甘肃两栖爬行动物多样性及区系分析

参考两栖爬行动物分类学和分子系统学的最新研究成果,收集近年来甘肃省两栖爬行类相关研究文献,结合2018—2019年的野外调查,对甘肃两栖爬行动物名录进行了整理与修订,结果表明,甘肃现分布有两栖动物2目10科20属36种,爬行动物2目17科38属70种;与《甘肃脊椎动物志》相比,增加20种,删除10种;与《甘肃两栖爬行动物》相比,增加16种,删除7种;并对20个物种的归属或学名进行了修订。动物区系分析表明,古北界物种28种(26.42%),东洋界物种56种(52.83%),广布种22种(20.75%);在动物地理省级分布区中,陇南南部山地省物种最多(69.81%),陇南北部山地省次之(29.24%),祁连山地省最少(5.66%)。国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物2种;被《中国脊椎动物红色名录》列为受威胁种40种;中国特有种42种。本文对甘肃分布的两栖爬行动物进行了梳理和探讨,旨在更新及完善甘肃本土生物多样性名录,为甘肃两栖爬行动物物种多样性保护与研究提供基础资料。     

陕西省两栖爬行动物名录更新及区系分析

本文基于前人对陕西省两栖爬行类基础调查文献的总结,重新整理、修订了陕西省两栖爬行动物名录,并分析了区系分布特征。截至2021年6月底,记录陕西两栖动物2目9科20属28种,爬行动物2目15科34属57种,比《陕西省脊椎动物名录》记录的两栖动物(26种)删除或修订了11种,爬行动物(51种)删除或修订了13种,增补了两栖动物5种、爬行动物9种。中国特有种34种,国家二级重点保护野生动物9种,省级重点保护野生动物9种,《中国生物多样性红色名录脊椎动物》受威胁物种20种。动物区系分析表明,古北界15种(17.65%),东洋界51种(60.00%),广布种19种(22.35%);分布型以南中国型为主(38种),东洋型次之(14种),古北型最少(2种)。生态类型以水栖-流溪型和陆栖型为主(共65种)。在动物地理省级区划中,秦岭南坡山地省物种数最多(82.35%),秦岭北坡山地省次之(52.94%),陕北沙漠省最少(11.76%)。本文通过整理并修订陕西省两栖爬行类物种与分布名录,旨为后续物种资源保护与管理提供基础资料。     

云南省爬行动物名录和地理区划更新

云南省作为中国生物多样性最高的省份, 其详实的物种本底资料对我国生物多样性研究和保护具有重要意义。本文在前期研究的基础上, 结合实体标本, 汇总编制了云南省现生、原生爬行动物更新名录。截至2021年12月31日, 云南省记录爬行动物25科82属235种, 其中龟鳖目4科12属16种, 有鳞目蜥蜴亚目6科20属72种, 蛇亚目15科50属147种。较《云南两栖爬行动物》确认新增82种, 存疑收录21种, 移除23种。基于先前云南省爬行动物区划和更新后的物种分布信息, 将云南省爬行动物地理分为6个动物地理区, 即滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇南山地区、滇东南山地区、滇中高原区以及滇东北山地区; 其中滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇中高原区和滇东南山地区的范围与先前研究相比有所调整。结合调整后的爬行动物地理区划, 对物种分布、物种特有性、受威胁状况等给出了统计结果。云南省爬行动物特有物种、国内仅见于云南的非特有物种数量较多, 受威胁等级高。建议今后继续加大分类学研究投入, 对滇西北、滇中特有爬行动物分布集中的区域积极开展栖息地保护工作, 同时在最新调整的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》基础上, 定期组织专家研讨, 对《云南省省级重点保护动物名录》提出更新建议。     

广东梧桐山国家级风景名胜区两栖爬行动物多样性研究

2012年对广东梧桐山国家级风景名胜区内的两栖爬行动物进行本底普查,共记录两栖动物2目7科18种,包括中国特有种5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物1种,CITES公约附录Ⅱ1种,IUCN濒危物种红色名录列为易危(VU)1种、近危(NT)1种。爬行动物共记录3目(含亚目)11科35种,其中,中国特有种5种,受保护和受胁物种6种,国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物1种——蟒蛇Python molurus。区系分析结果显示,梧桐山国家级风景名胜区内的两栖爬行动物具有明显的南亚热带区系的过渡特征。另外,调查发现掌突蟾属1种、湍蛙属1种分别与已知同属物种存在分化,颈槽蛇属有1新种。     

