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2015年初,黄河三门峡库区发生了大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)等野鸟感染高致病性禽流感病毒的疫情,我们通过对三门峡大天鹅越冬种群的监测和环志回收的分析,了解大天鹅的越冬种群现状和活动状况,希望研究结果有助于我国对大天鹅种群的保护。调查表明,近些年来大天鹅越冬种群数量呈上升趋势,特别是三门峡天鹅湖由2010年410只增加到2014年6 317只,大天鹅种群数量在12月中旬至翌年1月达到高峰,2月下旬陆续离开,至3月下旬全部北迁。根据彩色颈环标记的回收结果,大天鹅对三门峡库区作为越冬地的选择是较为稳定的,不同个体在库区内的各地点之间还存在游荡行为,此外,还观察到带有彩色颈环的119只个体,已经被证实是由蒙古北部和中部的19个湖泊迁徙而来。三门峡湿地公园大天鹅越冬种群数量增加较快,是由于湖泊水质改善且人为大量投食玉米饲料,吸引了众多大天鹅前来越冬。蒙古环志的大天鹅连续多年在三门峡库区越冬也间接反映了这里有良好的栖息环境和丰富的食物资源。然而,初步推测,2015年这次大天鹅感染禽流感病毒可能与种群密度过高有较大的关系,建议当地政府合理投食补饲,不要盲目追求较多的种群数量;同时采取合理有效的措施促进大天鹅种群扩散,如在附近建立适宜的栖息地,这对于大天鹅种群保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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2011年12月至2012年2月和2012年11月至2013年1月,采用瞬时扫描法,对山西平陆黄河湿地越冬的大天鹅进行了日间行为时间分配和活动节律的研究。结果表明,大天鹅在越冬期的主要行为是静息、运动和取食,分别占全部行为比例的(40.5±1.4)%、(22.8±0.9)%和(18.2±0.8)%。在日间节律方面,大天鹅的取食行为呈现早晚双高峰,静息行为的高峰则出现在早上和中午。对不同地点的大天鹅的行为时间分配研究表明,大天鹅在两地的行为时间分配存在明显差异。其中,在干扰强度较大的三湾村,运动和争斗行为更多;在干扰较小的关家窝村,静息和警戒行为更多。在行为时间分配与温度变化关系的研究中,通过Pearson相关性分析发现,大天鹅的取食、运动和理羽行为与温度成显著正相关,静息和警戒行为与温度呈现显著负相关。 相似文献
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2005年12月~2006年3月以大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)为对象,研究其越冬期间的食性,利用粪便显微组织分析法定量调查其食物组成。结果表明,大天鹅的越冬食物主要为小麦(Triticum aestivum)、海带(Laminaria japonica)和大叶藻(Zostera marina),其中,小麦的比例最大,分别占冬季食物组成的99.67%和早春的90.17%。对冬季与早春的食物组成的差异进行分析,发现大天鹅在天鹅湖保护区发生了食物替代现象。结合以往资料,认为生态污染和湿地结构性破坏导致大天鹅传统食物减少,致使食物替代现象的发生。 相似文献
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2013年2~4月,采用粪便显微组织学分析方法对在包头南海子湿地越冬的大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)的食性进行了分析。大天鹅的春季食物主要为酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、玉米(Zea mays)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhiza glabra)和香蒲(Typha amgustifolia)。通过频率转换分析发现,黄河开河之前,首批迁徙到湿地的18只大天鹅,采食酸模叶蓼为主,占食物组成的99.4%;黄河开河之后,迁徙到湿地的120只大天鹅,采食玉米为主,占食物组成的69.7%,光果甘草、香蒲所占比例相对较小,分别为18.3%和11.2%。两个时间段迁徙至南海子湿地的大天鹅,采食植物的种类存在明显差异。大天鹅采食植物的种类与本地的优势植物以及农业生产有着紧密的关系。 相似文献
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包头南海湿地保护区大天鹅春季行为时间分配及日活动节律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2013年1月11日—3月17日,2014年2月10日—4月15日,采用焦点动物观察法和瞬时扫描法,对内蒙古包头南海湿地保护区内大天鹅Cygnus cygnus的昼间行为进行观察.结果表明:大天鹅的主要行为有取食、休息、运动、保养、警戒和其他,共计6类12种.在时间分配方面,大天鹅主要用于取食(45.8%)、休息(34.1%)、运动(11.1%)和保养(6.8%)行为,且4种行为有明显的节律性变化.另外,1—2月和3—4月取食、休息和保养行为差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),而运动行为差异无统计学意义(P >0.05).相关分析表明:除警戒行为外,其他行为之间存在显著相关性.1—2月为越冬期,大天鹅主要时间用于休息,3—4月为迁徙期,大天鹅主要时间用于取食,为再次迁徙积累能量. 相似文献
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候鸟春季迁徙时间与其能否顺利完成迁徙过程,以及对繁殖地的成功选择和繁殖成效密切相关,通过对大天鹅越冬地和停歇地的春季迁徙时间选择原因及其影响因素进行分析,有助于深入理解候鸟春季迁徙时间策略和栖息地保护状况。2015年2月和12月,在河南三门峡湿地捕捉了60只越冬大天鹅并佩戴卫星跟踪器,获取了详细的大天鹅在越冬地和停歇地的春季迁徙时间等信息,并进一步分析了春季迁徙时间与气候因子的相关性。结果表明,大天鹅主要在夜间22:00-0:00和0:00-1:59迁离越冬地。大天鹅迁离越冬地的日期与温度呈显著性正相关,迁离时多选择顺风且风速较小的天气。大天鹅迁离越冬地后主要是在夜间飞行,而迁离停歇地后主要是在日间飞行。越冬地的温度越高,越有利于植物的生长,大天鹅可以快速地积累能量,提前开始春季迁徙。野外调查表明,内蒙古黄河中上游作为迁徙的重要停歇地,春季两岸捕鱼、农耕和放牧等为活动较多,因此大天鹅多选择在夜间觅食补充能量,在日间迁离。最后,针对黄河流域大天鹅栖息地的保护现状,提出了禁止经济开发项目、建立保护区和开展宣传教育等保护建议。 相似文献
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湿地公园等现有自然保护体系能否有效保护越冬水鸟一直是鸟类保护生物学重点关注的问题,本研究于2021年1至3月在新疆玛纳斯国家湿地公园采用卫星跟踪法研究了大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)的活动区及其与湿地公园的关系.通过对5只来自成鸟群和4只来自有幼鸟的家庭群(幼鸟家庭群)的大天鹅共3 657个位点的分析,运用自相关的核密度估计法(autocorrelated kernel density estimation,AKDE)计算大天鹅的活动区与核心活动区,并用广义线性混合模型(GLMM)对比了成鸟群和幼鸟家庭群大天鹅活动区和核心活动区面积,以及它们对玛纳斯国家湿地公园利用程度的差异.研究结果显示:(1)幼鸟家庭群和成鸟群大天鹅的活动区和核心活动区面积以及与湿地公园重叠的比例、日平均移动距离均没有显著差异;(2)相较于幼鸟家庭群,成鸟群在湿地公园外的位点距湿地公园更远、在湿地公园外停留时间更长,表明成鸟群和幼鸟家庭群在湿地公园的利用上有差异.尽管越冬大天鹅成鸟群与幼鸟家庭群的活动区大小没有差异,但它们对湿地公园的利用方式存在差异,越冬大天鹅幼鸟家庭群更倾向在湿地公园内活动,而成鸟群更多在湿地公园外活动.幼鸟家庭群偏好在国家湿地公园内活动的原因可能是那里人为活动干扰少,食物资源更丰富,安全性更高.基于以上结果,建议相关管理部门制定有针对性的保护措施,以实现对大天鹅越冬地的有效保护管理. 相似文献
