模拟酸雨对朱砂叶螨寄主植物三月早茄生理生化的影响

以朱砂叶螨的寄主植物三月早茄为对象,研究了不同pH值和不同时间模拟酸雨胁迫下,茄子对酸雨的抵抗、适应能力和营养物质含量变化.结果表明,随酸雨酸度增强,茄叶的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、磷和可溶性蛋白含量呈单峰变化趋势;而过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性糖含量呈单谷变化趋势;还原糖含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随酸度增加呈上升趋势;茄叶pH值呈下降趋势,含水量不受酸雨影响.POD对酸雨作用反应迟缓,而SOD、CAT较敏感,其他几项生理指标则对酸雨作用时间反应灵敏.高pH(4.0～5.6)的酸雨刺激茄叶的保护能力增强,促进茄叶的生长发育.由于茄叶内糖含量、磷及可溶性蛋白含量的改变,植物的适口性有所变化,可促进叶螨生长,而在强酸性酸雨(pH＜3.0)胁迫下,植物的生长受到抑制,营养物质含量降低,抑制朱砂叶螨的生长.     

Effects of simulated acid rain on the physiology of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduvals) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract:  The physiological effect of simulated acid rain sprayed on carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduvals) and host plant, were measured in a series of laboratory trials. We examined potential changes in three kinds of protective enzymes [peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] and three hydrolases [acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and carboxylesterase (CarE)] in response to changes in pH values of simulated acid rain at different time of exposure. POD, SOD and CAT activities increased significantly with the increase in the acidity of the acid rain, reaching the highest levels at pH 4.0 or 3.0, and then declined. Changes in ACP activity were similar to those observed in the protective enzymes. The increasing extent of the activities of these four enzymes after 30 and 45 days treatment became smaller than that after 15 days treatment . ALP activities decreased as pH value declined. There were no significant changes in CarE activities after 15 and 45 days, but that in pH 4.0 and 3.0 decreased after 30 days. The enhanced anti-oxidation enzyme levels (POD, SOD and CAT) and ACP activities in pH 4.0 and 3.0 reduced the effects of these toxic products on mites, resulting in the strengthening of the defensive power, and increase in survival and reproductive power of the mites, thus leading to an increase in the density of mites on host plant. From these results, we inferred that POD, SOD, CAT and ACP might be relevant to population changes of mites under acid rain pressure.     

Effect of long-term exposure to simulated acid rain on the development and reproduction of the predatory mite, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euseius nicholsi</Emphasis> (Ehara <Emphasis Type="Italic">et</Emphasis> Lee) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

The effects of simulated acid rain on the development and reproduction of E. nicholsi, an important natural enemy of many species of pest mites in China, were studied in the laboratory. The life history parameters of E. nicholsi were investigated after long-term (about 8 generations) exposure to various levels of simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.6). The results showed that the acid rain had negative effects on some basic parameters of the life history of the E. nicholsi population indirectly. The whole development durations with pH 3.0–5.6 treatments were longer and the duration with pH 2.0 treatment was shorter than with deionized water treatments (control). Adult longevity and oviposition duration were notably shortened, and female fecundity was decreased by an increase in acidity. The net reproductive rate (R ₀) of the populations treated with acid rain was less than that of the control populations and gradually decreased with an increase in acidity; however, the values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) were not affected significantly by acid rain, and inhibitory effects of acid rain on the population growth of E. nicholsi were not recognized.     

模拟秋季酸雨对三角枫叶片光合生理特性的影响

以三角枫幼苗为材料,采用盆栽方法,研究了pH 5.6、pH 4.0、pH 3.0和pH 2.0酸度模拟酸雨胁迫对三角枫叶片光合生理特性的影响,以探讨酸雨胁迫下三角枫的光合生理响应机制。结果显示:(1)随着酸雨浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,三角枫叶片相对叶绿素含量下降幅度逐步增大;叶片丙二醛含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,且各处理均显著高于对照;叶片质膜透性和脯氨酸含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且pH 2.0处理的叶片质膜透性在试验20d时迅速增大,升高幅度最大(146.3%)。(2)叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、表观光能利用效率以及表观CO2利用效率在胁迫下也均呈显著下降趋势,且以pH 3.0和pH 2.0处理降幅最大。研究表明,pH 4.0的模拟酸雨对三角枫叶片的光合生理指标无显著影响,而pH≤3.0的强酸雨胁迫使三角枫叶片叶绿素含量显著下降、膜保护系统受损、光合作用效率显著下降;三角枫能适应弱酸雨(pH≥4.0)环境,可作为酸雨地区的园林绿化树种。     

