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1.
微波照射对大鼠在体海马诱发电位长时程增强的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
海马诱发电位长时程增强现象(Long- term potentiatio,LTP),常被用来研究与突触可塑性密切相关的学习与记忆过程的分子机制。为了研究微波照射对海马突触可塑性的影响,采用海马齿状回诱发电位的群峰电位幅度(the amplitude of population spikes ,PS amplitude)和群体兴奋性突触后电位的始终上升斜率(the initial slope of the population excitatory postsynaptic potentials,pEPSP slope)两个观察指标。观察10mW/cm^2,15mW/cm^2和25mW/cm^2三个强度,2450MHz微波照射对乌拦坦麻醉在大鼠在体海马齿状回诱发电位和LTP的影响。结果表明,每天1小时,连续7天的慢性连续型2450MHz微波照射阻碍麻醉大鼠在体海马齿状回LTP的产生,并使LTP的幅度减小。提示 微波照射造成学习记忆的损害,可能是通过阻碍海马LTP的产生来实现的。  相似文献   

2.
目的观察突触素Ⅰ在慢性复合应激性空间学习与记忆增强大鼠海马各亚区表达的变化及其意义.方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成应激组和对照组.采用垂直旋转、剥夺睡眠、噪音刺激和夜间光照4种应激原无规律交替应激动物6周,每天6 h,制作慢性复合应激动物模型.采用Morris水迷宫和Y-迷宫测试大鼠空间学习与记忆成绩,并用免疫组织化学技术显示突触素Ⅰ在慢性复合应激性空间学习与记忆增强大鼠海马中的表达变化.结果结果显示,应激组动物慢性复合应激后在Morris水迷宫内寻找隐蔽平台所需时间(潜伏期)比对照组的明显地短(P<0.05),在Y-迷宫内寻找安全区的正确率比对照组的明显地高(P<0.05);应激组动物慢性复合应激后,其海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)和CA3区突触素I的免疫反应性明显地强于对照组(P<0.05), 两组CA1区突触素I的免疫反应性无明显差别(P>0.05).结论这些结果提示,慢性复合应激可增强大鼠空间学习与记忆能力,突触素Ⅰ在大鼠海马内表达的变化可能参与了大鼠空间学习与记忆增强的机制.  相似文献   

3.
目的:观察神经干细胞植入阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)大鼠海马内的存活和增殖情况,以及对学习记忆能力的影响一方法:从新生大鼠海马齿状回分离、培养神经干细胞,经Hoechst33258标记后植入AD模型大鼠海马,2周和4周后,行Y迷宫实验检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,然后取脑进行荧光观察和PCNA免疫组织化学染色。结果:与AD组相比,2周移植组和4周移植组大鼠的学习能力和记忆能力有明显提高一移植的神经干细胞能在海马存活,与周围组织建立良好的整合,还可沿海马CAl区迁移,而且在海马CAl区内可见许多PCNA阳性细胞:结论:新生大鼠海马齿状回神经干细胞移植到AD大鼠海马内能够存活、增殖,并能改善AD大鼠的学习能力和记忆能力。  相似文献   

4.
目的 :研究D 半乳糖合并Meynert基底核损毁Alzheimer病 (AD)大鼠模型海马突触可塑性的变化。方法 :通过0 .96 %D 半乳糖致亚急性损伤及鹅膏蕈氨酸损毁Meynert基底核建立AD动物模型 ,应用行为学测试、电生理学方法和电镜观察 ,研究AD模型大鼠海马突触形态结构和长时程增强现象 (long termpotentiation ,LTP)的变化。结果 :①AD模型大鼠在Morris水迷宫的学习记忆能力明显低于对照组 ;②AD大鼠海马CA1区突触的数密度、面密度明显减少 ;③AD模型大鼠海马齿状回产生的LTP较对照组明显降低。结论 :海马突触结构改变和功能可塑性的降低可能与AD大鼠的学习记忆能力下降有关  相似文献   