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崇明东滩人工湿地越冬水禽行为观察 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
2006年12月上旬-2007年2月下旬,在崇明东滩堤内次生人工湿地(鱼-蟹塘)对7种优势种水禽的昼间(6:30-17:30)行为进行了观察.结果表明:白鹭(Egrettagarzetta)、苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)和斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)以停伫行为为主,分别占全天行为的34.09%、45.45%和54.55%;白骨顶(Fulica atra)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)取食行为较活跃,分别占全天行为的32.58%和35.00%;小鹛鹧(Tachybaptus ruficollis)和银鸥(Larus argentatus)游水活动分别占全天行为的44.70%和31.82%.此外,环境温度和光照与水禽活动呈正相关,与风速负相关,湿地内水位由于变化不大而对越冬水禽行为影响不显著. 相似文献
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1995-1997年对河南省三门峡黄河库区湿地自然保护区鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录鸟类78种,隶属15目28科,其中古北界鸟类38种(48.72%),东洋界鸟类9种(11.54%),广布型鸟类31种(39.74%),区系组成呈现南,北鸟类混杂分布,以古北界鸟类为主的特征。 相似文献
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《Chronobiology international》2013,30(4):411-416
The present research examined diurnal variation in the severity of symptoms of experimentally-induced colds and influenza. Nasal secretion was greatest in the morning, decreased over the day, and then showed a slight increase in the late evening. Colds did not change the average temperature, nor did they alter the temperature rhythm. Similar, negative results were found with alertness ratings.Influenza B illnesses produced an increase in nasal secretion and systemic effects. The average temperature increased during this illness and subjects reported that they felt more drowsy. Diurnal variation in the severity of local and central symptoms was observed, with nasal secretion and the temperature increase being greatest in the early morning. These results have important implications for the assessment and treatment of the illnesses. 相似文献
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Andrew Smith David Tyrrell Kieran Coyle Peter Higgins John Willman 《Chronobiology international》1988,5(4):411-416
The present research examined diurnal variation in the severity of symptoms of experimentally-induced colds and influenza. Nasal secretion was greatest in the morning, decreased over the day, and then showed a slight increase in the late evening. Colds did not change the average temperature, nor did they alter the temperature rhythm. Similar, negative results were found with alertness ratings.
Influenza B illnesses produced an increase in nasal secretion and systemic effects. The average temperature increased during this illness and subjects reported that they felt more drowsy. Diurnal variation in the severity of local and central symptoms was observed, with nasal secretion and the temperature increase being greatest in the early morning. These results have important implications for the assessment and treatment of the illnesses. 相似文献
Influenza B illnesses produced an increase in nasal secretion and systemic effects. The average temperature increased during this illness and subjects reported that they felt more drowsy. Diurnal variation in the severity of local and central symptoms was observed, with nasal secretion and the temperature increase being greatest in the early morning. These results have important implications for the assessment and treatment of the illnesses. 相似文献
