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1.
啮齿动物食性研究的意义及方法评述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
啮齿动物的食性是种群生态学的重要组成部分,也是制定鼠害防治策略的常用参考指标.现在已有多种方便适用的方法对其进行研究,国内外学者已在相关领域取得大量研究成果.本文对啮齿动物食性的各种研究方法进行了总结和整理,同时对近40年来国内外的部分相关研究成果进行了综述,分析该研究领域的前景,旨在为今后的研究提供更多思路.  相似文献   

2.
啮齿动物的嗅觉通讯研究进展   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
通过对近40 年来啮齿动物嗅觉通讯的研究综述, 主要介绍嗅觉信号的来源、组成及其对啮齿动物行为生理所产生的作用。啮齿动物嗅觉通讯的信号来源主要是粪便、尿液和特化皮肤腺等, 对这些化学信号的成分分析主要集中在各种信息素(Pheromone) 的结构、来源及其引起的行为反应。目前, 在对啮齿动物嗅觉通讯神经通路的研究中, 对主嗅觉系统和犁鼻器系统在动物嗅觉通讯中的作用仍将是人们研究的重点; 而通过信息素作用所产生的各种行为反应的神经内分泌机制也是动物嗅觉通讯领域研究的热点之一。研究气味信号对动物行为和生理等方面所产生的作用, 将有助于揭示啮齿动物嗅觉通讯在其社会行为中的重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
啮齿动物螺杆菌研究现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
螺杆菌以隐性感染形式普遍存在于大鼠、小鼠、沙鼠等啮齿动物的消化道,可引起各种炎症甚至恶性肿瘤,严重影响实验动物质量,并干扰相关动物实验结果。因此,世界各国及国际实验动物理事会已将该类螺杆菌列为啮齿类实验动物必须排除的病原微生物。本文主要从生物学特性、致病性、检测方法等方面对其研究现状作一简要介绍。  相似文献   

4.
甘肃鼢鼠的震动通讯   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李金钢  王廷正  何建平  闵一建 《兽类学报》2001,21(2):153-154,152
听觉通讯是兽类一种重要的通讯方式 ,尤其是鼢鼠 ,因其营地下独居生活 ,视觉退化 ,个体间通讯主要依赖听觉和嗅觉。Heth和Rado分别在室内人工模拟洞道和野外自然洞道中采集到了鼹形鼠(Spalaxehrenbergi)用头敲击洞壁产生的震动波信号 ,首先发现地下鼠的震动通讯方式[1,2 ] 。甘肃鼢鼠 (Myospalaxcansus)生活在与鼹形鼠相似的地下环境中 ,是否也同样存在震动通讯方式 ?为此 ,作者在室内利用人工模拟洞道对甘肃鼢鼠震动通讯进行了初步研究。1 材料与方法  实验用甘肃鼢鼠捕自陕西省富县 ,室内单笼…  相似文献   

5.
不同放牧强度对植物及啮齿动物作用的研究   总被引:57,自引:1,他引:57       下载免费PDF全文
刘伟  周立  王溪 《生态学报》1999,19(3):376-382
从栖息地结构特征决定啮齿动物群落组成的角度出发,通过分析不同放牧强度下植物地上部分生物量,植被组成,种的多样性以及不同被牧处理间相似性系数的变化,初步探讨了小哺乳动物对植被变化的反应,得到如下结论:(1)在不同放牧强度下,植物地上部分生物量随放牧强度的增加而减少,植被组成中,优良牧草的比例随牧草随放牧强度的增加而降低,杂类草的比例随放牧强度的增加而升高。(2)植物种的多样性指数随放牧强度的增加而升  相似文献   