模拟酸雨对毛竹叶片抗氧化酶活性及释放绿叶挥发物的影响

为了探讨酸雨胁迫与毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)绿叶挥发物(green leaf volatiles, GLVs)释放规律以及抗氧化酶活性的关系, 通过盆栽试验, 采用不同pH值(5.6、4.0、2.5)的模拟酸雨对毛竹三年生实生苗进行处理, 研究酸雨对毛竹叶片可溶性蛋白质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响, 并采用热脱附/气相色谱/质谱联用技术对毛竹释放的GLVs成分和含量进行分析。结果表明: 酸雨胁迫下毛竹叶片MDA含量明显增加, pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理45天毛竹叶片MDA含量与对照相比增加了43.0% (p < 0.01); pH 4.0处理MDA含量增加缓慢, 处理75天时MDA含量比对照增加了0.36倍(p < 0.01)。pH 4.0和pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理45天时, 毛竹叶片可溶性蛋白质含量极显著增加, 与对照相比分别增加了32.0%和65.0% (p < 0.01)。在酸雨胁迫下, 毛竹叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的响应时间存在一定差异, 表现为互相协调, pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理SOD活性和POD活性分别在45天和60天时达到最大值, 分别为对照的1.67倍和1.31倍(p < 0.01), 随后降低。pH 4.0和pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理, 毛竹叶片GLVs含量比对照分别增加26.4%和132.9% (p < 0.01), 新增GLVs为 (E)-2-辛烯醛、2-乙基己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛和(E)-2-壬烯醛。研究表明: 酸雨胁迫条件下, 毛竹可以通过调节保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量和释放GLVs来提高适应环境的能力。     

Effects of simulated acid rain on the activity of antioxidant enzyme and the emission of induced green leaf volatiles in Phyllostachys pubescens

为了探讨酸雨胁迫与毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)绿叶挥发物(green leaf volatiles, GLVs)释放规律以及抗氧化酶活性的关系, 通过盆栽试验, 采用不同pH值(5.6、4.0、2.5)的模拟酸雨对毛竹三年生实生苗进行处理, 研究酸雨对毛竹叶片可溶性蛋白质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响, 并采用热脱附/气相色谱/质谱联用技术对毛竹释放的GLVs成分和含量进行分析。结果表明: 酸雨胁迫下毛竹叶片MDA含量明显增加, pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理45天毛竹叶片MDA含量与对照相比增加了43.0% (p < 0.01); pH 4.0处理MDA含量增加缓慢, 处理75天时MDA含量比对照增加了0.36倍(p < 0.01)。pH 4.0和pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理45天时, 毛竹叶片可溶性蛋白质含量极显著增加, 与对照相比分别增加了32.0%和65.0% (p < 0.01)。在酸雨胁迫下, 毛竹叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的响应时间存在一定差异, 表现为互相协调, pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理SOD活性和POD活性分别在45天和60天时达到最大值, 分别为对照的1.67倍和1.31倍(p < 0.01), 随后降低。pH 4.0和pH 2.5模拟酸雨胁迫处理, 毛竹叶片GLVs含量比对照分别增加26.4%和132.9% (p < 0.01), 新增GLVs为 (E)-2-辛烯醛、2-乙基己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛和(E)-2-壬烯醛。研究表明: 酸雨胁迫条件下, 毛竹可以通过调节保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量和释放GLVs来提高适应环境的能力。     

模拟酸雨和铝调控对茶叶主要化学品质与铝积累的影响

为研究模拟酸雨和铝(Al)对茶叶主要化学品质与Al积累的影响及其交互作用,采用3个酸度水平(pH 3.0、4.0、5.0)和4种Al浓度水平(0、10、20、30 mg L-1),用溶液培养法研究茶叶的主要化学指标和Al含量的异同.结果表明,在模拟酸雨下,茶叶的茶多酚和咖啡碱含量随酸度增加先增加后下降,氨基酸、儿茶素和...     