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In humans, the storage and voiding functions of the urinary bladder have a characteristic diurnal variation, with increased voiding during the day and urine storage during the night. However, in animal models, the daily functional differences in urodynamics have not been well-studied. The goal of this study was to identify key urodynamic parameters that vary between day and night. Rats were chronically instrumented with an intravesical catheter, and bladder pressure, voided volumes, and micturition frequency were measured by continuous filling cystometry during the light (inactive) or dark (active) phases of the circadian cycle. Cage activity was recorded by video during the experiment. We hypothesized that nocturnal rats entrained to a standard 12:12 light:dark cycle would show greater ambulatory activity and more frequent, smaller volume micturitions in the dark compared to the light. Rats studied during the light phase had a bladder capacity of 1.44±0.21 mL and voided every 8.2±1.2 min. Ambulatory activity was lower in the light phase, and rats slept during the recording period, awakening only to urinate. In contrast, rats studied during the dark were more active, had a lower bladder capacities (0.65±0.18 mL), and urinated more often (every 3.7±0.9 min). Average bladder pressures were not significantly different between the light and dark (13.40±2.49 and 12.19±2.85 mmHg, respectively). These results identify a day-night difference in bladder capacity and micturition frequency in chronically-instrumented nocturnal rodents that is phase-locked to the normal circadian locomotor activity rhythm of the animal. Furthermore, since it has generally been assumed that the daily hormonal regulation of renal function is a major driver of the circadian rhythm in urination, and few studies have addressed the involvement of the lower urinary tract, these results establish the bladder itself as a target for circadian regulation. 相似文献
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Diurnal variation in oral glucose tolerance was studied in 122 male volunteers aged 40 yearsand over who participated in a screening health examination. In those with screening blood sugar levels exceeding 110 mg./100 ml. the degree of diurnal variation was least in those with the highest morning glycaemia; the latter also tended to have lower afternoon fasting bloodsugar levels.In a group of 40 control subjects, afternoon glucose tolerance tests yielded significantly higher post-glucose blood sugar levels. The degree of diurnal variation was significantly and inversely related to the degree of obesity. 相似文献
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米瓦罐光合日变化的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用LI-6400便携式光合系统研究了米瓦罐的光合日变化.结果表明,米瓦罐光合速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,上午10:00时光合速率最大,为31.5μmolCO2/(m2·s);7:00时的表观量子效率最高,为0.032 CO2/quantum;气孔导度的变化趋势与光合速率一致,10时出现最大值,为0.521 molH2O/(m2·s);11时蒸腾速率最快,为6.82mmolH2O/(m2·s);水分利用效率8时最高,为7.07μmolCO2/mmolH2O. 相似文献
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The degree of pituitary-adrenocortical suppression resulting from exogenous corticosteroid is related to the time of day the steroid is administered. Morning administration has less effect and evening administration a greater effect than do divided doses given over the course of the day.Clinical studies have shown that in the great majority of patients with corticosteroid responsive diseases, an intermittent dosage schedule is at least as effective as is administration of an equal dose in a three or four times a day regimen. Other undesirable side effects of corticosteroid therapy may also be decreased by an intermittent schedule. It is suggested that the customary divided dosage schedule for corticosteroid administration be replaced with an intermittent regimen, the medication being given in the morning. This may be once a day, or, if therapeutic results are satisfactory, once every other day. 相似文献
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《Chronobiology international》2013,30(8):706-713