6.
河南省啮齿动物地理分布的聚类研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
路纪琪等[1 ]对河南省啮齿动物区系与区划进行了研究 ,把河南省已知的 32种啮齿动物区系划分为豫西北太行山地森林省、豫西黄土台地农作省、豫东豫北平原及南阳盆地农作省、豫西伏牛山地森林省、淮南冲积平原农作省和豫南桐柏 大别山地森林省共 6个动物地理省。因为毛耳飞鼠(Belomys pearsonii )、中华鼢鼠(Myospalax fontaneri)、针毛鼠 (Rattusfulvescens) 3种动物尚无标本考证 ,故本文所列河南省啮齿动物计 2 9种。另据马勇等[2 ]研究 ,认为应恢复绒鼠平属 (Caryomys)的分…  相似文献   

7.
甘肃省啮齿动物区系及地理区划的研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
郑涛  张迎梅 《兽类学报》1990,10(2):137-144
甘肃啮齿动物有87种(含7亚种),隶2目9科41属。可将甘肃划分6个省:1.陇东高原省,有28种(含l亚种),2.中部黄土高原省,有30种;3.河西走廊省,有36种,三趾心颅跳鼠和短耳沙鼠为本省特有种;4.祁连山地省,有29种,高原高山鼠和银白高山鼠为本省特有种;5.甘南高原草原省,有34种,棕背鼾和普通田鼠为本省特有种,6.陇南山地省,有34种,豪猪和巢鼠为本省特有种。  相似文献   

8.
啮齿动物是哺乳动物中最大的类群,占哺乳动物种数的42%.啮齿动物具有高繁殖力、适应性强、分布广等特点,食性、行为和生理等各个方面也表现出多样性,例如聚群行为既可节省能量消耗,还能改变肠道微生物的组成.啮齿动物是生态系统的重要组成部分,在生态系统的物质和能量流动等过程和功能方面具有不可替代的作用.  相似文献   

9.
将新疆北部62种啮齿动物在新疆北部6个动物地理省中有或无分布作为二元状态,用联合系数来表征啮齿动物地理省间啮齿种类组成的相似程度,以类平均法进行聚类。聚类结果表明啮齿类在新疆北部各动物地理省的分布主要受各种生态因子的影响。还探讨了分布聚类与动物地理省区划的关系。  相似文献   

10.
将新疆北部 62种啮齿动物在新疆北部 6个动物地理省中有或无分布作为二元状态 ,用联合系数来表征啮齿动物地理省间啮齿类种类组成的相似程度 ,以类平均法进行聚类。聚类结果表明啮齿类在新疆北部各动物地理省的分布主要受各种生态因子的影响。还探讨了分布聚类与动物地理省区划的关系  相似文献   

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Radiofrequency radiation (RFR) causes heating, which can lead to detrimental biological effects. To characterize the effects of RFR exposure on body temperature in relation to animal size and pregnancy, a series of short‐term toxicity studies was conducted in a unique RFR exposure system. Young and old B6C3F1 mice and young, old, and pregnant Harlan Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) RFR (rats = 900 MHz, mice = 1,900 MHz) at specific absorption rates (SARs) up to 12 W/kg for approximately 9 h a day for 5 days. In general, fewer and less severe increases in body temperature were observed in young than in older rats. SAR‐dependent increases in subcutaneous body temperatures were observed at exposures ≥6 W/kg in both modulations. Exposures of ≥10 W/kg GSM or CDMA RFR induced excessive increases in body temperature, leading to mortality. There was also a significant increase in the number of resorptions in pregnant rats at 12 W/kg GSM RFR. In mice, only sporadic increases in body temperature were observed regardless of sex or age when exposed to GSM or CDMA RFR up to 12 W/kg. These results identified SARs at which measurable RFR‐mediated thermal effects occur, and were used in the selection of exposures for subsequent toxicology and carcinogenicity studies. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:190–199, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

