水杨酸处理对采后园艺产品的作用

本文结合作者自己的研究结果,综述了水杨酸对园艺产品的采后作用（包括延长切花保鲜期、减轻果实腐烂、推迟洋葱等产品的发芽和对果蔬产品贮藏期间品质、呼吸速率、乙烯释放、抗逆、活性氧代谢方面影响）的研究进展,并对这些结果进行了分析;对高浓度外源SA处理引起的负面作用以及存在的一些问题进行了探讨。     

用废啤酒酵母制备碱不溶性葡聚糖的研究

研究了用碱法及酶－碱法从啤酒厂排弃的酵母泥中制备碱不溶性葡聚糖的工艺。对NaOH及蛋白酶用量的影响,NaOH作用时间、浓度、作用次数等因素的影响进行了较系统的探讨。先用蛋白酶处理酵母可减少NaOH用量从而减轻环境污染。对多糖产品进行了定性定量分析,得到的产品主要为β（1→3）-D-葡聚糖。     

转基因产品标准物质概述

2008年国家启动转基因植物新品种培育重大专项,同时,开展了转基因产品标准物质研制工作,介绍了转基因产品标准物质的概念和作用、种类及其优缺点、研制现状,对今后的标准物质研制工作的重点进行了展望。     

宏基因组测序法检测市售益生菌产品的菌种组成

目的：通过微生物宏基因组测序方法检测10种市售益生菌产品的菌种组成。方法：从益生菌产品中直接提取微生物宏基因组DNA,采用第二代高通量基因测序方法进行宏基因组测序,对测序结果进行生物信息学分析,确定每种产品中益生菌的菌种组成以及相对丰度。结果：所检测的10种产品中,仅有2种产品的检测结果与产品说明中所标注的菌种组成完全相符,其他产品均与各自标注有不符合之处,主要表现为菌种缺失或（和）含有其他混杂菌种。两次独立抽样检测结果一致。结论：监管部门需要对益生菌产品质量进行严格监控,而微生物宏基因组测序技术为监管部门提供了一个检测益生菌产品菌种组成的新方法。     

柑橘用植物生长调节剂的登记与安全施用

为了加强植物生长调节剂在柑橘生产上的安全使用,对其登记信息现状的全面了解是非常有必要的.鉴于此,本文检索了目前在中国农药信息网上登记的产品,并对有效期内可用于柑橘生产的植物生长调节剂的种类、剂型与功效进行科学统计和分析,进一步提出安全施用建议及展望.结果表明,当前所登记的柑橘植物生长调节剂产品总共有75个,有效成分主要以单剂为主,产品有65个,占86.67%;剂型有12类,以可溶液剂和乳油为主,占46.7%;功效主要包含调节生长、增产、催熟、控梢、矮化、杀虫、促进生长、抗逆等作用.该结果为植物生长调节剂产业健康发展与柑橘的绿色生产提供参考.     

浅析护发品与头发的化学关系

综述护发品与头发之间的关系,通过分析头发的组成将护发产品中的有效成分和作用机理进行概括阐述。蛋白质及其衍生物对头发的二硫键的影响,使产品具有更好的亲和性、调理性以及顺滑性。预测植物蛋白衍生物将广泛应用于护发产品中。     

山羊乳腺生物反应器表达人促红细胞生成素的分离纯化

以离子交换、疏水作用、HPLC和凝胶过滤层析等方法对山羊乳腺生物反应器表达的人促红细胞生成素 (erythropoietin ,EPO)进行了分离纯化 ,初步探讨了其分离工艺 ,结果得到了纯度达到 96%以上的纯品 ,所纯化的EPO分子质量为 32kDa ,糖基化程度根据理论分子质量测算为40 %。Western blot证明所得纯化产品具有天然EPO免疫原性 ,N端氨基酸序列测定与文献报道一致 ,ELISA检测免疫活性为 2 4 0 0 0 0IU mg,表明通过 4步纯化步骤可以得到高纯度的产品 ,为今后工艺放大提供了有力的实验依据。     

中国芦荟研究开发的趋势与关键技术问题

以芦荟的生物学特性为基础,结合新近国内外芦荟科学研究成果,对我国芦荟产业的战略定位与发展方向进行了分析,提出了芦荟产业的属性是健康产业;芦荟保健与生物医药功能性产品的研究开发与应用是芦荟产业发展的方向。根据我国芦荟产业的现状与发展经历对我国芦荟产业发展的规律进行了探讨,提出我国芦荟产业链应该从目前的大宗食品、日化产品向保健品、药品延伸以充分利用芦荟的生物功能,创造更高的社会、经济价值。最后指出芦荟作用的物质基础、作用机理、组-效关系的研究、芦荟产品质量控制是芦荟深层次开发,产品升级换代,实现中国芦荟产业科学发展急需解决的关键技术问题,本文的观点与建议为促进我国芦荟产业科学、健康、快速发展提供了有价值的参考。     

人心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白检测试剂盒的临床评价

目的评价人心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)检测试剂盒(胶体金法)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)诊断中的价值。方法采用平行、盲法、对照的对比试验设计,比较其试验产品和对比产品对诊断AMI的敏感性、特异性、准确性。结果共测定240份临床血液标本。试验产品和对比产品的阳性符合率为100%,阴性符合率为96.15%,总符合率为97.92%。对比产品和试验产品结果不一致的5例标本以临床诊断结果为标准进行验证后,试验产品与临床诊断结果的阳性符合率为100%,总符合率为100%。采用Kappa检验考核两种产品测定结果的一致性,Kappa指数为0.958。经McNamara's test分析,两产品之间无差异,χ2=3.20,P>0.05。结论试验产品显示出较好的诊断价值,可以作为AMI早期诊断标志物,试验产品与对比产品等效。     

阿维菌素对南方小花蝽的毒杀作用

在室内条件下,研究了阿维菌素两种产品对南方小花蝽的毒杀效果.结果表明,两种产品对南方小花蝽不同虫态均有一定的毒杀作用.成虫、若虫对阿维菌素的敏感性基本相同,而卵的敏感性最低.阿维菌素对南方小花蝽除有直接的毒杀作用外,对其捕食能力也有一定影响.     

