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1.
钙对镉胁迫下花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响水   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Gao F  Zhang JL  Yang CT  Zhang F  Yang XK  Lin YJ  Li XD 《应用生态学报》2011,22(11):2907-2912
通过盆栽试验,选用高油品种豫花15和高蛋白品种XB023,研究了不同浓度钙对镉胁迫下不同类型花生品种营养生长、叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、保护酶活性等生理特性及产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施钙可以缓解镉胁迫对花生植株主茎高和侧枝长的抑制作用,增加花生植株干物质量,提高叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)的积累量,减轻镉胁迫对花生叶片的伤害;施钙可以缓解镉胁迫对花生的减产作用,增加花生荚果和籽仁产量,其增产的主要原因是增加了单株结荚数和出仁率;施钙可以促使籽仁中可溶性糖向粗脂肪和蛋白质转化,增加籽仁中脂肪和蛋白质含量,改善镉胁迫下花生籽仁品质.施钙可以降低两花生品种籽仁中镉含量,对豫花15的降低效果好于XB023.  相似文献   

2.
通过盆栽试验,选用高油品种豫花15和高蛋白品种XB023,研究了不同浓度钙对镉胁迫下不同类型花生品种营养生长、叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、保护酶活性等生理特性及产量和品质的影响.结果表明: 施钙可以缓解镉胁迫对花生植株主茎高和侧枝长的抑制作用,增加花生植株干物质量,提高叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)的积累量,减轻镉胁迫对花生叶片的伤害;施钙可以缓解镉胁迫对花生的减产作用,增加花生荚果和籽仁产量,其增产的主要原因是增加了单株结荚数和出仁率;施钙可以促使籽仁中可溶性糖向粗脂肪和蛋白质转化,增加籽仁中脂肪和蛋白质含量,改善镉胁迫下花生籽仁品质.施钙可以降低两花生品种籽仁中镉含量,对豫花15的降低效果好于XB023.  相似文献   

3.
氮、磷、钾肥不同用量对花生生理特性及产量品质的影响   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
在田间条件下研究了氮、磷、钾肥不同用量对花生叶片生理特性及产量品质的影响.结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,花生分别单独施用氮、磷、钾肥可提高叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量和光合速率,增加SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低MDA积累量,以施N300~450kg.hm-2、施P5O2150~225kg.hm-2、施K2O300~450kg.hm-2的效果最显著;对叶片光合性能的改善,氮肥的作用主要在前期,磷在中后期,钾肥前后期比较一致.施肥可显著提高花生荚果产量,随施氮量的增加花生产量显著提高,施磷、钾肥以中等施肥量(P5O2150kg.hm-2、K2O300kg.hm-2)花生产量最高,钾肥的增产作用大于氮、磷肥.少量施用磷、钾肥(P2O575kg.hm-2、K2O150kg.hm-2)可显著增加花生籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量,少量施用氮肥(N150kg.hm-2)可显著增加蛋白质含量,大量施用氮肥(N450kg.hm-2)才可显著增加脂肪含量;磷肥对提高籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量效果明显,氮肥对增加蛋白质含量作用较大,钾肥主要提高了可溶性糖含量.施用氮、磷、钾肥可增加花生籽仁的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和油酸、亚油酸含量,提高油酸/亚油酸比值,从而改善花生营养品质,延长花生制品的货价寿命.  相似文献   

