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1.
异色瓢虫成虫耐寒能力的季节性变化   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
赵静  于令媛  李敏  郑方强  张帆  许永玉 《昆虫学报》2008,51(12):1271-1278
为研究异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis自然种群耐寒能力的季节性变化,测定了其过冷却点、体内含水量及总脂肪含量和低温存活力。结果表明:异色瓢虫成虫低温存活力呈现出明显的季节性变化,越冬前成虫的耐寒性显著强于夏季成虫和越冬后成虫。冷驯化(5℃, 5 d)可以显著提高夏季成虫的低温存活力。雌雄成虫过冷却点和体内含水量随气温的降低而降低,升高而升高。过冷却点7月份最高,分别为−7.6℃和−8.0℃;越冬中期(2008-01-15)最低,分别为−18.1℃ 和−16.9℃。雌雄成虫体内含水量9月份最高,分别为66.87%和68.01%,10月份显著降低,越冬后期(2008-02-19)最低,分别为52.94%和51.53%。越冬期间过冷却点和体内含水量显著低于其他时期。而雌雄成虫体内总脂肪含量在越冬开始就达到最高,分别为50.07%和47.93%,随后又逐渐降低,越冬期间显著高于其他时期。由此可知异色瓢虫自然种群的耐寒性呈现出明显的季节性变化,文中还就异色瓢虫自然种群耐寒性影响因素及其越冬策略进行了讨论。  相似文献   

2.
红褐斑腿蝗的食物消耗与利用及其对温度的依赖性   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
昆虫是变温动物 ,外界温度的波动会影响昆虫的体温 ,这也必然会影响昆虫的新陈代谢 ,从而引起一系列生理生化反应。红褐斑腿蝗 [Catantopspin guis(Stal) ]是浙江农田常见的蝗类害虫 ,分布广 ,数量多 ,常为害玉米 (Zeamays)、豆类 (Glycinemax)及茶树 (Camlliasinensis)。据作者观察 ,该种蝗虫常以成虫越冬 ,而浙江省冬季最冷的 1月份平均气温为 2 5~ 7 5℃ ,极端低温多年平均在 - 8℃以下。文献研究表明 ,红褐斑腿蝗的过冷却点可达 - 2 0℃以下 (有关结果拟另文发表 ) ,显示其具…  相似文献   

3.
为阐明越冬期间始红蝽应对低温胁迫的耐寒策略及其影响因素,从生理生化水平探讨始红蝽成虫的耐寒能力,逐月测定了12月至翌年3月始红蝽低温驯化前后的过冷却点、低温存活率、LT_(50)以及始红蝽体内耐寒物质含量。结果表明,越冬期间始红蝽自然种群过冷却点最低为(-14.01±0.53)℃,-5、-10℃驯化30min后的始红蝽过冷却点最低降至为(-19.32±0.86)℃、(-25.56±1.09)℃。0℃驯化30min后暴露于-5、-10、-15℃1h的最高存活率依次为100%、39.1%±8.6%、10%;始红蝽自然种群LT_(50)最低为-8.53℃,0℃驯化后降至-9.21℃。越冬期间雌雄始红蝽体内自由水/结合水比值和游离蛋白质含量先下降后上升,12月达到最大值,雌雄分别为144.50±26.22和140.32±21.92,(15.81±0.10)mg/g和(15.47±0.01)mg/g;脂肪、海藻糖和甘油含量先上升后下降,2月达到最大值,雌雄脂肪含量分别为(16.33±0.48)mg/g和(13.15±1.32)mg/g,海藻糖含量分别为(11.98±0.01)mg/g和(10.88±0.02)mg/g,甘油含量分别为(14.74±0.01)mg/g和(15.06±0.03)mg/g。研究证明,低温驯化后始红蝽的过冷却点和LT_(50)明显降低,低温存活率显著提高,越冬期间始红蝽可通过调整体内抗逆物质含量以增强虫体耐寒能力。  相似文献   

