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1.
黄振利  熊维宁 《生理学报》2020,72(5):586-596
支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种以气道炎性反应、高反应性及气道重塑为特征的慢性炎症性疾病,T细胞在其中发挥着至关重要的作用.非编码RNA (non-coding RNA,ncRNA)是转录组中不编码蛋白质的RNA分子,主要包括微小RNA (microRNA,miRNA)、长链非编码RNA (long non-coding ...  相似文献   

2.
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC,下称肝癌)是一种全球高发的恶性肿瘤,其生长快、易转移、死亡率高.非编码RNA(non-coding RNA, ncRNA)是指由基因组转录的不编码蛋白质的RNA.它们数量巨大,占人类基因组转录产物的90%以上.近年研究发现, ncRNA可以在表观遗传、转录和转录后水平调控基因表达,或者调控蛋白质的定位及活性,进而影响细胞的分化、增殖、死亡、运动等重要活动; ncRNA的失调与疾病的发生发展密切相关.发现肝癌相关的ncRNA并深入研究其调控网络及作用机制将为肝癌的诊断和治疗提供新策略.本文介绍了ncRNA的分类, ncRNA的生成、加工和降解机制, ncRNA的功能网络,并总结了ncRNA在肝癌细胞恶性表型调控中的功能及机制,最后讨论了ncRNA作为诊断标志物和治疗靶点的潜在应用.  相似文献   

3.
长非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)的序列长度超过200核苷酸(nucleotide, nt),部分可编码多肽。生物信息分析和多组学技术已被用于在乳腺癌中批量鉴定lncRNA与lncRNA编码肽。本文通过在线软件分析了Spencer数据库中收录的919个lncRNA编码的乳腺癌肿瘤特异性多肽,结果显示,这些多肽涉及抗癌、抗炎和细胞穿透等活性。乳腺癌的发生发展与lncRNAs的异常表达密切相关,lncRNAs通过编码多肽、调控表观遗传、调节免疫等多种途径影响乳腺癌发展。部分lncRNA编码肽独立于lncRNA,通过表观遗传调控、抑制血管生成等途径调控乳腺癌的发展。lncRNA与lncRNA编码肽在乳腺癌的诊断与治疗中也有较大的应用潜力。因此,本文系统综述了lncRNA与lncRNA编码肽在乳腺癌发生发展与诊断治疗中的作用,对该研究领域目前存在的问题和挑战进行了分析。  相似文献   

4.
细菌非编码小RNA(small non-coding RNA,sRNA)是一类长度在50-200个核苷酸,不编码蛋白质的RNA.它们通过碱基配对识别靶标mRNA,在转录后水平调节基因的表达,是细菌代谢、毒力和适应环境压力的重要调节因子.近年来,随着生物信息学和RNA组学技术应用于细菌sRNA的筛选,sRNA已被证实存在于大肠埃希杆菌(Escherichia coli),铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)等细菌中,是细菌基因调控中新的调节因子.本文对细菌中非编码小RNA的筛选和鉴定技术作一个简要论述.  相似文献   

5.
非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)是一类不具有蛋白质编码潜能的RNA,可分为管家ncRNA和调控性ncRNA。微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是研究得比较清楚的一类调控性ncRNA,不仅可调控细胞分化、增殖和凋亡,还可通过调节糖酵解途径中的限速酶[如己糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)、磷酸果糖激酶(phosphofructokinase, PFK)和丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase, PK)]来调控肿瘤细胞的糖代谢。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是另一类近年来引起重视的调控性ncRNA,它们可通过调节癌基因c Myc、葡糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter, GLUT)、HK和缺氧诱导因子等来调控肿瘤细胞的糖代谢。深入了解miRNA和lncRNA等调控性ncRNA调控肿瘤细胞糖代谢的机制不仅可以使我们更加深入地了解肿瘤的发生机制,而且可能为肿瘤的预防、诊断和治疗提供新方向。  相似文献   