The present study was designed to evaluate time-of-day effects on electromyographic (EMG) activity changes during a short-term intense cycling exercise. In a randomized order, 22 male subjects were asked to perform a 30-s Wingate test against a constant braking load of 0.087?kg·kg?1 body mass during two experimental sessions, which were set up either at 07:00 or 17:00?h. During the test, peak power (Ppeak), mean power (Pmean), fatigue index (FI; % of decrease in power output throughout the 30 s), and evolution of power output (5-s span) throughout the exercise were analyzed. Surface EMG activity was recorded in both the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles throughout the test and analyzed over a 5-s span. The root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) of EMG were calculated. Neuromuscular efficiency (NME) was estimated from the ratio of power to RMS. Resting core temperature, Ppeak, Pmean, and FI were significantly higher (p?<?.05) in the evening than morning test (e.g., Ppeak: 11.6?±?0.8 vs. 11.9?±?1 W·kg?1). The results showed that power output decreased following two phases. During the first phase (first 20s), power output decreased rapidly and values were higher (p?<?.05) in the evening than in the morning. During the second phase (last 10s), power decreased slightly and appeared independent of the time of day of testing. This power output decrease was paralleled by evolution of the MPF and NME. During the first phase, NME and MPF were higher (p <?.05) in the evening. During the second phase, NME and MPF were independent of time of day. In addition, no significant differences were noticed between 7:00 and 17:00?h for EMG RMS during the whole 30 s. Taken together, these results suggest that peripheral mechanisms (i.e., muscle power and fatigue) are more likely the cause of the diurnal variation of the Wingate-test performance rather than central mechanisms. (Author correspondence: n_souissi@yahoo. fr) 相似文献
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A. Berger K. -M. Scheibe A. Brelurut F. Schober W. J. Streich 《Biological Rhythm Research》2002,33(3):237-253
To describe the normal rhythmic behavioural patterns and to test procedures for the detection of short-time disturbances, 4 red deer were studied in 2 quasi-natural enclosures. Activity and feeding were recorded by means of the storage-telemetrysystem ETHOSYS®. Daily and monthly mean values, power spectra and 'Degrees of Functional Coupling' (DFC) were calculated. DFC were applied to measure stability and harmonic synchronisation between ultradian rhythms and the 24-hours period. The general patterns of activity and feeding were nearly identical in all animals and closely related to photoperiod change. Levels of total activity and feeding were lowest in winter and highest in summer. In winter highest activity was generally observed in daylight hours and shifted gradually to dark hours in summer. Spectral analysis of activity and feeding revealed a time pattern in which ultradian components, between 4.8 and 12 hrs in period length, mostly exceeded the diurnal rhythm power. Compared to winter higher frequencies were found in activity and feeding in spring, summer and autumn. During such periods up to 8 strong bouts of activity per day (3-hrs rhythm) were observed. These rhythmic patterns are discussed in the context of red deer feeding strategy. Short-term disturbances by humans and changing feeding conditions resulted in lowered DFCs. Time pattern analysis of long-term and continuously measured behavioural parameters proved to be an appropriate approach for observing general living conditions and for detecting disturbances. 相似文献