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1.
曹婷  原梦颖  杨坤  郭磊  褚栋 《昆虫学报》2021,64(10):1168-1175
【目的】次生内共生菌感染可影响烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci对杀虫剂的敏感性。本研究旨在揭示内共生菌Cardinium感染对烟粉虱B. tabaci MED隐种耐药性的影响。【方法】室内测定海南陵水与山东寿光烟粉虱MED隐种种群内遗传背景一致的Cardinium感染与未感染品系对不同浓度新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪和吡虫啉的耐药性。【结果】各浓度噻虫嗪和吡虫啉处理后,烟粉虱陵水种群感染Cardinium品系死亡率比未感染品系显著降低;100, 150, 175和200 mg/L噻虫嗪以及175和200 mg/L吡虫啉处理后,烟粉虱寿光种群感染Cardinium品系死亡率比未感染品系显著上升。相对于未感染品系,烟粉虱陵水种群感染Cardinium品系对噻虫嗪、吡虫啉的抗性倍数(RR)分别是1.355和1.847,烟粉虱寿光种群感染Cardinium品系的RR分别是0.790和0.847。【结论】内共生菌Cardinium感染能影响烟粉虱MED隐种对噻虫嗪和吡虫啉的耐药性,且这种影响在不同种群间存在差异。研究结果对于揭示烟粉虱MED隐种的种群适应性及扩张机制具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

2.
施用噻虫嗪可降低B型烟粉虱群体的遗传多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用4个具有多态性的微卫星位点(BEM15、BEM25、BEM31和BT-b53)分析了施用化学农药噻虫嗪 (thiamethoxam)对B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)群体遗传结构的影响。结果表明:噻虫嗪汰选18代的B型烟粉虱处理种群(抗性种群)抗药性上升到对照种群(敏感种群)的19.08倍,同时其微卫星位点不同等位基因频率分布发生了变化,等位基因数(Na)平均值由2.750降到2.250,杂合度(h)平均值由0.459降到0.299(降低了34.8%),多态信息含量(PIC)平均值由0.393降到0.250,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均值由2.051降到1.488;抗性种群与敏感种群的标准遗传距离为0.15。结果提示,化学农药的施用可能是B型烟粉虱群体遗传结构的重要影响因素之一。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】UDP-糖基转移酶(UGTs)是昆虫主要的Ⅱ期解毒酶,可能参与昆虫抗药性的形成。本研究旨在探究Q型烟粉虱中UGT基因是否参与其对噻虫嗪的抗药性。【方法】依据烟粉虱基因组数据库设计引物,克隆其UGT354A1基因的全长序列;采用qRT-PCR技术检测UGT354A1基因在烟粉虱不同发育阶段、不同组织部位以及抗敏品系中的表达量;通过RNA干扰试验,验证UGT354A1基因在烟粉虱噻虫嗪抗性中的作用。【结果】序列生物信息学分析发现,UGT354A1基因属于典型的昆虫UGTs,包括两个糖基供体(DBR1和DBR2)和一个保守特征性基序。qRT-PCR结果显示,UGT354A1基因在噻虫嗪抗性品系(THQR)中的表达量为敏感品系(THQS)的2.60倍,且噻虫嗪可显著诱导该基因的表达。在不同发育阶段和组织部位中,发现UGT354A1基因在烟粉虱若虫和成虫阶段及头部和胸部表达丰富。RNAi后,沉默UGT354A1基因能够显著增加噻虫嗪对Q型烟粉虱的毒杀作用。【结论】UGT354A1基因在Q型烟粉虱中对噻虫嗪具有重要的解毒作用,可能参与了抗性的形成。  相似文献   