6.
近年来的研究发现,细菌非编码小RNA (small non-coding RNA, sRNA)对其不同生理进程起到了重要的调控作用。随着大量sRNA被发现并鉴定,细菌sRNA的功能被逐步阐明,其可在转录后水平广泛调控细菌的生理代谢、毒力及耐药性等。本文综述了sRNA对细菌毒力和耐药性调控作用的研究进展,对揭示细菌转录后水平毒力及耐药性调控机制具有一定意义。  相似文献   

7.
非编码RNA与基因表达调控   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,随着对基因组的深入研究,发现真核生物中存在许多形态和功能各异的非编码RNA分子,这类RNA分子并不表达蛋白质,但它们在基因转录水平、转录后水平及翻译水平起了重要的调控作用。具有调控作用的RNA分子种类非常丰富,如长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)、miRNA、PIWI相互作用RNA(PIWI-interacting RNA,piRNA)、内源性小干扰RNA(endogenous small interfering RNA,endo-siRNA)、竞争性内源RNA(competitive endogenous RNA,ceRNA)等,它们使基因表达过程更为丰富、严谨和有序。本文综述几类典型的非编码RNA对基因表达的调节作用,以助于理解细胞中RNA分子调节网络的功能和机制。  相似文献   

8.
生物节律基因非编码RNA调控机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
节律性的振荡不仅存在于生物节律中枢也存在于外周器官、组织及细胞中,其产生依赖于节律基因的转录、转录后及翻译后水平调控。近几年,生物节律转录后水平调控机制研究成为热点。非编码RNA(ncRNAs)调控组分小RNA(microRNA)与长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)作为参与转录后调控的重要分子,已有研究表明microRNA与lncRNA调控节律基因mRNA与蛋白的相位及振幅。本文概述microRNA与lncRNA参与昼夜节律中枢与外周调控的研究进展,为生物节律转录后调控机制的进一步研究提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
长链非编码RNA在生物体中的调控作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李灵  宋旭 《遗传》2014,(3):43-48
长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)的发现是基因组学和分子生物学研究领域的重要进展。lncRNA在生命活动中具有重要的调节功能,其表达紊乱与多种人类疾病的发生发展密切相关。研究表明,几乎所有的调控性lncRNA通过与不同种类的生物大分子,如DNA、RNA和蛋白质发生相互作用而行使其功能。文章概述了lncRNA在表观遗传学水平、转录水平及转录后水平调控基因表达的效应机制,并探讨了lncRNA如何在肿瘤发生和宿主防御过程中行使功能。不同于小分子ncRNA通过碱基互补配对调控靶基因的表达,大多数已鉴定的lncRNA通过调节蛋白质活性或维持蛋白质复合物的完整性发挥其生物学功能。因此,鉴定lncRNA-蛋白质相互作用可能是理解lncRNA功能的首要任务。  相似文献   

10.
骨肉瘤是一类主要发生于长管状骨的原发性恶性骨肿瘤,其主要特征是由肿瘤细胞直接形成不成熟的骨或骨组织。患者具有严重的疼痛症状和软组织肿胀,严重的可导致病理性骨折。由于骨肉瘤侵袭性较高和转移较快,其临床治疗效果较差,且患者具有较高的癌症致死率。尽管目前在骨肉瘤发生、发展的机制研究上取得了较大进展,但关于骨肉瘤的生理、病理机制尚未完全清楚。长链非编码RNA作为非编码RNA的一种,在各类肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥关键性作用;其对骨肉瘤细胞的生长、增殖、迁移、侵袭以及骨肉瘤的发生、发展、耐药性和预后也具有重要的调控作用。因此,明确长链非编码RNA在骨肉瘤中的作用,为进一步探究骨肉瘤的发病机制和临床治疗提供潜在的生物标志物。  相似文献   