模拟酸雨胁迫对青冈幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

选择亚热带常绿阔叶林优势树种青冈幼苗为研究对象,设置3个酸雨处理：pH 2.5、pH 4.0、pH 5.6(CK),研究不同强度的模拟酸雨对青冈幼苗光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明：经过2年酸雨处理,青冈的净光合速率随着酸雨强度的增加而显著上升.pH 2.5、pH 4.0处理的酸雨增大了青冈的气孔导度和蒸腾速率,且对pH 2.5处理的影响更为显著.胞间CO₂浓度的大小顺序是pH 2.5>pH 5.6>pH 4.0.pH 2.5、pH 4.0处理青冈的最大净光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点、暗呼吸速率显著高于对照,表观量子效率对酸雨胁迫不敏感.pH 2.5、pH 4.0处理青冈的PSⅡ原初光能转化效率和PSⅡ的潜在活性显著高于对照.青冈的叶绿素相对含量大小顺序是pH 2.5>pH 5.6>pH 4.0,且pH 2.5与pH 4.0之间有显著差异.说明青冈幼苗的光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数指标在pH 2.5和pH 4.0的酸雨处理下有所增加,且在pH 2.5强度下增加更为明显.     

模拟酸雨对西洋杜鹃生理生态特性的影响

采用盆栽方法,研究了不同pH值条件下的模拟酸雨对西洋杜鹃生长及其叶片主要生理生化特征的影响。结果表明:在酸雨胁迫下,随着酸雨胁迫的增强,西洋杜鹃叶片受害程度逐渐加重;叶片丙二醛含量逐渐升高;可溶性蛋白含量先升后降;过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈先升后降的单峰曲线变化,其中pH值为4.3的处理下西洋杜鹃叶片CAT和SOD活性最高,pH值为3.0的处理下其POD活性最高;其叶绿素含量逐渐下降;叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)及水分利用率(WUE)均呈先升后降的趋势,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则持续下降,pH值为4.3的处理下其Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE均达到最高。研究表明,大致可以认为pH值≤3.0是酸雨对西洋杜鹃造成隐形伤害的阀值,而酸雨灾害严重地区的降水pH值为2.0—4.0左右,说明西洋杜鹃可以在酸雨灾害较重的地区生长,可作为酸雨灾害严重地区园林绿化及植被构建的物种之一。     

北京地区朱砂叶螨在蔬菜集约化栽培下的种群动态

为了明确集约化栽培管理模式对蔬菜上朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)的种群数量及动态的影响,2008年在中国农科院蔬菜花卉所塑料棚和露地春、秋茬5种蔬菜上,调查了该螨的种群动态。结果表明,6月中旬春棚的朱砂叶螨种群数量达到高峰期,6月下旬后则明显下降;露地春茬菜豆、茄子、甜椒和黄瓜于6月上旬始见叶螨发生,有螨株率比单株螨量增长迅速,番茄上未发现叶螨。塑料棚和露地秋茬菜豆、茄子和黄瓜上朱砂叶螨发生数量低于13.3头/株,番茄、甜椒寄主上均未发现叶螨为害。分析认为,集约化栽培措施是制约朱砂叶螨种群发生数量的关键因素,降雨和高湿等不良的气象条件也有重要影响。     

不同起源时期的3种被子植物对酸雨胁迫响应的光合生理生态特征

为了验证起源时间较长的植物具有较强适应性的假设, 人工模拟酸雨胁迫, 研究了在不同酸雨处理下不同起源时期的3种被子植物乐东拟单性木兰(Parakmeria lotungensi)、石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)和山核桃(Carya cathayensis)的光合生理适应特性。实验设置了酸雨对照处理(pH 5.6)、中度酸雨胁迫处理(pH 4.0)和重度酸雨胁迫处理(pH 2.5), 并测定了这3种植物的光合特性。研究结果显示: 1)在不同强度的酸雨处理下, 乐东拟单性木兰的光合能力大小趋势为pH 2.5 > pH 4.0 > pH 5.6, 石栎则为pH 5.6 > pH 4.0 > pH 2.5, 但山核桃在酸雨处理之间差异不显著; 2)在酸雨对照处理(pH 5.6)中, 石栎的光合能力相对较高, 其次是乐东拟单性木兰, 山核桃最小。但在重度和中度酸雨胁迫下(pH ≤ 4.0), 3种植物光合能力的大小趋势为乐东拟单性木兰 > 石栎 > 山核桃, 且酸雨胁迫越严重, 上述趋势越明显。研究结果表明: 在重度酸雨胁迫下, 起源时间较早的乐东拟单性木兰表现出较高的光合与适应能力。从应用的角度出发, 建议考虑将乐东拟单性木兰作为酸雨灾害严重地区植被构建的物种之一。     

Role of Simulated Acid Rain on Acer negundo and Plant Nitrition

The short-term effects of simulated acid rain on Acer negundo L. have been investigated using photoacoustic spectroscopy and modulated fluorescence measurements. Three seeding groups of Acer negundo L. were treated with simulated acid rain at pH 3.0, 4.5 and 5.6 levels for three months. The results indicated the photosynthetic activity, expressed in terms of normalized oxygen evolution signal, photochemical energy storage, normalized variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, ranges in the order pH 4.5 > pH 3.0 > pH 5.6. This stimulation effect has been confirmed by increased growth rate observed in relation with increased acidity levels. The nutritional aspects of this favorable effect of the acid rain on plant growth were discussed.     