4.
《环境昆虫学报》2013,35(4):539-543
采用稻茎浸渍法,测定了广州市本地褐飞虱种群对噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺的室内毒力,评估褐飞虱对其的抗性风险。结果表明:广州本地褐飞虱种群对噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺的LC50分别为02857mg/L和05022 mg/L,分别是敏感品系LC50的267倍和106倍,仍属敏感水平。室内抗性筛选结果表明:经过30代的连续筛选后,噻虫嗪的抗性上升82980倍,达到极高抗性水平,烯啶虫胺的抗性上升3170倍,达到中等抗性水平,表明褐飞虱对噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺存在抗性风险的可能。根据试验结果,对褐飞虱噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺抗性的预防治理提出了应用策略。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】基于烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci转录组数据,系统分析了烟粉虱解毒代谢酶基因在噻虫嗪抗性品系中的表达模式,探讨了这些基因在烟粉虱不同发育阶段差异表达的生物学意义。【方法】分别收集室内长期饲养的烟粉虱噻虫嗪抗性和敏感品系的卵、4龄若虫和刚羽化1 d的雌成虫,在烟粉虱转录组数据库中挑选8 394条解毒代谢相关基因设计探针,通过探针杂交,得到烟粉虱噻虫嗪抗性品系表达谱芯片,比较了这些基因在抗性烟粉虱3个不同发育阶段的表达情况。并随机挑选了9个基因,在抗感品系间3个不同发育阶段进行了荧光定量PCR验证。【结果】在抗性烟粉虱的卵和4龄若虫发育阶段,共有3 424个差异表达基因,其中489个是编码3类解毒代谢酶(羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和细胞色素P450多功能氧化酶)的基因;有14个基因在4龄若虫发育阶段过量表达,其中10个为P450基因,4个为GST家族基因。在抗性烟粉虱的4龄若虫和雌成虫发育阶段,总共有1 273个差异表达基因,193个为3类解毒代谢酶家族的基因,其中有9个P450家族基因在雌成虫期的表达量超过4龄若虫期的10倍。此外,表达谱芯片分析还筛选到了一些候选抗性基因。qRT-PCR验证显示在这些候选基因中,与敏感品系相比,9个基因在抗性烟粉虱的3个不同发育阶段表达上调,其中GST基因家族的p_06027和P450基因p_06013在抗性品系的卵和4龄若虫中过量表达;p_05885和p_07806和编码CYP6家族蛋白的p_00988在抗性品系的4龄若虫期的表达量上调;p_05916和p_00478在抗性品系卵和4龄若虫期表达量很低,而在成虫期过量表达;而p_00059和p_00428在抗性品系雌成虫发育阶段表达量显著上调,其中编码CYP4C1的p_00059的差异表达倍数在雌成虫期约为15.15倍。【结论】表达谱芯片分析结果提示,CYP6和CYP4C1基因的过量表达可能会是烟粉虱抗性产生的机制之一。解毒代谢酶基因在烟粉虱不同发育阶段的特异性表达,可能与其在抵御杀虫剂胁迫时体内能量的分布及有效利用率有关,也可能是害虫在环境选择压下的一种适应机制。  相似文献   

6.
王利华  吴益东 《昆虫学报》2008,51(3):277-283
本研究明确了kdr突变和解毒代谢在B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci对高效氯氰菊酯抗性中的作用。B型烟粉虱NJ品系相对于烟粉虱敏感品系(SUD-S,非B型)对高效氯氰菊酯有266倍的抗性。对NJ品系用高效氯氰菊酯进行群体筛选获得抗性为811倍的NJ-R1品系,对NJ品系进行单对交配筛选获得抗性达2 634倍的NJ-R2品系。在NJ,NJ-R1和NJ-R2品系间,酯酶、多功能氧化酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性无显著差异,说明在筛选过程中解毒代谢没有发生变化。PASA检测结果表明,NJ-R2品系钠离子通道基因L925I突变(kdr突变)频率为100%,NJ-R1品系为80.6%,NJ品系为55%。由此可见,kdr突变频率的增加是B型烟粉虱种群对高效氯氰菊酯抗性上升的主要原因。在NJ,NJ-R1和NJ-R2品系中,增效醚(PBO)对高效氯氰菊酯的增效作用均为20倍左右,而PBO对SUD-S品系没有任何增效作用。PBO能同时抑制烟粉虱的多功能氧化酶和酯酶,通过与TPP增效作用进行对比表明,在B型烟粉虱中PBO所产生的增效作用主要来源于对酯酶的抑制。因此,B型烟粉虱品系(NJ-R2,NJ-R1和NJ)与非B型SUD-S品系相比存在20倍左右的先天抗性,该先天抗性主要与B型烟粉虱的特有酯酶有关。在B型烟粉虱品系对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性中,抗性水平完全由kdr突变频率高低所决定。  相似文献   