5.
Tan T  Zhang BL  Tian X 《生理学报》2011,63(3):225-232
突触传递的长时程抑制(long-term depression,LTD)和长时程增强(longterm-potentiation,LTP)是突触可塑性的两种重要形式,并且与学习记忆密切相关.本文探讨Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠在海马齿状回区(dentate gyrus,DG)注射36 h孵育形成的寡聚体Aβ...  相似文献   

6.
Zhang L  Luo XP 《生理学报》2011,63(2):124-130
热性癫痫发作是儿童常见病,能损害认知功能,而突触可塑性和再可塑性(metaplasticity)是维系大脑认知功能的重要神经基础.本文通过脑片灌流和细胞外场电位记录术研究了热性癫痫发作大鼠海马齿状回外侧支的突触可塑性和再可塑性.制作对照组和热性癫痫发作组大鼠的脑切片后,记录电极置于齿状回外侧支的外分子层获取兴奋性突触后...  相似文献   

7.
一氧化氮在长时程增强中作用的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Yang ZH 《生理科学进展》2000,31(2):140-142
长时程增强(LTP)是神经突触可塑性和突触传递的一种表现形式,被认为是学习和记忆的细胞学基础,但有关LTP的形成机制仍存有争论。普遍认为LTP的维持需要逆行信使的参与,本文就NO作为逆向信使以及其在LTP学习和记忆中的作用做了简要综述。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨阿尼西坦对血管性痴呆(VD)的治疗机制。方法:用四血管阻塞改良法建立VD大鼠模型,造模后阿尼西坦灌胃4周;水迷宫检测VD大鼠学习记忆能力,免疫组织化学SABC法检测海马齿状回bcl-2的表达。结果:阿尼西坦灌胃后,VD大鼠学习记忆能力明显提高(P〈0.05),海马齿状回bel-2阳性表达比模型组明显增多(P〈0.05)。结论:阿尼西坦显著改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与上调海马齿状回bel-2表达有关。  相似文献   

9.
突触传递的长时程抑制(long-term depression,LTD)和长时程增强(long term-potentiation,LTP)是突触可塑性的两种重要形式,并且与学习记忆密切相关。本文探讨Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠在海马齿状回区(dentate gyrus,DG)注射36h孵育形成的寡聚体Aβ1-4230d后,在体海马前穿通纤维-齿状回通路(perforant path-dentate gyrus pathway,PP-DG)的突触可塑性和空间记忆能力的变化。2.5月龄SD大鼠随机分为寡聚体Aβ1-42注射组[即阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型组,n=12]和正常对照组(n=12),分别在双侧海马DG区注射5μg寡聚体Aβ1-42或生理盐水。应用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间记忆能力。同时运用神经电生理在体胞外记录技术,检测寡聚体Aβ1-42引起的海马双脉冲易化(paired pulse facilitation,PPF)、LTD、LTP等突触可塑性形式的变化。结果显示:(1)AD模型组大鼠空间记忆能力下降(P<0.05);(2)寡聚体Aβ1-42降低...  相似文献   

10.
观察电刺激大鼠坐骨神经引起海马齿状回诱发场电位的变化,探讨外周传入信息在海马的可塑性以及海马在痛觉调制中的作用。共记录了28只大鼠海马齿状回诱发场电位,平均幅度(23.73±1.12)μV,潜伏期(198.46±5.91)ms。不同条件刺激引起的反应包括:高频条件刺激使海马齿状回诱发场电位幅度降低;低频条件刺激使海马齿状回诱发场电位幅度增大。结果提示,电刺激坐骨神经可在海马齿状回记录到诱发场电位,不同的条件刺激可引起诱发场电位的不同变化,表现为突触传递效能增强或降低,海马对外周传入信息及痛觉起一定的调制作用。  相似文献   