Resistance status of the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus and the twospotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae to selected acaricides on strawberries

The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, are serious pests of strawberries and many other horticultural crops. Control of these pests has been heavily dependent upon chemical acaricides. Objectives of this study were to determine the resistance status of these two pest species to commonly used acaricides on strawberries in a year‐round intensive horticultural production region. LC₉₀ of abamectin for adult carmine spider mites was 4% whereas that for adult twospotted spider mites was 24% of the top label rate. LC_90s of spiromesifen, etoxazole, hexythiazox and bifenazate were 0.5%, 0.5%, 1.4% and 83% of their respective highest label rates for carmine spider mite eggs, 0.7%, 2.7%, 12.1% and 347% of their respective highest label rates for the nymphs. LC_90s of spiromesifen, etoxazole, hexythiazox and bifenazate were 4.6%, 11.1%, 310% and 62% of their respective highest label rates for twospotted spider mite eggs, 3%, 13%, 432,214% and 15% of their respective highest label rates for the nymphs. Our results suggest that T. cinnabarinus have developed resistance to bifenazate and that the T. urticae have developed resistance to hexythiazox. These results strongly emphasize the need to develop resistance management strategies in the region.     

模拟酸雨及其酸化土壤对小麦幼苗体内可溶性糖和含氮量的影响

以小麦为试材,采用盆栽方法研究了模拟酸雨及其酸化土壤对小麦幼苗体内可溶性糖和含N量的影响.结果表明,pH值为5.6、4.5、3.5、3.0和2.5的系列模拟酸雨引起了土壤酸化和盐基流失.当模拟酸雨的pH值由5.6下降到2.5时,被淋溶土壤的pH值由.0下降到3.41,土壤中交换性盐基总量从56.5下降到41.1mmol·kg^-1.将小麦幼苗栽培在该系列酸化土壤上,并分别用5种不同pH值的模拟酸雨喷淋地上器官,导致小麦幼苗体内的可溶性糖含量、含N量迅速下降,某些生理活动降低.其中,模拟酸雨喷淋对小麦幼苗茎叶可溶性糖含量、含N量、叶绿素含量以及光合速率的影响大于酸化土壤对其产生的影响.而酸化土壤对小麦幼苗根系中可溶性糖含量、含N量、硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性的影响大于模拟酸雨喷淋的影响.pH≤3.0的高强度酸雨以及由其产生的酸化土壤(T₄、T₅土壤)对小麦幼苗的碳素代谢和氮素代谢具有明显的抑制作用.     

The influence of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and B-glucosidase on induction of resistance mechanisms of strawberry against two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.)

The goal of the research was to study the influence of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and beta-glucosidase treatments on fecundity and preference to infestation and oviposition of two-spotted spider mite feeding on strawberry. The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions on leaves of Aga and Kent cultivars. Leaves were treated with: a. solution of 0.1% JA-Me in 0.05% Triton X-100 (by spraying); b. beta-glucosidase dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer at pH 6 (by petiole); c. 0.05% solution of the Triton X-100 (by spraying); d. 0.1 M citrate buffer at pH 6 (by petiole). In the no-choice test, application of JA-Me on leaves of strawberry caused reducing of number of eggs laid during three days of the experiment. In the choice test, which was carried out for determination of non-preference mechanism of resistance, there was a statistically significant lower number of mites on leaves treated with JA-Me compared to leaves treated with other compounds as well as to non-treated leaves after 24 hours from solutions application. Moreover, at the same experiment, females of two-spotted spider mite laid the least number of eggs on leaves treated with JA-Me. Analysis conducted using liquid chromatography method, revealed increase of the level of phenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid and rutin on leaves treated with JA-Me. Thus, it appears that JA-Me may be involved in antybiosis or non-preference mechanisms of resistance of strawberry to two-spotted spider mite.     