7.
可用于黑刺粉虱快速鉴定的SCAR分子标记技术   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
刘循  万方浩  张桂芬 《昆虫学报》2009,52(8):895-900
针对粉虱类害虫难以准确快速地进行形态鉴别的问题, 以局部发生的黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance)为对象, 采用特征序列扩增区域 (SCAR) 标记法, 研究其快速分子检测技术。利用SCAR标记技术获得了长度为987 bp的黑刺粉虱特异性片段 (GenBank登录号为FJ613323), 根据此片段的碱基序列设计黑刺粉虱特异性引物1对(AS-F518/AS-R938), 其扩增片段为421 bp。种特异性检验结果显示, 该对引物只对黑刺粉虱的基因组具有扩增能力, 对同域发生的桔绿粉虱 Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead)以及其他种类的粉虱如烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B型、Q型、ZHJ-1型和ZHJ-2型, 温室粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)以及螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus disperses (Russell)等的基因组不具有扩增效果。该引物不仅对成虫具有良好的扩增效能, 对卵、2龄若虫和拟蛹等亦具有同样的扩增能力, 其最低检出限为1/1 920头成虫。该技术体系的建立在茶树和柑桔苗木调运的害虫检疫和监测/检测中具有重要意义。  相似文献   

8.
褐飞虱和白背飞虱对几类杀虫剂的敏感性   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
为了科学用药和抗性治理提供理论基础, 采用稻茎浸渍法测定了2008年7月采自浙江省杭州市和宁波市褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性及褐飞虱和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)种群对16种杀虫剂的敏感性。褐飞虱抗药性测定结果表明, 与相对敏感品系相比, 杭州种群和宁波种群对吡虫啉的抗性倍数分别为479.0倍和366.1倍; 对氯噻啉的抗性倍数分别为81.1倍和50.9倍; 对噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为10.3倍和9.4倍; 对噻嗪酮和氟虫腈分别产生了5.0~8.6倍和15.8~17.0倍的抗药性; 对烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒的抗性倍数在3倍以下。两种稻飞虱对杀虫剂的敏感性测定结果表明: 噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、烯啶虫胺和毒死蜱对褐飞虱和白背飞虱种群都具有较高的室内毒力。当田间褐飞虱和白背飞虱混合发生时, 可选用噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、烯啶虫胺和毒死蜱进行防治, 不宜使用吡虫啉、氯噻啉和氟虫腈防治。  相似文献   

9.
烟粉虱对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的抗性机理   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
通过增效剂生物测定、生化分析以及钠离子通道基因ⅡS4-6 cDNA片段的RT-PCR扩增,探讨了烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的抗性机理。结果表明:对于采自田间的6个烟粉虱抗性品系,磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和胡椒基丁醚(PBO)对氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯均有显著的增效作用,而DEM对4种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂均无明显的增效作用。烟粉虱抗性品系的α-NA羧酸酯酶和β-NA羧酸酯酶活性分别是敏感品系的2.16~2.65倍和1.22~1.41倍,抗性品系的谷胱甘肽S转移酶活性与敏感品系没有差异,表明羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶在烟粉虱对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性中具有重要的作用,而谷胱甘肽S转移酶与抗性无关。通过RT-PCR克隆了6个烟粉虱田间抗性品系的钠离子通道结构域ⅡS4-6 cDNA片段的序列(420 bp),发现与敏感品系相比,有2个位点发生突变,分别为L925I突变和I917V突变,L925I突变在所有6个烟粉虱田间抗性种群中均有发生,该位点突变已被证实与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂密切相关,表明神经不敏感性可能是烟粉虱对拟除虫菊酯产生抗性的另一个重要因子。  相似文献   

10.
何玉仙  赵建伟  黄建  翁启勇  梁智生 《昆虫学报》2009,52(12):1373-1378
为了探讨烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci不同种群个体乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感性差异及其与抗药性的关系, 我们选用室内饲养的烟粉虱SUD S敏感品系和6个田间抗性种群, 采用酶标板酶动力学法测定了各品系 (种群)乙酰胆碱酯酶对抑制剂的敏感性反应以及抑制剂存在时各抗性种群个体乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布。结果表明: 在抑制剂浓度为300 μmol/L时, 敏感品系乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性基本上被完全抑制, 可以明显地区分敏感品系与田间抗性种群。在抑制剂浓度为2 000 μmol/L时, 各抗性种群个体乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布差异明显, 其中ZZ-R种群和FZ-R种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布相似, 大部分个体的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性分布在1.00~1.80 mOD/min之间; SM-R种群和ND-R种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布也相似, 大部分个体的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性分布在0.40~1.00 mOD/min之间; LY-R和NP-R种群大部分个体的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性分别分布在1.00~1.60 mOD/min和0.80~1.20 mOD/min之间。各抗性种群乙酰胆碱酯酶高残余活性 (大于1.00 mOD/min)个体频率与对敌敌畏的抗性水平之间具有明显相关性, 相关系数为0.86 (P<0.05)。考虑到乙酰胆碱酯酶对抑制剂作用不敏感是一些昆虫对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂抗性的重要机制之一, 建议可以将乙酰胆碱酯酶对敌敌畏的敏感性作为烟粉虱抗药性生化检测的一个参考指标。  相似文献   