4.
为明确红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens LeConte的耐寒能力以及主要耐寒物质,对越冬期幼虫和成虫的过冷却点及冰点进行了测定,同时对越冬期及非越冬期幼虫和成虫体内的抗冻保护物质进行了测定.结果表明,越冬期幼虫和成虫的过冷却点差异不显著,分别为-18.34±0.26℃和-18.59±0.63℃,冰点差异显著,分别为-10.17±0.36℃和-15.90±0.70.越冬期幼虫体内脂肪、甘油、海藻糖和山梨醇含量均显著高于非越冬期幼虫,水分、糖原和蛋白质含量差异不显著;越冬期成虫体内糖原、甘油、海藻糖和山梨醇含量均显著高于非越冬期成虫,水分、脂肪和蛋白质含量差异不显著.甘油、海藻糖、山梨醇是红脂大小蠹幼虫和成虫的主要抗冻保护物质,在越冬过程中发挥重要作用;此外,脂肪在红脂大小蠹幼虫越冬过程中也发挥重要作用,糖原在红脂大小蠹成虫越冬过程中发挥重要作用.  相似文献   

5.
为评价pH对红褐斑腿蝗Catantops pinguis (Stål)中肠蛋白酶活性的影响, 本文用3种专性底物测定了不同pH环境下蝗虫中肠类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶的活性。结果表明: 雄性红褐斑腿蝗中肠肠液的pH值为6.92±0.043, 雌性为7.03±0.054, 两性间差异不显著(P>0.05)。并且发现3种蛋白酶的最适pH值各不相同, 其中雌雄虫的强碱性类胰蛋白酶(以BAPNA为底物)最适pH分别为8.5和10.5; 雌雄虫的弱碱性类胰蛋白酶(以TAME为底物)最适pH分别为9.0和9.5; 而雌雄虫的类胰凝乳蛋白酶(以BTEE为底物)最适pH雌性为8.5, 雄性为8.0。统计结果显示, pH对红褐斑腿蝗中肠蛋白酶活性影响显著(P<0.01), 两性间蛋白酶活性差异显著(P<0.01)。在最适pH情况下, 雌性的类胰蛋白酶活性高于雄性, 而类胰凝乳蛋白酶活性则是雄性高于雌性。在中肠pH范围内雌性比雄性具有更高的消化蛋白酶活性, 显示雌性具有较强的食物处理能力以摄取更多的营养物质为繁殖活动(孕卵)作准备, 而该种蝗虫最适pH范围较宽, 可能与其取食植物范围较宽有关。  相似文献   

6.
为比较桃小食心虫Carposina niponensis Walsingham越冬过程中种群耐寒性的差异, 本文研究了其结茧和裸露幼虫自然种群的耐寒性,分别测定了不同时期桃小食心虫越冬幼虫过冷却点、体内含水量、总脂肪、总蛋白和总糖含量。结果表明:从10月至翌年2月份结茧和裸露越冬幼虫的过冷却点、结冰点、总蛋白含量、总糖和总脂肪含量及结茧幼虫的含水量均呈下降趋势。裸露幼虫含水量持续增加,在2月达到最高61.42%,在其存活的整个时期的含水量高于同时期结茧幼虫含水量。裸露幼虫的总糖含量持续降低,在2月份含量达到最低(0.65 μg/mg),存活的整个时期显著低于同时期的结茧幼虫总糖含量。在裸露幼虫存活的整个时期总蛋白含量和总脂肪含量都和结茧幼虫没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在越冬过程中, 裸露幼虫体内高含水量和低含糖量可能是其不能正常越冬的原因。  相似文献   