采后果蔬对乙烯受体抑制剂的响应及贮运保鲜技术的研究

近几年来 ,随着重氮环戊二烯和环丙烯类等乙烯受体抑制剂的发现 ,为控制乙烯敏感型的果蔬采后成熟、衰老提供新的技术手段。从乙烯受体抑制剂的特性、作用特点以及可能作用机理等方面概述了采后果蔬对乙烯受体抑制剂的响应和应用乙烯受体抑制剂延长采后果蔬贮运保鲜的技术。     

Kinetics of inhibition of polyphenol oxidase mediated browning in apple juice by beta-cyclodextrin and L-ascorbate-2-triphosphate

Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) mediated browning in raw fruits and vegetables is a major cause of quality deterioration in fruits and vegetables and derived food products. Here the rate of browning reaction in apple juice treated individually and in combination (1:1) of beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and L-Ascorbate-2-triphosphate (L-AATP) is described. It was observed that the rate of quinone formation can be minimized using a combination of beta-CD and L-AATP as compared to individual treatment with these agents. Kinetic experiments revealed that both compounds are non-competitive inhibitors of PPO.     

Effect of postharvest salicylic acid treatment on fungal decay and some postharvest quality factors of kiwi fruit

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) treatment at different concentrations on fungal decay and some quality factors of kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward) in postharvest conditions were studied. Results experiment showed that SA at all applied concentrations inhibited grey mould growth. The SA application significantly decreased weight loss percentage and increased life storage fruits. Also, SA positively affected on postharvest quality factors including total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), antioxidant, ascorbic acid and pH value. It was observed that treated fruits with SA at concentration 5?mM had the highest TSS, TA, ascorbic acid and antioxidant content and it had the lowest decay and acidity. Thus, these results showed that SA has strong impact on postharvest decay and fruit quality of kiwi fruit.     

水杨酸（SA）对果实成熟的影响

水杨酸是一种天然抑制剂,对植物有多种多样的作用,新近研究报道,它是乙烯生物合成的一种新的抑制剂。本文用水杨酸处理番茄、苹果、梨等果实,储藏在室温下,不时检查SA对果实贮存保鲜的影响。其结果表明SA处理的果实,PG活性比对照低,而硬度大,抗病力强。番茄,苹果和梨的无病好果率比对照果提高10％以上。上述结果证明,用SA处理绿熟番茄及梨和苹果,能有效保存果实新鲜,增强抗病力和延长货架的寿命。     

Salicylic acid induced resistance in fruits to combat against postharvest pathogens: a review

Salicylic acid (SA), the plant hormone, is extensively involved in signalling pathway, primarily in defence to induced local and systemic resistances in fruits against postharvest pathogens. Exogenous application of SA on fruits at optimum or non-toxic concentration provided efficient control of decay caused by postharvest pathogens. SA has direct fungitoxic effect on pathogen growth. This review scrutinises the control of various postharvest diseases by the application of SA on different fruits. Furthermore, physiological mechanism involved in inducing resistance is also discussed. These findings are necessary for understanding the proper function of SA in harvested fruits. In future, there is a need to correlate the efficacy of SA with environmental conditions and should emphasise on molecular paths involved in signalling of induce resistance.     

Dietary Exposure Assessment of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Town of Kapan,Armenia

Fruits and vegetables grown under the impact of Armenia’s mining industry are widely sold in markets of adjacent towns. As the share of fruits and vegetables in Armenians’ diet is significant, the present study aims to assess the dietary exposure of potentially toxic trace elements through the intake of fruits and vegetables sold in Kapan town, located in the biggest mining region of Armenia. The concentrations of Cu, Mo, Ni, Cr, Pb, Zn, Hg, As, and Cd in 15 types of fruits and vegetables were determined. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were assessed. Although the estimated daily intakes of trace elements for each studied food item did not exceed health-based guidelines values, in case of the combined consumption of fruits and vegetables estimated cumulative daily intakes exceeded reference doses for Cu and Mo. Moreover, carcinogenic risk for the majority of fruits and vegetables exceeded the EPA recommended risk level of 10⁻⁶, indicating adverse health effect to local population. The outcomes of this study can serve as a basis for further research that will consider many other exposure pathways (i.e., inhalation or dermal pathways) in order to ensure the safety of the residents living under the impact of mining industry.

     

果蔬采后诱导抗病性

诱导抗病性是生物防治的途径之一 ,本文综述了诱导抗病性在果蔬采后病害防治中的研究进展 ,包括多种物理性、化学性和生物性激发子对许多采后果蔬抗病性的诱导以及诱导抗病性产生的机制 ,并分析它在果蔬防腐保鲜上的应用前景。     

果蔬采后诱导抗病性

诱导抗病性是生物防治的途径之一,本文综述了诱导抗病性在果蔬采后病害防治中的研究进展,包括多种物理性、化学性和生物性激发子对许多采后果蔬抗病性的诱导以及诱导抗病性产生的机制,并分析它在果蔬防腐保鲜上的应用前景。