11.
利用mtDNA COⅠ基因序列鉴定我国烟粉虱的生物型   总被引:81,自引:10,他引:71  
利用mtDNA COⅠ基因片段作标记,采用序列分析的方法,从分子生态学的角度研究了近年来在我国暴发危害的烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci 5个种群(北京一品红种群,广州甘蓝种群,西安一品红种群,北京西红柿种群和新疆吐鲁番棉花种群)的生物型。在5个种群的基因片段上,截取与Texas-B型相应的720bp的序列分析,结果表明所测序列中只有2个碱基与Texas-B型不同,序列相似性为99.7%;在西安一品红种群和新疆吐鲁番棉花种群的原序列中截取与Arizona-B型序列相应的423bp片段,分析表明这两个种群与AZB3型属于同一个单倍型。因此,我国烟粉虱5个实验种群的生物型与Texas-B型和Arizona-B型种群为同一生物型“B”。  相似文献   

12.
余昊  万方浩 《昆虫学报》2009,52(4):363-371
B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B和温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum均为全球普遍发生的重要害虫。本研究以其他昆虫热激蛋白90基因(hsp90)保守区域设计兼并引物扩增两种粉虱hsp90中间片段, 然后利用RACE技术获得全长cDNA。温室白粉虱hsp90全长cDNA的开放性阅读框2 166 bp, 编码722个氨基酸; 烟粉虱hsp90全长cDNA的开放性阅读框2 160 bp, 编码720个氨基酸。两种粉虱HSP90的完整氨基酸序列相似性高达92.94%, 并均具有定义HSP90家族签名序列的5个氨基酸保守区域和末尾基序“MEEVD”。通过real-time PCR技术, 探测到两个基因在mRNA水平上皆能高温诱导表达。采用昆虫纲所有完整HSP90氨基酸序列进行Kimura双参数遗传距离分析并构建NJ进化树, 结果显示hsp90在昆虫纲低级阶元水平和高级阶元水平系统进化上能得到一个较理想结果。本研究结果为B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱抗逆适应性研究提供基础, 并进一步验证保守的功能基因hsp90可以作为研究生物系统发育的手段之一  相似文献   

13.
Bemisia tabaci, an invasive pest that causes crop damage worldwide, is a highly differentiated species complex, divided into biotypes that have mainly been defined based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Although endosymbionts can potentially induce population differentiation, specialization and indirect selection on mtDNA, studies have largely ignored these influential passengers in B. tabaci, despite as many as seven bacterial endosymbionts have been identified. Here, we investigate the composition of the whole bacterial community in worldwide populations of B. tabaci, together with host genetic differentiation, focusing on the invasive B and Q biotypes. Among 653 individuals studied, more than 95% of them harbour at least one secondary endosymbiont, and multiple infections are very common. In addition, sequence analyses reveal a very high diversity of facultative endosymbionts in B. tabaci, with some bacterial genus being represented by more than one strain. In the B and Q biotypes, nine different strains of bacteria have been identified. The mtDNA‐based phylogeny of B. tabaci also reveals a very high nucleotide diversity that partitions the two ITS clades (B and Q) into six CO1 genetic groups. Each genetic group is in linkage disequilibrium with a specific combination of endosymbionts. All together, our results demonstrate the rapid dynamics of the bacterial endosymbiont–host associations at a small evolutionary scale, questioning the role of endosymbiotic communities in the evolution of the Bemisia tabaci species complex and strengthening the need to develop a metacommunity theory of inherited endosymbionts.  相似文献   