4.
外源施钙对盐胁迫下花生营养元素吸收与分配的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为解决盐碱地花生养分吸收不畅及分配受阻等问题,研究外源施钙对盐胁迫下花生氮、磷、钾、钙、镁吸收积累、分配特性和产量的影响,为盐碱地花生生产合理、高效施肥提供理论依据.以‘花育25号’为材料,在0.3%盐胁迫浓度下,设置4个Ca浓度梯度[T1(0)、T2(75)、T3(150)和T4(225) kg·hm-2 CaO]进行盆栽试验.结果表明: 花生植株内养分含量依次为氮>钾>钙>磷>镁,苗期植株对氮和钙素的吸收中心均在叶片,磷、钾、镁的吸收中心为茎,苗期近一半的营养积累分配在各元素相应的生长中心.成熟期氮、磷、钾吸收中心转移到荚果中,尤以氮、磷在籽仁中的积累量居多,达72.3%~78.9%;钙、镁的吸收中心仍为叶片和茎,其分配比例分别为49.8%、32.6%.盐胁迫明显抑制花生植株各器官对氮、磷、钾、钙和镁各元素的吸收积累与分配,尤以对叶片和籽仁中氮素积累的抑制较为显著,但盐胁迫对荚果中镁的积累有促进作用.外源钙对盐胁迫下花生植株各器官氮、磷、钙和镁的吸收累积有明显的促进作用,尤其对籽仁中磷素积累的调节最为显著,其在籽仁中的积累量提高50%以上.适宜的钙施用量可显著促进盐胁迫下花生养分吸收积累量,提高花生成熟期荚果中氮、磷、钾的分配比,最终提高产量.综合各养分吸收、积累分配和产量结果,在0.3%盐胁迫条件下钙肥适宜施用量为150 kg·hm-2 CaO.  相似文献   

5.
钙、硼对花生生长、产量和品质的影响   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
在土壤代换性钙和有效硼含量分别为0.84me/100g和0.163mg/kg的条件下,研究了施钙、施硼及钙、硼配施对花生生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用钙肥能提高花生的产量和品质;施用硼肥能改善品质,但在产量上却产生负效应;钙、硼配施也能提高产量,但主效应仍然是钙。施用钙硼肥料不但花生成熟期植株中钙、硼含量提高,而且种植花生后土壤中的钙硼残卵巢量也明显增加。  相似文献   

6.
选用高蛋白品种KB008(KB008)、高脂肪品种花17(H17)和高油酸/亚油酸(O/L)品种农大818(818),在大田栽培条件下,研究了盛花后期叶面喷施多效唑(PBZ)对不同品质类型花生产量、品质及相关碳、氮代谢酶活性的影响.结果表明:喷施PBZ显著增加了3种品质类型花生荚果产量,原因是增加了单株结果数,降低了千克果数而提高了双仁果率.喷施PBZ不同程度地提高了3种类型花生籽仁脂肪和可溶性糖含量,降低了蛋白质含量,显著增加了高脂肪品种H17的O/L值.PBZ使高O/L值品种818的脂肪含量增加显著,同时其蛋白质含量显著降低,而对其他两品种的蛋白质和脂肪含量影响较小.喷施PBZ均降低了3种类型花生结荚期叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性及结荚期和饱果期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性,818的3种酶活性降低幅度最大,KB008和H17的酶活性降幅较小;喷施PBZ均降低了3种类型花生结荚期和饱果期叶片谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性.说明氮代谢酶活性的降低是喷施PBZ降低3种类型花生籽仁蛋白质含量的主要原因.喷施PBZ均提高了3品种结荚期和饱果期叶片蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性,其中显著提高了818的2种酶活性,而对KB008和H17的活性提高不显著;喷施PBZ提高了3品种结荚期和饱果期的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性,其中对818在结荚期的活性提高最显著,对H17活性提高较小.碳代谢酶活性的增强是喷施PBZ提高花生籽仁脂肪含量的生理基础.  相似文献   

7.
以"花育22号"花生为试验材料,在中度干旱胁迫和充足灌水两个水分条件下,分别设置不施氮肥(N0)、中氮(N1,90 kg·hm-2)、高氮(N2,180 kg·hm-2)3个施氮水平,研究不同土壤水分和氮肥条件对花生叶片生理活性及根系形态发育特征的影响.结果表明:与不施氮肥处理相比,两个水分条件下中氮处理均显著增加花生产量,但对收获指数无显著影响.干旱胁迫条件下,中氮处理对总根系生物量和总根长无显著影响,但显著增加花生总根系表面积;中氮和高氮处理均显著增加20~40 cm土层内根长和根系表面积,且高氮处理显著增加40 cm以下土层内根系生物量和根系表面积;施用氮肥显著提高叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,而丙二醛(MDA)含量随施氮量的增加而降低.正常供水条件下,施用氮肥显著降低了花生根系表面积和40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积,中氮处理可提高叶片保护酶活性.相关性分析表明,20~40 cm土层内根长和叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT、POD活性与产量呈显著相关.  相似文献   

