壤重金属含量及植物吸收特征   总被引:54,自引:1,他引:53  
矿区重金属污染十分严重,寻找和发现适合当地气候与土壤条件的重金属耐性植物是矿区植被恢复和污染土壤修复的前提。对我国湖南柿竹园有色金属矿区调查发现,该地区选矿厂的重金属污染问题普遍比尾砂库严重。选矿厂土壤砷、镉、铅、锌严重超标,尾砂库周围也受到不同程度的重金属污染。土壤重金属胁迫效应影响着植物物种分布,选矿厂物种分布较少,相比之下尾砂库的植物多样性较为丰富。柿竹园矿区植物对重金属的吸收表现为富集型(如蜈蚣草Pteris Vittata L .和苎麻Boehmerianivea (L .) Gaud.)、根部囤积型(如攀倒甑Patrinia villosa和木贼Equisetum hyemale)和规避型(如蔓出卷柏Selaginelladavidii Franch和芒草Miscanthus sinensis Andlerss)等3种类型。  相似文献   

19.
This study investigated the concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface soil and corn cob samples collected from agricultural fields near a coal mine from Huaibei, China. Meanwhile, the mobility and availability of heavy metals in soil samples were evaluated by a modified three-step The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The total concentrations of metals in soil pose no ecological threats to the local plants. Transfer factors of essential metals, Cu and Zn, as well as those of non-essential metal Pb, were higher than those of the remained metals. The results of BCR fractionation analysis revealed that the acid soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions of the Mn, Pb and Zn were higher than those of the residual fraction, suggesting that these elements may be more bioavailable. The pH and organic matter contents of soil were significant parameters affecting speciation of metals in soil samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated significant correlations between metal levels in corn grains and more available (acid soluble and reducible) fractions in soil, indicating that heavy metals in the first two fractions were more available for corn crops. The elevated mobility and bioavailability of Pb in soil are of great concern in the study area.  相似文献   

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