14.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions of Bemisia tabaci was used to distinguish cassava‐associated populations from other host‐associated populations. Endonuclease restriction profile analysis indicated that cassava‐associated populations from Africa represent a distinct group, with a significant level of separation into subgroups that were not linked to geographical origin. Analysis of molecular variance (amova ) revealed that a high proportion of the total genetic variation (47%) was attributable to among‐population differences within the host‐associated groups. Principal coordinate analysis supported the differentiation between the cassava and the non‐cassava group, a result which was in agreement with the cluster analysis of the restriction fragment profile. Internal transcribed spacer RFLP markers, especially SmaI, identified in this study can be used to monitor the spread of B. tabaci biotypes, especially of the more virulent biotype B that has so far not been reported in the cassava‐growing belt of Africa.  相似文献   

15.
Five different primer combinations were used for the analysis of 152 B biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) individuals and five Trialeurodes vaporairiorum individuals collected from 19 counties and seven host plants in Shanxi province in China, respectively. The main objective of the present study was to use AFLP markers to determine the genetic diversity of B. tabaci populations collected from Shanxi Province. The use of these primer combinations allowed the identification of 127 polymorphic bands (52.26%) from 60 to 500 bp. The average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 25.4 while the range for the five primers was 20–32. The average degree of heterozygosity was 0.251, while the range for the five primers was 0.204–0.289. The results suggested definite genetic diversity among different B. tabaci populations. Cluster analysis showed that B. tabaci populations were firstly scattered to three genetic groups according to the regions, then every genetic group was scattered to several subgroups according to the host plants, which revealed the genetic variability of B biotype B. tabaci populations has been not only among different regions, but also among different host plants in Shanxi Province.  相似文献   

16.
In the present study, genetic differentiation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype Q was analyzed based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mt COI) gene sequence. The results showed that B. tabaci biotype Q could be separated into two subclades, which were labeled as subclades Q1 and Q2. Subclade Q1 was probably indigenous to the regions around the Mediterranean area and subclade Q2 to Israel or Cyprus. It was because B. tabaci was composed of several genetically distinct groups with a strong geographical association between more closely related biotypes. Not all of the B. tabaci biotype Q in the non‐Mediterranean countries come from the same regions. Until now, all B. tabaci biotype Q in China were grouped into subclade Q1. The B. tabaci biotype Q introduced into the US included both subclades Q1 and Q2. The genetic structure analysis showed higher genetic variation of subclade Q1 than that of subclade Q2.  相似文献   

17.
Five different primer combinations were used for the analysis of 152 B biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) individuals and five Trialeurodes vaporairiorum individuals collected from 19 counties and seven host plants in Shanxi province in China, respectively. The main objective of the present study was to use AFLP markers to determine the genetic diversity of B. tabaci populations collected from Shanxi Province. The use of these primer combinations allowed the identification of 127 polymorphic bands (52.26%) from 60 to 500 bp. The average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 25.4 while the range for the five primers was 20–32. The average degree of heterozygosity was 0.251, while the range for the five primers was 0.204–0.289. The results suggested definite genetic diversity among different B. tabaci populations. Cluster analysis showed that B. tabaci populations were firstly scattered to three genetic groups according to the regions, then every genetic group was scattered to several subgroups according to the host plants, which revealed the genetic variability of B biotype B. tabaci populations has been not only among different regions, but also among different host plants in Shanxi Province.  相似文献   

18.
Thiamethoxam has been used as a key insecticide to control the whitefly, B‐type Bemisia tabaci, for several years in China with no known cases of resistance in field populations. To evaluate the risk of resistance, a field population was collected and resistant strains were developed by exposure to thiamethoxam in the laboratory. After selection for 36 generation, a strain with 60‐fold resistance was successfully identified. Fitness analysis by constructing life tables, demonstrated that resistant B‐type whiteflies had obvious fitness disadvantages in their development and reproduction. The fitness of resistant B‐type whiteflies decreased dramatically, to only one‐half that of the susceptible strain. Some changes in the morphological characteristics of the resistant strain were observed. The lengths of first, second and third instars of the resistant strain were significantly smaller than those of the susceptible strain, and the width of the first and the fourth instars were also significantly smaller than in the susceptible strain. Our results suggest that the B‐type B. tabaci has the potential to develop high resistance to thiamethoxam, and that the resistance changed the morphology of the insects. The slow development of resistance and the lower fitness of resistant B. tabaci strains may result in a quick recovery of sensitivity when the population is no longer in contact with thiamethoxam in the field.  相似文献   

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