8.
氮、磷、钾肥配施对花生生理特性及产量、品质的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
周录英  李向东  汤笑  林英杰  李宗奉  李宝龙 《生态学报》2008,28(6):2707-2707~2714
在田间试验条件下研究了氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对花生叶片生理特性及产量、品质的影响, 结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥配合施用均可不同程度地提高花生叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率, 且生育中后期(饱果期)的作用大于生育中期(结荚期),N300 P150 K300、P150 K300处理的效果好于N300 P150、N300 K300处理;氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对提高叶片SOD、POD和CAT酶活性、增加可溶性蛋白质含量和降低MDA积累量均有明显作用, N300 P150 K300、P150 K300处理的作用大于N300 P150、N300 K300处理;氮、磷、钾肥配合施用可明显增加花生荚果和籽仁产量,以N300 P150 K300处理产量最高,其次是P150 K300处理, N300 K300处理产量最低,N300 P150 K300和P150 K300处理还明显提高了荚果出仁率;氮、磷、钾肥配合施用可以不同程度提高花生籽仁中脂肪和蛋白质含量, P150 K300和N300 P150 K300处理对脂肪和蛋白质含量均有明显增加作用, N300 K300处理可明显提高脂肪含量,对蛋白质的增加作用不显著,N300 P150处理对脂肪和蛋白质的影响不大, N300 P150 K300处理还可明显提高籽仁中O/L比值和可溶性糖含量,从而延长花生制品的货价寿命、改善花生食用口味.  相似文献   

9.
通过盆栽试验进行水分(正常灌水和干旱后复水)和施氮处理(0、240、480kgN·hm-2),研究花铃期短期干旱再复水后氮素对棉花各器官干物质重、氮素累积与分配及产量与品质的影响.结果表明:花铃期土壤干旱显著降低了棉株各器官的干物质重与氮素累积量,而增大了棉株各器官的氮素含量,同时亦降低了棉株干物质与氮素在叶片中的分配指数,但提高了在根系的分配指数,从而增大了根冠比;增施氮肥可以提高干旱条件下棉株的干物质重与氮素累积量,但亦增大水分胁迫指数.复水对干旱处理棉株生长具有明显的补偿效应,尤其是根系的干物质重与氮素累积量显著高于相应正常灌水处理,且增施氮肥可以提高棉株的补偿效应.花铃期干旱结束时与复水后第10天,干旱处理棉株均以240kgN·hm-2水平下的生殖器官干物质重与分配指数最高,而根冠比最小,地上部与地下部生长最为协调,最终籽棉产量最高、纤维品质最优;而施氮不足(0kgN·hm-2)或过量(480kgN·hm-2)均不利于棉花产量的提高与纤维品质的改善.  相似文献   

10.
 池栽试验条件下,设置渍水、干旱和对照3个水分处理,每个水分处理下设置两个施氮水平 ,研究了花后渍水或干旱逆境下氮素营养对两个不同类型小麦(Triticum aestivum) 品种籽粒产量和品质性状的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,花后渍水或干旱处理显著降低了小麦的千粒重、穗粒数和籽粒产量。在适宜水分和干旱条件下,增施氮肥增加了小麦籽粒产量,而在渍水条件下,增施氮肥降低了产量。干旱处理提高了蛋白质含量,干、湿面 筋含量,沉降值和降落值;而渍水处理则降低了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和干、湿面筋含量。同 一水分处理下,增施氮肥提高了蛋白质含量,谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比,支链淀粉含量和支/直链淀粉比。在小麦籽粒主要品质性状上存在显著的水氮互作效应,且水分、氮肥及水氮互作效 应对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响因品种的不同而异。  相似文献   

11.
The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.  相似文献   

12.
Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.  相似文献   

13.
This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.  相似文献   

14.
A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.  相似文献   

15.
The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γj in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γj are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO3 (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li+ are: Cs+ (1.38), Rb+ (1.32), K+ (1.31), Na+ (1.16), TMA+ (0.53), TEA+ (0.45), TBA+ (0.03), Cl (0.19), glutamate (0.04), and NO3− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.  相似文献   

19.
We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.  相似文献   

20.
《Ibis》1894,36(3):447-460
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