7.
李鸿昌  王征  陈永林 《生态学报》1987,7(4):331-338
为了进一步明确蝗虫类群在草原生态系统内的功能作用,在内蒙古锡林河流域典型草原益和乌拉山地区,依蝗虫发生季节的次序,先后研究了3种优势蝗虫(毛足棒角蝗、宽须蚁蝗、亚州小车蝗)成虫群体在自然变温条件下取食羊草的食物消耗量和利用能力问题。 本文首先提出了群体饲育时,蝗虫个体平均寿命的计算式: (?)=sum from n=i-1 to (?) i·N_i/N_t 式中,i=个体寿命的天数;N_i=寿命为i的个体数,N_t=蝗虫实验种群的个体总数。 据上式计算得出3种蝗虫个体平均寿命,毛足棒角蝗:雄性为38.2±2.8天、雌性为31.4±2.2天;宽须蚁蝗:雄性为40.9±2.3天、雌性为30.2±1.6天、亚洲小车蝗:雄性为52.6±0.7天、雌性为40.6±2.3天。 3种蝗虫在其成虫历期内,平均个体累积食量玩 (干重,克)为:毛足棒角蝗的雄性为0.607±0.059、雌性为0.643±0.084;宽须蚁蝗的雄性为0.303±0.022、雌性为0.340±0.037;亚洲小车蝗的雄性为1.414±0.180、雌性为2.933±0.186。在不同蝗种间,其平均个体累积食量的差异显著(P<0.01)。 3种蝗虫的雌性个体的近似消化力(A.D.)均显著高于同种的雌性个体(p<0.01);季节发生早的蝗种之近似消化力相对高于较晚期发生的种类(毛足棒角蝗>宽须蚁蚁蝗>亚洲小车蝗)。对摄入食物的转换效率(E.C.I.,E.C.D.),则同种内的雌性个体均显著高于雄性(p<0.01);不同蝗种间,以个体最小、在中期发生的宽须蚁蝗对摄入食物的转换效率为最高。  相似文献   

8.
为研究寄主植物对桃小食心虫越冬幼虫体内耐寒性物质的影响,测定了苹果、酸枣、枣、梨和山楂5种寄主植物上采集的桃小食心虫越冬幼虫过冷却点、体内含水量、总脂肪、总蛋白和总糖含量.结果表明:5种果实上采集到的桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的过冷却点(SCP)和结冰点(FP)存在显著差异,均值分别在-15.53~-8.50℃和-11.31~-4.04℃.其中取食山楂的幼虫SCP、FP和糖原含量最高,含水量最低;取食苹果的SCP、FP、糖原和总脂肪含量最低,含水量和总蛋白含量最高;取食梨的桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的鲜质量最高;取食枣的桃小食心虫的总脂肪含量最高,总蛋白含量和鲜质量最低.  相似文献   

9.
为研究桃小食心虫Carposina niponensis Walsingham自然种群过冷却能力的变化动态,从生理生化水平上探讨桃小食心虫幼虫耐寒机制,测定了桃小食心虫幼虫在越冬前后不同月份的过冷却点、体内含水量、脂肪、蛋白和糖原的含量。结果表明:桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的过冷却点(super-cooling point, SCP)和结冰点(freezing point, FP)随越冬期温度降低而逐渐降低, 并在冬季过后随温度升高而逐渐升高,其中在3月份时最低,分别为-14.89℃和-9.95℃,显著低于其它月份。幼虫体内含水量、总蛋白含量、糖原含量在越冬前后变化趋势与SCP变化相似并且各自又有不同的特点,但在2月份时都达最低,分别为44.83%、32.44μg/mg、1.95μg/mg。幼虫体内的总脂肪含量由越冬初期(2008-10)的29.04%逐渐降低至越冬后期(2009-06)的15.56%。结果说明桃小食心虫幼虫越冬过程中体内水分、总蛋白、糖原等生化物质含量的变化与其抗寒能力存在一定的联系,显示了其对冬季温度变化的生态适应。  相似文献   