河南省爬行动物地理区划研究

本文首次对河南省爬行动物区系特征及其地理区划进行了研究。河南省现生爬行动物计 3目 8科 4 0种 ,可划分为桐柏、大别山地丘陵、伏牛山地丘陵盆地、豫西豫西北山地丘陵台地和黄淮海平原共 4个动物地理省。各动物地理省的自然环境、爬行动物组成、种群数量及区系特征均予描述分析。研究发现河南省爬行动物新记录种 4种 ,即双全白环蛇、赤峰锦蛇、黄链蛇、山烙铁头蛇     

河南省爬行动物的地理区划研究

本文首次对河南省爬行动物区系特征及其地理区划进行了研究。河南省现生爬行动物计3目8科40种。可划分为桐柏、大别山地丘陵、伏牛山地丘陵盆地、豫西豫西北山地丘陵台地和黄淮海平原共4个动物地理省。各动物地理省的自然环境、爬行动物组成、种群数量及区系特征均予描述分析。研究发现河南省爬行动物新记录种4种,即双全白环蛇、索峰锦蛇、黄链蛇、山烙铁头蛇。     

福建省两栖、爬行动物更新名录

区域物种编目及适时更新是生物多样性研究和保护实践的必要前提。本文基于福建省全省网格化的野外调查, 并整合文献资料(截至2021年12月), 更新了该省现生本土两栖、爬行动物名录。本名录共收录两栖动物2目9科29属55种、爬行动物2目25科72属126种。其中, 分别有4种两栖动物和2种爬行动物是福建省特有种; 24种两栖动物和18种爬行动物的模式产地位于福建省。与《福建省两栖动物区系及地理区划》和《福建省爬行动物区系及地理区划》的物种名录相比, 本名录新增物种22种, 删除8个物种, 修订64个物种的名称。有6种爬行动物被列为国家I级重点保护动物, 分别有5种两栖动物和25种爬行动物被列为II级保护动物。10种两栖动物被《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第四卷): 两栖动物》评估为受胁物种(2种极危, 1种濒危, 7种易危, 分别占两栖动物物种数的3.64%、1.82%和12.73%); 41种爬行动物被《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第三卷): 爬行动物》评估为受胁物种(11种极危, 15种濒危, 15种易危, 分别占物种数的8.73%、11.90%和11.90%)。     

湖南省永州都庞岭自然保护区爬行动物群落结构的调查研究

本文报道了湖南永州都庞岭自然保护区的４１ 种爬行动物, 它们隶属２ 目,１２ 科, 其中龟鳖目３ 科（平胸龟科、龟科、鳖科） ３ 种; 有鳞目中的蜥蜴亚目５ 科（鬣蜥科、壁虎科、石龙子科、蜥蜴科、双足蜥科） ８ 种;蛇亚目４ 科（闪鳞蛇科、游蛇科、眼镜蛇科、蝰科） ３０ 种。保护区内的爬行动物有１２－２％ 属广布动物, ８７－８％ 属东洋界种类。     

浙江省爬行动物物种现状及区系特征

通过整理分类学文献资料,在1990年出版的《浙江动物志:两栖类爬行类》的基础上,校订更新了浙江省现生爬行动物多样性名录,进而进行了区系特征分析。截至2019年,浙江省共记录现生爬行动物3目18科54属89种及1亚种。其中,有鳞目12科43属77种及1亚种,龟鳖目5科10属11种,鳄形目1科1属1种。中国特有爬行动物20种。国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物分别为2种和5种,省级重点保护野生动物16种。《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录Ⅰ收录7种、附录Ⅱ收录6种、附录Ⅲ收录2种。《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》(IUCN-RL)极危物种(CR)2种、濒危物种(EN)6种,《中国脊椎动物红色名录》(RLCV)极危物种(CR)10种、濒危物种(EN)11种。浙江省爬行动物区系组成以东洋种为主(69种),广布种18种,古北种2种。生态类型以陆栖型为主(61种)。本研究可为爬行动物的系统分类、系统地理和生态学等研究提供基础资料,期望对于浙江省爬行动物的保护和管理有重要意义。     

重庆市爬行动物物种多样性研究及保护

1996～2004年对重庆市35个县(区、市)进行野外调查采集,结合有关资料记载,重庆市共有爬行动物2目12科38属58种,其中龟鳖目4种,有鳞目蜥蜴亚目12种、蛇亚目42种(含重庆市蛇类新记录3属4种)。建议加强对该市爬行动物物种多样性及其生境的保护,合理利用爬行动物资源。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.