11.
Mitochondria are critical hubs for the integration of several key metabolic processes implicated in cell growth and survival. They originated from bacterial ancestors through endosymbiosis, following the transfer of more than 90% of their endosymbiont genome to the host cell nucleus. Over time, a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship has been established, which relies on continuous and elaborate signaling mechanisms between this life-essential organelle and its host. The ability of mitochondria to signal their functional state and trigger compensatory and adaptive cellular responses has long been recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved have remained poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may contribute to the synchronization of a series of essential cellular and mitochondrial biological processes, acting as “messengers” between the nucleus and the mitochondria. Here, we discuss the emerging putative roles of ncRNAs in various bidirectional signaling pathways established between the host cell and its mitochondria, and how the dysregulation of these pathways may lead to aging-related diseases, including cancer, and offer new promising therapeutic avenues.  相似文献   

12.
目的:检测血浆HOX转录反义RNA(HOTAIR)表达水平,并初步探讨血浆HOTAIR作为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAD)标志物的诊断价值。方法:CAD患者和非CAD患者分别作为本研究的疾病组和对照组,血标本来自重庆大坪医院心内科介入室(2013年1月-9月)。运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(q RT-PCR)分别检测疾病组和对照组各100例血浆HOTAIR水平,同时对上述血浆HOTAIR的表达值绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:与对照组(0.25±0.10)相比,HOTAIR在CAD患者血浆(0.80±0.30)中表达显著升高(P0.05);ROC曲线分析表明,AUC为0.776,Cut-off值为0.55时,诊断CAD的灵敏度为75%,特异度为80%。结论:冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者血浆HOTAIR水平升高,血浆HOTAIR可作为诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的独立生物标志物。  相似文献   

13.
摘要 目的:研究非编码长链RNA ANRIL(lncRNA-ANRIL)和对氧磷酶1(PON1)在冠心病患者血清表达水平,并探讨其与冠心病患者临床意义。方法:选择2018年2月到2021年2月在我院接受治疗的冠心病患者70例作为研究组,同时随机选取同期在我院进行体检的健康志愿者70例作为对照组。比较两组患者血清lncRNA-ANRIL相对表达水平和PON1含量。采用Pearson法分析冠心病患者血清lncRNA-ANRIL相对表达水平和PON1含量与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)以及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)间的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析冠心病发生的影响因素。结果:(1)研究组患者SBP、DBP、TG、TC和LDL-C显著高于对照组,而HDL-C显著低于对照组(P<0.05);(2)研究组血清lncRNA ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平均低于对照组,研究组血清PON1含量低于对照组(P<0.05)(3)血清ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平与SBP、DBP、TG、TC和LDL-C均呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关(P<0.05);(4)血清PON1含量与SBP、DBP、TG、TC和LDL-C均呈负相关,与HDL-C、血清ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平均呈正相关(P<0.05);(5)多因素Logistic回归分析显示:TC、SBP、DBP、TG和LDL-C是冠心病发病的危险因素,HDL-C、血清ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平、以及血清PON1含量是冠心病发病的保护因素。结论:冠心病患者血清lncRNA-ANRIL相对表达水平和PON1含量均降低,两者与冠心病患者血压及血脂代谢指标显著相关,且两者均为冠心病发病的保护因素。  相似文献   

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Mitochondrial dysfunctions play major roles in ageing. How mitochondrial stresses invoke downstream responses and how specificity of the signaling is achieved, however, remains unclear. We have previously discovered that the RNA component of Telomerase TERCis imported into mitochondria, processed to a shorter form TERC-53, and then exported back to the cytosol. Cytosolic TERC-53levels respond to mito- chondrial functions, but have no direct effect on these functions, suggesting that cytosolic TERC-53functions downstream of mitochondria as a signal of mitochon- drial functions. Here, we show that cytosolic TERC-53plays a regulatory role on cellular senescence and is involved in cognition decline in 10 months old mice, independent of its telomerase function. Manipulation of cytosolic TERC-53levels affects cellular senescence and cognition decline in 10 months old mouse hip-pocampi without affecting telomerase activity, and most importantly, affects cellular senescence in terc−/− cells. These findings uncover a senescence-related regulatory pathway with a non-coding RNA as the signal in mammals.  相似文献   