10.
美国白蛾越冬蛹的过冷却能力、体内水分及脂肪含量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对美国白蛾(Hyphantrian cunea)越冬蛹在越冬过程中过冷却能力、体内水分及脂肪含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:在越冬过程中,美国白蛾雌、雄蛹的抗寒能力呈现出相似的变化趋势, 即其抗寒能力随越冬期温度降低而逐渐增强, 并在冬季过后随温度升高而逐渐减弱.越冬期不同阶段越冬蛹体内水分、脂肪含量及过冷却点(SCP)和结冰点(FP)有所不同.其中,越冬前期和中期的SCP显著低于越冬后期,FP没有显著性差异;越冬中期蛹体内含水量最高,显著高于越冬前期和后期.越冬蛹的SCP和FP均显著低于非越冬蛹,体内水分和总脂肪含量均明显高于非越冬蛹.经回归分析,雌、雄蛹体内含水量与其SCP呈
较好的负相关关系(P<0.05).  相似文献   

11.
The sub-Antarctic beetle Hydromedion sparsutum (Coleoptera, Perimylopidae) is common locally on the island of South Georgia where sub-zero temperatures can be experienced in any month of the year. Larvae were known to be weakly freeze tolerant in summer with a mean supercooling point (SCP) around -4 degrees C and a lower lethal temperature of -10 degrees C (15min exposure). This study investigated the effects of successive freezing exposures on the SCP and subsequent survival of summer acclimatised larvae. The mean SCP of field fresh larvae was -4.2+/-0.2 degrees C with a range from -1.0 to -6.1 degrees C. When larvae were cooled to -6.5 degrees C on 10 occasions at intervals of 30min and one and four days, survival was 44, 70 and 68%, respectively. The 'end of experiment' SCP of larvae surviving 10 exposures at -6.5 degrees C showed distinct changes and patterns from the original field population depending on the interval between exposure. In the 30min interval group, most larvae froze between -6 and -8 degrees C, a depression of up to 6 degrees C from the original sample; all larvae were dead when cooling was continued below the SCP to -12 degrees C. In the one and four day interval groups, most larvae froze above -6 degrees C, showing no change as a result of the 10 exposures at -6.5 degrees C. As with the 30min interval group, some larvae froze below -6 degrees C, but with a wider range, and again, all were dead when cooled to -12 degrees C. However, in the one and four day interval groups, some larvae remained unfrozen when cooled to -12 degrees C, a depression of their individual SCP of at least 6 degrees C, and were alive 24h after cooling. In a further experiment, larvae were cooled to their individual SCP temperature at daily intervals on 10 occasions to ensure that every larva froze every day. Most larvae which showed a depression of their SCP of 2-4 degrees C from their day one value became moribund or died after six or seven freezing events. Survival was highest in larvae with SCPs of -2 to -3 degrees C on day one and which froze at this level on all 10 occasions. The results indicate that in larvae in which the SCP is lowered following sub-zero exposure, the depression of the SCP is greatest in individuals that do not actually freeze. Further, the data suggest that after successive frost exposures in early winter the larval population may become segregated into two sub-populations with different overwintering strategies. One group consists of larvae that freeze consistently in the temperature range from -1 to -3 degrees C and can survive multiple freeze-thaw cycles. A second group with lower initial SCPs (around -6 degrees C), or which fall to this level or lower (down to -12 degrees C) after freezing on one or more occasions, are less likely to freeze through extended supercooling, but more likely to die if freezing occurs.  相似文献   

12.
J.-F. David    G. Vannier 《Journal of Zoology》1996,240(4):599-608
The supercooling points (SCPs) of a field population of Polyzonium germanicum were measured at different stages in the life cycle. There was no post-freezing survival under the experimental conditions used. The mean SCP was -26.2 ° C for eggs and increased to -18.2 ° C for juveniles of stadium III experiencing their first winter. From stadium V onwards, SCP varied considerably among individuals, ranging from -22.7 to -4.7 ° C. SCP was shown to increase significantly with body size in both sexes. Seasonal changes also occurred in males, SCP being lower in autumn-winter than in spring-summer. Measurements from a sample starved in the laboratory showed that the winter decrease could result from starvation affecting a proportion of males in the field. There was no relationship between the SCP and relative water content of individuals. After starvation in the laboratory, however, there was a relationship between the SCP and relative fat content of males. The results show that freezing is not a significant threat to the field population studied, with the possible exception of the largest overwintering females.  相似文献   

