大蒜的开发及应用研究

大蒜的开发及应用研究”余纲哲，孙毅１大蒜的食用价位和医用价值１．１大蒜的食用价值大蒜内含丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、胡萝卜素及多种微量元素，是人们一百常生植中喜用的香辛蔬菜和调味佳品。经测定，每１拉尼新鲜大蒜鳞茎中含水分７０９、蛋白质４．...     

三个不同省份富硒大蒜硒含量分析

目的：检测山东、黑龙江、江西三个省份富硒大蒜、普通大蒜、土壤及水源的硒含量,为当地富硒大蒜产业发展提供科学依据。方法：采集山东、黑龙江、江西三个省份富硒大蒜、普通大蒜、土壤及水源共120份,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定总硒含量。结果：山东省富硒大蒜硒含量高于普通大蒜中硒的含量;黑龙江省来信子村富硒大蒜硒含量明显高于其他4个基地;江西省5个地区富硒大蒜硒的含量可以分为两个区间：硒含量较低的区间（11.660 0～31.984 0 μg/100 g）、硒含量较高的区间（86.530 0～97.224 0 μg/100 g）。结论：山东省的富硒大蒜富硒效果好,黑龙江省宝清县来信子村富硒大蒜的富硒效果好,江西省宜春县富硒大蒜均为超富硒农产品。     

大蒜连作障碍形成机理的研究进展

大蒜是我国重要的经济作物,大蒜连作障碍是制约其产量和品质的关键因素.本文从连作障碍对大蒜生长的影响入手,通过阐述大蒜土壤微生物群落失衡、土壤养分不均衡、自毒作用及各因素相互关系等,解析大蒜连作障碍形成的机理机制.同时,对目前大蒜生产中常用的,防治连作障碍的手段进行分析,最后对大蒜连作障碍研究方向做出展望.     

大蒜辣素(二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯)性质及相关研究进展

大蒜辣素作为大蒜的主要生物活性物质因其不稳定性使用受到很大限制,本文综述了大蒜辣素的理化性质及稳定性和大蒜辣素制备及分析方法等研究的相关进展。     

大蒜内生菌对植物病害防治的研究进展

大蒜以其杀菌抑菌作用闻名，研究发现其体内也富含微生物资源，这些微生物的存在对大蒜的功效有重要影响。大蒜内生菌通过自身含有的胞外多糖或者分泌的抗生素等物质可以直接或间接遏制病原微生物的产生，诱导植物产生系统抗性，减少植物病害的发生。本文就植物内生菌的来源、大蒜内生菌的分离与鉴定以及大蒜内生菌对植物病害影响等方面，阐述大蒜内生菌在防治植物病害方面的研究成果。同时，对大蒜内生菌在植物病害生物防治中的应用前景及存在的问题进行了讨论，以期为大蒜内生菌资源的开发利用提供参考。     

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

大蒜生产主要靠无性繁殖 ,因此 ,进行大蒜体细胞胚发育研究具有重要意义。本文对大蒜体细胞胚发育的影响因子进行了综述 ,其中较高浓度的维生素B1 及还原态氮源可能有利于胚胎发生 ,而大蒜体细胞内含物则不利于胚胎发生。此外 ,对大蒜体细胞胚培养中存在的主要问题进行了讨论 ,并认为系统开展体细胞胚发生的细胞分子生物学机理研究、建立悬浮培养体系以及进行大蒜体细胞胚无性系变异的研究等 ,具有广阔的前景。     

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

大蒜生产主要靠无性繁殖,因此,进行大蒜体细胞胚发育研究具有重要意义。本文对大蒜体细胞胚发育的影响因子进行了综述,其中较高浓度的维生素B1及还原态氮源可能有利于胚胎发生,而大蒜体细胞内含物则不利于胚胎发生。此外,对大蒜体细胞胚培养中存在的主要问题进行了讨论,并认为系统开展体细胞胚发生的细胞分子生物学机理研究、建立悬浮培养体系以及进行大蒜体细胞胚无性系变异的研究等,具有广阔的前景。     

浅析大蒜产量低的原因及对策

随着大蒜种植面积的扩大,耕作制度及栽培生态环境不断变化,大蒜植株的抗病性也逐年降低,大蒜病虫害造成的损失越来越大,因此,通过对大蒜产量低的原因分析,总结出相应的防治对策,从而达到增产增收的目的。     

从大蒜鳞瓣提取大蒜油

大蒜(Allium Sativum L.),为百合科植物大蒜的鳞茎,全国各地皆有栽培。医食用途广泛,它的提取物具有很高的医疗价值,又可用作食品调味添加剂。在高等植物含有的植物杀菌素中,以大蒜的效力最大。经营养学的分析,它的可食部分,含有碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷、铁、维他命B_1、维他命B_2、维他命C。看来人体所需要的基本营养成分是比较齐全的,尤其难能可贵的是面粉所缺的维他命C,米中所缺的铁、钙及维他命C,大蒜中都比较丰富。大蒜的药用功能,主要在于大蒜精油,其中含硫化物的混合物可以防治血脂过高,有明显的功效。大蒜中还含有激发人体巨噬细胞吞噬癌细胞的有效成分。     

大蒜中活性物质降血脂研究进展

大蒜及其提取物被广泛用来治疗和预防心血管疾病,如高血脂、动脉粥样硬化、高血压、糖尿病及其它代谢疾病。该文讨论大蒜在治疗高血脂疾病方面的几种可能的机理,以期为其合理利用奠定基础。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.