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14.
应用扫描电镜,观察阿尔泰察干鼠、始壮鼠门齿不同切面的釉质结构特征,通过分析得到下列结果。1.同一门齿的不同部位,其釉质形态虽有不同的表现形式,但反映釉质结构模式的两个主要特征不变,如HSB宽度和内外釉质层厚度比稳定.因此应用这些特征时,可以在不定位取样条件下比较.2.同一门齿的不同部位,内层HSB的倾斜度以及外层中放射状釉柱的倾斜度均有变化,变化范围可达0°—20°,但是,在通过门齿中心的各不同纵切面上,上述两个特征是稳定的,因此应用这些特征时,取样的定位范围要明确通过门齿的中心.3同一门齿的不同部位,其釉质层厚度、釉柱截面直径大小、釉柱形态等有变化,有时随外形的变化很大,因此应用这些特征时须要定位比较.4阿尔泰察干鼠为典型的多系结构,始壮鼠为典型的单系结构。  相似文献   

15.
Rodents of the tribe Phyllotini represents one of the main radiations of South American Sigmodontini. Phylogenetic relationships among species of this highly diversified group are poorly known. In this paper we analyse evolutionary relationships among eight phyllotine species belonging to the genera Calomys , Graomys , Phyllotis and Eligmodontia , on the basis of allozymic polymorphisms. Most of the differences among species were in allele frequencies and not of allele class. Neighbour-joining and maximum likelihood methods place P. xanthopygus in the same group as E. typus and G. griseoflavus , in agreement with results obtained by several authors on the basis of morphological characters. Parsimony analysis of 0–9 coded data suggest that the genus Calomys is paraphyletic, but with a low bootstrap support. In the tree based on genetic distance data, the genus also appears as paraphyletic. The maximum likelihood method yields a tree where Calomys is monophyletic, but this phylogeny is supported by only two out of 78 alleles analysed. Calomys hummelincki and C. venustus occupy a basal position among Calomys species. Calomys musculinus and C. lepidus are the most closely related species of the genus, with C. laucha as sister to them. These relationships are strongly supported by bootstrap percentages.  相似文献   

16.
    
Weather is known to affect the phenology and behaviour of birds, but weather-related changes of phenotypic traits involved in communication have received little attention. Using an 8-year dataset, we investigated links between carotenoid-based reflectance of the freshly moulted breast of Great Tits Parus major, weather during the moulting period and food availability during the preceding breeding season, and we investigated interannual changes. In both sexes, we found a change of colour expression to more saturated and darker yellow over the study period in parallel with increasingly dry and warm weather during moult. These results indicate that the expression of traits playing roles in communication may be controlled by weather and may therefore shift in response to changing climate.  相似文献   

17.
The call of the male of Besdolus bicolor, produced by percussion or drumming, is described for the first time. It represents the first recorded and analyzed signal for the genus Besdolus. It consists of a repetition of two or three beat groups, with each group composed by two (rarely three) beats, and with very constant interbeat intervals and intergroup intervals (mean 0.037 seconds and 0.213 seconds, respectively). The call pattern exhibited by this species can be catalogued as an ancestral percussive signal.  相似文献   

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In terrestrial endotherms, evaporation is a significant mechanism of water loss in hot environments. Although water is passively lost by evaporation, individuals can regulate it at different levels. Inhabiting a relatively stable environment characterized by mild ambient temperature (Ta) and high humidity can ensure a balanced water budget. Many fossorial rodents are well adapted to live in such conditions. In this study, evaporative water loss (EWL) of fossorial rodent species with different degree of adaptations to underground life (from strictly subterranean to those with regular surface activity) was evaluated. By measuring EWL, the specific contribution of either evaporative or non-evaporative components of heat loss can be determined. With the exception of the silvery mole-rat (Heliophobius argenteocinereus), in all tested rodents EWL is relatively stable below and within the thermoneutral zone (TNZ). As Tas increase above TNZ, EWL increases as does total thermal conductance, but conductance increases several times more than EWL. In addition, non-evaporative routes seem to be more important than evaporative heat loss in the analyzed species. No clear pattern of EWL in relation to a species degree of fossoriality or sociality was detected. In this context, atmosphere of burrows could affect EWL, since the high humidity found inside tunnels can establish limits on evaporation to favor water rather than thermal balance.  相似文献   

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