11.
抑郁症模型大鼠学习记忆能力变化研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为探讨抑郁症发生发展过程中学习记忆能力的变化模式及其可能机制.分别采用21天慢性非预见性刺激法和嗅球切除法建立的抑郁症模型大鼠.运用旷场行为实验(open—field behavior)检测大鼠主动性活动能力,用Morris水迷宫法检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力,HPLC—UV法测定大鼠血清皮质醇含量。电生理法记录海马CA1区LTP与LTD,观察海马神经元的突触可塑性。结果显示:与对照组相比,两种模型的自主活动性、空间探索兴趣和学习能力都明显降低,而记忆的反馈功能没有明显的变化。同时.两种模型大鼠海马神经细胞的突触可塑性显著下降,血清皮质醇的含量则明显上升。提示两种建模方法均导致大鼠产生抑郁症状和学习能力障碍.但对记忆反馈功能无明显影响。  相似文献   

12.
Do stress and long-term potentiation share the same molecular mechanisms?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Stress is a biological, significant factor shown to influence hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Although numerous studies have reported that stress produces a suppression in long-term potentiation (LTP; a putative synaptic mechanism underlying learning and memory), little is known about the mechanism by which this occurs. Because the effects of stress on LTP and its converse process, long-term depression (LTD), parallel the changes in synapticity that occur following the establishment of LTP with tetanic stimulation (i.e., occluding LTP and enhancing LTD induction), it has been proposed that stress affects subsequent hippocampal plasticity by sharing the same molecular machinery required to support LTP. This article summarizes recent findings from ours and other laboratories to assess this view and discusses relevant hypotheses in the study of stress-related modifications of synaptic plasticity.  相似文献   

13.
神经元的突触可塑性与学习和记忆   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
大量研究表明,神经元的突触可塑性包括功能可塑性和结构可塑性,与学习和记忆密切相关.最近,在经过训练的动物海马区,记录到了学习诱导的长时程增强(long term potentiation,LTP),如果用激酶抑制剂阻断晚期LTP,就会使大鼠丧失训练形成的记忆.这些结果指出,LTP可能是形成记忆的分子基础.因此,进一步研究哺乳动物脑内突触可塑性的分子机制,对揭示学习和记忆的神经基础有重要意义.此外,在精神迟滞性疾病和神经退行性疾病患者脑内记录到异常的LTP,并发现神经元的树突棘数量减少,形态上产生畸变或萎缩,同时发现,产生突变的基因大多编码调节突触可塑性的信号通路蛋白,故突触可塑性研究也将促进精神和神经疾病的预防和治疗.综述了突触可塑性研究的最新进展,并展望了其发展前景.  相似文献   

14.
The brain is able to change the synaptic strength in response to stimuli that leave a memory trace. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity proposed to underlie memory. The induction of LTP appears mediated by glutamate acting on AMPA and then on NMDA receptors. Cholinergic muscarinic agonists facilitate learning and memory. Acetylcholine depolarizes pyramidal neurons, reduces inhibition, upregulates NMDA channels and activates the phosphoinositide cascade. Postsynaptic Ca2+ rises and stimulates Ca-dependent PK, promoting synaptic changes. Electroencephalographic desynchronization and hippocampal theta rhythm are related to learning and memory, are inducible by Cholinergic agonists and elicited by hippocampal Cholinergic terminals. Their loss results in memory deficits. Hence, Cholinergic pathways may act synergically with glutamatergic transmission, regulating and leading to synaptic plasticity. The stimulation that induces plasticity in vivo has not been established. The patterns for LTP/LTD induction in vitro may be due to the loss of ascending Cholinergic inputs. As a rat explores pyramidal cells fire bursts that could be relevant to plasticity.  相似文献   