15.
人类基因组DNA核苷酸序列中约93%能被转录为RNA,其中仅2%的转录产物被翻译为蛋白质,余下98%属于非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)。ncRNA中长度超过200 nt的称为长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA),长期以来LncRNA被认为是转录过程中的副产物而不具有生物学功能。近年随着微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的研究进展,揭示了ncRNA在人类基因转录后调节、细胞生长、分化、增殖中起着相当重要的作用。同时也提示,相比miRNA,在细胞内转录比例更高的LncRNA具有极其复杂而重要的生物学功能,并与人类疾病密切相关。结合LncRNA的表观遗传学功能及其病理生理意义作一简述。  相似文献   

16.
    
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). In this study, the mitochondrial proteome in the cardiac tissue of ICM patients was analysed by quantitative differential electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) for the first time to provide new insights into cardiac dysfunction in this cardiomyopathy. We isolated mitochondria from LV samples of explanted hearts of ICM patients (n = 8) and control donors (n = 8) and used a proteomic approach to investigate the variations in mitochondrial protein expression. We found that most of the altered proteins were involved in cardiac energy metabolism (82%). We focused on ATPA, which is involved in energy production, and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, implicated in substrate utilization, and observed that these molecules were overexpressed and that the changes detected in the processes mediated by these proteins were closely related. Notably, we found that ATPA overexpression was associated with reduction in LV mass (r = −0.74, P < 0.01). We also found a substantial increase in the expression of elongation factor Tu, a molecule implicated in protein synthesis, and PRDX3, involved in the stress response. All of these changes were validated using classical techniques and by using novel and precise selected reaction monitoring analysis and an RNA sequencing approach, with the total heart samples being increased to 24. This study provides key insights that enhance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of ICM and could lead to the development of aetiology-specific heart failure therapies. ATPA could serve as a molecular target suitable for new therapeutic interventions.  相似文献   

17.
    
We have reported previously that a missense mutation in the mitochondrial fission gene Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) underlies the Python mouse model of monogenic dilated cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of the C452F mutation on Drp1 protein function and to define the cellular sequelae leading to heart failure in the Python monogenic dilated cardiomyopathy model. We found that the C452F mutation increased Drp1 GTPase activity. The mutation also conferred resistance to oligomer disassembly by guanine nucleotides and high ionic strength solutions. In a mouse embryonic fibroblast model, Drp1 C452F cells exhibited abnormal mitochondrial morphology and defective mitophagy. Mitochondria in C452F mouse embryonic fibroblasts were depolarized and had reduced calcium uptake with impaired ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation. In the Python heart, we found a corresponding progressive decline in oxidative phosphorylation with age and activation of sterile inflammation. As a corollary, enhancing autophagy by exposure to a prolonged low-protein diet improved cardiac function in Python mice. In conclusion, failure of Drp1 disassembly impairs mitophagy, leading to a downstream cascade of mitochondrial depolarization, aberrant calcium handling, impaired ATP synthesis, and activation of sterile myocardial inflammation, resulting in heart failure.  相似文献   

18.
刘娟  邢金良 《生命科学》2010,(9):919-924
端粒是染色体末端的特化结构,由简单呈串联线性排列的核酸重复序列及相关蛋白质组成。其核酸序列具有高度的保守性,均富含GC。在人类为TTAGGG的高度重复序列具有维持基因组完整性的作用。端粒功能异常会导致染色体失去稳定性,促进肿瘤的发生和发展。以往认为端粒附近区域不具有转录活性,但最近在Science杂志上Azzalin等首次报道了该区域可以转录一种非编码RNA,即端粒RNA(telomeric RNA)。该分子具有特殊的UUAGGG重复序列,在调控端粒长度和端粒酶活性上具有重要作用,在发育、衰老和肿瘤发生发展等研究中已成为热点。该文将对近期有关端粒RNA的研究进展予以综述。  相似文献   

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