酸雨胁迫对苦槠幼苗气体交换与叶绿素荧光的影响

常绿阔叶树苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)是亚热带地带性顶极群落的建群种之一, 在区域森林资源保护和可持续利用方面具有重要的地位。在该区域日益严重的酸雨胁迫下, 研究其对于胁迫的生理生态响应具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。该文以苦槠幼苗为研究材料, 研究了酸雨胁迫对苦槠幼苗光合生理的影响。结果表明: (1)短时间内, pH 2.5处理下的幼苗叶绿素相对含量最低, 且与pH 5.6处理下的存在显著性差异(p < 0.05); 经过一段时间处理后, pH 4.0处理下的叶绿素相对含量最高, 表明低浓度的酸雨会促进叶绿素相对含量的增加。(2) 2007年4月, 光合速率(P_n)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和PSⅡ的潜在活性(F_v/F₀)在不同酸雨浓度处理下基本无变化。随着酸雨处理时间的延长, pH 2.5处理下的P_n、光饱和点、光补偿点和暗呼吸速率有显著降低, 且与pH 5.6处理下的存在显著性差异(p < 0.05)。pH 2.5处理组与pH 5.6处理组之间的F_v/F_m和F_v/F₀差异性逐渐减小。表观量子效率和气孔导度变化规律不明显。综合来说, 酸雨处理前期, 高浓度的酸雨胁迫对苦槠幼苗叶绿素相对含量、光合生理参数有显著影响, 但随着酸雨处理时间的增加, 酸雨胁迫对苦槠幼苗的影响逐渐减小, 表明其对外界不良环境具有一定的抵御能力和适应能力。     

模拟酸雨对3种果树的胁迫效应

以青梅(Prunus mume Sieb.&Zucc.)、龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)和杨桃(Averrvhoa carambola L.)3种南方果树为材料,研究不同pH值的模拟酸雨对其生理胁迫的效应.在酸雨胁迫下3种果树的叶片叶绿素含量均随pH值的降低有不同程度的下降,叶片伤害率、细胞质膜透性、脯氨酸及丙二醛(MDA)含量则随pH值的降低而上升.抗性较强的龙眼的生理生化指标的变幅最小,其次是杨桃,对酸雨胁迫反应较敏感的青梅变幅最大.     

模拟酸雨对茄科3种蔬菜种子萌发的影响

采用pH 2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0的模拟酸雨和pH 6.5的中性溶液(ck)处理番茄、茄子、辣椒3种蔬菜种子,研究酸雨胁迫强度对3种蔬菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明：从发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数3个萌发指标来看,番茄种子在pH 2.0～3.0的强酸雨胁迫下,萌发受到轻微抑制;茄子种子在pH 2.0～5.0的酸雨胁迫下,萌发一直受到抑制,尤其是在pH 2.0的强酸雨胁迫时表现出萌发几乎完全受到抑制,而辣椒种子在酸雨胁迫下,萌发几乎没有受到抑制。3个萌发指标均随着酸雨pH值的减小而减少。pH 2.0～5.0酸雨胁迫下,辣椒吸水值的变幅（13.75）﹤番茄（19.91）﹤茄子（20.58）,同等酸雨胁迫强度下,根长抑制指数、蛋白质含量降幅、丙二醛增幅辣椒﹤番茄﹤茄子。这表明抗酸雨胁迫能力：辣椒>番茄>茄子。     

模拟酸雨对白筋叶片抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

采用棚内盆栽方法, 设置pH值5.6 （对照）、4.0、3.0和2.0的模拟酸雨胁迫试验, 探讨其对白簕幼苗叶片MDA含量、保护酶活性、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明, 随着模拟酸雨pH值的降低, MDA含量呈先降低后升高的趋势; SOD活性逐渐降低, POD活性逐渐升高, APX活性呈先升高后降低的变化。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均比对照高, 在pH 4.0时达最大值。气孔限制值（Ls）、PSII实际光化学量子产量（ΦPSII）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）均随pH值的降低而下降, 净光速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）、PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSII的潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、非光化学淬灭系数（qN）呈先升高后降低趋势, 且也都在pH 4.0时达最大值。由此推测, pH 4.0的酸雨处理有利于白簕幼苗的生长, 表明白簕幼苗可能喜欢生活在微酸环境中, 但是随着酸度加强, 反而起到抑制作用。     

模拟酸雨对龙眼叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数的影响（英文）

 研究了模拟酸雨对龙眼(Dimorcarpus longana)叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数的影响,结果表明：酸雨胁迫抑制龙眼光合作用,受胁迫叶片光补偿点上升。pH 3.0的酸雨处理6 h后叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数下降,停止处理后72 h可以恢复。pH 2.5的酸雨处理6 h后净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度(Cs)、蒸腾速率（Tr）,叶绿素a荧光参数Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、PSII非环式电子传递的量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）、荧光下降比值（Rfd）、非光化学猝灭系数（qN）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）急剧下降,停