15.
Tse YC  Bagot RC  Hutter JA  Wong AS  Wong TP 《PloS one》2011,6(11):e27215
Stress exerts a profound impact on learning and memory, in part, through the actions of adrenal corticosterone (CORT) on synaptic plasticity, a cellular model of learning and memory. Increasing findings suggest that CORT exerts its impact on synaptic plasticity by altering the functional properties of glutamate receptors, which include changes in the motility and function of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid subtype of glutamate receptor (AMPAR) that are responsible for the expression of synaptic plasticity. Here we provide evidence that CORT could also regulate synaptic plasticity by modulating the function of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which mediate the induction of synaptic plasticity. We found that stress level CORT applied to adult rat hippocampal slices potentiated evoked NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses within 30 min. Surprisingly, following this fast-onset change, we observed a slow-onset (>1 hour after termination of CORT exposure) increase in synaptic expression of GluN2A-containing NMDARs. To investigate the consequences of the distinct fast- and slow-onset modulation of NMDARs for synaptic plasticity, we examined the formation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) within relevant time windows. Paralleling the increased NMDAR function, both LTP and LTD were facilitated during CORT treatment. However, 1-2 hours after CORT treatment when synaptic expression of GluN2A-containing NMDARs is increased, bidirectional plasticity was no longer facilitated. Our findings reveal the remarkable plasticity of NMDARs in the adult hippocampus in response to CORT. CORT-mediated slow-onset increase in GluN2A in hippocampal synapses could be a homeostatic mechanism to normalize synaptic plasticity following fast-onset stress-induced facilitation.  相似文献   

16.
The hippocampus plays a central role in memory formation in the mammalian brain. Its ability to encode information is thought to depend on the plasticity of synaptic connections between neurons. In the pyramidal neurons constituting the primary hippocampal output to the cortex, located in area CA1, firing of presynaptic CA3 pyramidal neurons produces monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) followed rapidly by feedforward (disynaptic) inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Long-term potentiation (LTP) of the monosynaptic glutamatergic inputs has become the leading model of synaptic plasticity, in part due to its dependence on NMDA receptors (NMDARs), required for spatial and temporal learning in intact animals. Using whole-cell recording in hippocampal slices from adult rats, we find that the efficacy of synaptic transmission from CA3 to CA1 can be enhanced without the induction of classic LTP at the glutamatergic inputs. Taking care not to directly stimulate inhibitory fibers, we show that the induction of GABAergic plasticity at feedforward inhibitory inputs results in the reduced shunting of excitatory currents, producing a long-term increase in the amplitude of Schaffer collateral-mediated postsynaptic potentials. Like classic LTP, disinhibition-mediated LTP requires NMDAR activation, suggesting a role in types of learning and memory attributed primarily to the former and raising the possibility of a previously unrecognized target for therapeutic intervention in disorders linked to memory deficits, as well as a potentially overlooked site of LTP expression in other areas of the brain.  相似文献   

17.
Age-associated deficits in learning and memory are closely correlated with impairments of synaptic plasticity. Analysis of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 hippocampal slices indicates that the glial-derived neuromodulator D-serine is required for the induction of synaptic plasticity. During aging, the content of D-serine and the expression of its synthesizing enzyme serine racemase are significantly decreased in the hippocampus. Impaired LTP and NMDAr-mediated synaptic potentials in old rats are rescued by exogenous D-serine. These results highlight the critical role of glial cells and presumably astrocytes, through the availability of D-serine, in the deficits of synaptic mechanisms of learning and memory that occur in the course of aging.  相似文献   

18.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required in a number of critical cellular signaling events, including those underlying hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory; however, the source of ROS is unknown. We previously have shown that NADPH oxidase is required for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent signal transduction in the hippocampus, suggesting that NADPH oxidase may be required for NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and hippocampus-dependent memory. Herein we present the first evidence that NADPH oxidase is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory. We have found that pharmacological inhibitors of NADPH oxidase block LTP. Moreover, mice that lack the NADPH oxidase proteins gp91(phox) and p47(phox), both of which are mouse models of human chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also lack LTP. We also found that the gp91(phox) and p47(phox) mutant mice have mild impairments in hippocampus-dependent memory. The gp91(phox) mutant mice exhibited a spatial memory deficit in the Morris water maze, and the p47(phox) mutant mice exhibited impaired context-dependent fear memory. Taken together, our results are consistent with NADPH oxidase being required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory and are consistent with reports of cognitive dysfunction in patients with CGD.  相似文献   

19.
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