13.
中华通草蛉成虫抗寒能力季节性变化   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
郭海波  许永玉  鞠珍  李明贵 《生态学报》2006,26(10):3238-3244
中华通草蛉(Chrysoperla sinica)成虫在自然条件下抗寒能力的季节性变化研究表明,雌、雄成虫的抗寒能力均呈现出季节性的变化趋势,即随着冬季低温的到来,其抗寒能力逐渐增强,冬季过后又随气温的回升,其抗寒力逐渐减弱.雌、雄成虫的体内含水量、过冷却点(SCP)和结冰点(FP)均随气温的降低而降低,升高而升高,但体内总脂肪的含量却随气温的降低而升高,升高而降低.越冬代在越冬的前期和中期,雌、雄成虫体内的含水量和SCP均显著低于生长季节的其它各代,越冬代后期的含水量和SCP与生长季节其它各代没有显著差异.经回归分析发现,雌、雄成虫体内含水量与SCP之间均存在极显著负相关关系(p<0.01);越冬代成虫(特别是越冬前期)的体内总脂肪含量显著高于其它时期,并且雌成虫体内的总脂肪含量与SCP之间呈显著正相关(p<0.05),雄成虫体内总脂肪含量与SCP之间没有显著相关性(p>0.05).在一年的不同世代中,雌、雄成虫体内含水量只是在越冬前期有显著差异,SCP和体内总脂肪含量却在越冬后期有显著差异.  相似文献   

14.
The present study was undertaken to investigate energy balance in professional male breath-hold divers in Tsushima Island, Japan. In 4 divers, rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures and rate of O2 consumption (VO2) were measured during diving work in summer (27 degrees C water) and winter (14 degrees C water). Thermal insulation and energy costs of diving work were estimated. In summer, comparisons were made of subjects clad either in wet suits (protected) or in swimming trunks (unprotected), and in winter, they wore wet suits. The average Tre in unprotected divers decreased to 36.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C at the end of 1-h diving work, but in protected divers it decreased to 37.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C in 2 h in summer and to 36.9 +/- 0.1 degree C in 1.5 h in winter. The average Tsk of unprotected divers decreased to 28.0 +/- 0.6 degrees C in summer and that of protected divers decreased to 32.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C in summer and 28.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C in winter. Average VO2 increased 190% (from 370 ml/min before diving to 1,070 ml/min) in unprotected divers in summer, but in protected divers it rose 120% (from 360 to 780 ml/min) in summer and 110% (from 330 to 690 ml/min) in winter. Overall thermal insulation (tissue and wet suit) calculated for protected divers was 0.065 +/- 0.006 degree C X kcal-1 X m-2 X h-1 in summer and 0.135 +/- 0.019 degree C X kcal-1 X m-2 X h-1 in winter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.
越冬期不同阶段二点委夜蛾越冬幼虫耐寒性变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone (Moschler)是我国夏玉米苗期的新害虫,随着耕作制度的改变,二点委夜蛾的发生危害区域和面积逐渐扩大。本研究探讨二点委夜蛾的抗寒能力,为揭示抗寒机理提供理论基础。【方法】分别在越冬期的3个不同阶段,即越冬初期(2012年11月7日)、越冬期(2012年1月20日)和越冬末期(2013年3月5日),对二点委夜蛾老熟幼虫的体重、过冷却点(supercooling point, SCP)、结冰点(freezing point, FP)、含水量、脂肪和糖原含量进行测定。【结果】过冷却点在这3个时期有显著差异,最低值(-23.16±0.38℃)出现在1月份,最高值(-16.24±1.24℃)出现在越冬初期,结冰点变化趋势与过冷却点一致。通过定量检测发现,虫体鲜重与过冷却点无相关性(r=0.17, P=0.12);脂肪含量在越冬初期含量最高,而在越冬末期最低;糖原含量在越冬期含量最低;自由水的含量随着过冷却能力升高而降低,随其降低而升高,而结合水含量恰好相反。【结论】二点委夜蛾的抗寒性在越冬期不同阶段出现明显的变化,即随着冬季低温的到来,其抗寒能力逐渐增强,冬季过后又随气温的回升,其抗寒力逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

16.
Eastern red spotted newts, as aquatic adults, are active year round. They are small and easy to handle, and thus lent themselves to a laboratory study of seasonal changes in preferred body temperature and biochemical acclimatization. We collected newts in summer (n=20), late fall (n=10) and winter (n=5). Ten each of the summer and late fall newts were subjected to an aquatic thermal gradient. Summer newts maintained higher cloacal temperatures than late fall newts (26.8+/-0.5 degrees C and 17.2+/-0.4 degrees C, respectively). In addition, the activity of three muscle metabolic enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) was studied in all newts collected. Newts compensated for lower late fall and winter temperatures by increasing the activity of CCO during those seasons over that in summer newts at all assay temperatures (8, 16 and 26 degrees C). The activity of CS was greater in winter over summer newts at 8 and 16 degrees C. No seasonal differences in LDH activity were demonstrated. These data in newts indicate that this amphibian modifies some muscle metabolic enzymes in relation to seasonal changes and can modify its behavioral in a way that correlates with those biochemical changes.  相似文献   

17.
松突圆蚧种群耐寒性的季节变化   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用过冷却点、低温暴露死亡率、冷识别温度和致死中低温累积等指标评价不同季节松突圆蚧的耐寒性.结果表明:各季节松突圆蚧的过冷却点波动在-22.4~-3.1 ℃之间,以冬季雌成虫的平均过冷却点最低(-14.83 ℃),显著低于夏季雌成虫、冬季1龄若虫和初孵若虫(P<0.01),但其它发育阶段在冬、夏季之间均无显著差异;冬季1龄若虫、2龄性分化前若虫、2龄性分化后雄若虫、雌成虫和种群总体在-20~0 ℃下的死亡率、冷识别温度和致死中低温累积均明显低于夏季;1龄若虫、2龄性分化后雄若虫和种群总体的致死中低温累积与季节性平均气温均呈显著正相关(R>R0.05=0.950,n-2=2),但各发育阶段的过冷却点与其致死中低温累积的相关性均未达显著水平.松突圆蚧冬季种群耐寒性最强,夏季种群最弱;该虫耐寒性的这一季节适应性并不依赖于过冷却点,而与气温的季节变化密切相关.  相似文献   

18.
Kost;l V 《Cryobiology》1993,30(5):524-531
Supercooling point (SCP) values and cold-hardiness were measured in individual ontogenetic stages of Delia radicum (Diptera:Anthomyiidae) in various physiological states (winter diapause, summer quiescence, and normal development). Winter diapause-destined mature third-instar larvae had a lower SCP (-9.9 degrees C) than their nondiapause counterparts (-5.2 degrees C), and more of them survived exposure to -10 degrees C for 5 h to pupariation and adult emergence. Values of SCPs were equal in both diapause and nondiapause states of prepupal and pupal stages. The lowest SCP (ca. -20 degrees C) was found in the stage of phanerocephalic pupa (PCP) regardless of the physiological state. The cold-hardiness of PCP corresponded with a low SCP value only in diapausing pupae stored for 80 days at 3 degrees C and in pupae which had terminated their diapause and whose further development was inhibited by storage at low temperatures (3 degrees C). Such pupae survived exposure to temperatures close to their SCP (14 days at -17 degrees C). However, this high cold-hardiness was only acquired after some time and/or exposure to 3 degrees C, as the PCP at the beginning of diapause showed significantly impaired cold-hardiness despite the fact that their SCP was low. The cold-hardiness of nondiapausing PCP did not correspond at all to that of low SCP, as no pupa survived the exposure to -17 degrees C for 1 day; survival rates at temperatures of -13.5 and -10 degrees C were also remarkably lower than those in diapausing pupae. Cold-hardiness in D. radicum was closely connected with the diapause syndrome but the changes in SCP value corresponded rather with the ontogeny of this insect. Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press.  相似文献   

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