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1.
粳稻子预44抗LP11稻瘟病菌基因Pizy6(t)的定位   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
稻瘟病是世界范围内严重威胁水稻(Oryza sativa)生产可持续发展的主要病害之一,每年造成10%–30%的水稻产量损失。抗瘟水稻品种的培育和育种利用是解决稻瘟病危害最经济有效的方法。对新的致病性菌株进行分离和筛选是定位与克隆抗病新基因及抗病育种的基础。选择分离自不同稻瘟病发生重灾区的单孢菌株,对广谱抗瘟水稻子预44和感病水稻江南香糯进行致病性鉴定,筛选出两材料间致病性差异明显的5个菌株;进一步利用子预44、湘资3150、9311、日本晴、丽江新团黑谷、中花11、TP309和江南香糯8个抗瘟性不同的水稻材料,对筛选的菌株进行致病性鉴定。结果显示,LP11能使广谱抗瘟籼稻湘资3150严重发病,推测其很可能是新进化出来的强致病菌株。利用子预44和江南香糯杂交构建的F2群体进行抗性遗传分析,结果表明子预44对LP11菌株的抗性是由单显性基因控制。利用SSR分子标记和图位克隆方法在子预44中定位了1个抗稻瘟病基因Pizy6(t)。研究结果不仅为抗病相关研究提供了有价值的新菌株,而且为子预44中抗稻瘟病基因Pizy6(t)的克隆奠定了基础。  相似文献   

2.
广谱抗病基因的利用是控制稻瘟病最有效和最经济的方法。来源于华南的地方稻种暹罗占对稻瘟病菌表现出广谱抗性,以普感品种丽江新团黑谷为轮回亲本选育的暹罗占近等基因系NIL-XLZ对测试的44个不同来源稻瘟病菌的抗性频率为84.4%,其抗谱优于广谱抗瘟基因Pi2、Piz,与抗瘟基因Pi9和Pi50相近。为进一步了解暹罗占抗稻瘟病的遗传基础,以感病品种广恢290为母本、暹罗占为父本,构建了广恢290/暹罗占的F2遗传分离群体。选取致病谱较广的稻瘟病菌代表菌株GD08-T19对来源于广恢290/暹罗占的F1与F2个体进行了抗病遗传分析,结果显示F1个体全表现抗病,1760个F2个体的抗感分离比率为4.06∶1,表明暹罗占至少含有一个显性的抗稻瘟病基因。利用分布于Pi2、Pi1、Pita座位附近的44对SSR引物,对构建的抗/感基因池及遗传分离个体进行了分析,将暹罗占含有的一个抗瘟基因定位于水稻第6染色体Pi2/Pi9/Pi50基因家族区域247 kb的范围内。抗菌谱分析、基因特异性分子标记检测及测序分析结果表明:暹罗占含有广谱抗瘟基因Pi50。本研究结果为暹罗占在水稻抗病育种上的应用提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

3.
水稻抗稻瘟病基因资源与分子育种策略   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
稻瘟病是水稻主要病害之一。利用抗病品种是防治稻瘟病最经济、有效和安全的措施。近年来,随着植物先天免疫机制、抗病分子生物学以及水稻和稻瘟菌基因组学研究的不断深入,一系列参与病原菌识别和防卫信号传导与应答,以及外源抗菌蛋白、病原菌激发子等抗病相关基因陆续被鉴定和克隆,为提高水稻抗稻瘟病能力提供了一些新的基因资源、育种策略和技术。本文概述了国内外近年来克隆的主要抗稻瘟病基因资源及其在分子育种研究中应用的进展,提出了通过转基因手段整合不同防卫反应关键调控基因的抗稻瘟病聚合育种策略。  相似文献   

4.
稻瘟病是由子囊菌引起的广泛发生在世界各水稻产区的主要真菌病害。由于病原菌致病性的高度分化,使得对稻瘟病很难控制和防治。长期实践证明,培育抗病品种是稻瘟病抗病育种的主要目标。随着基因工程的发展,利用转基因技术导入外源基因改良稻瘟病抗性已成为一条新途径。现有研究表明,通过某些抗病基因、抗真菌蛋白基因、杀菌肽基因的克隆和转育,可以培育出获得对稻瘟病广谱抗性的水稻品种(系)。  相似文献   

5.
水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi25是一个遗传传递能力强的广谱抗性基因。本研究以携带抗稻瘟病基因Pi25的BL27为抗源供体,与优质、配合力强、感稻瘟病的水稻保持系臻达B为受体亲本进行杂交、回交创制水稻抗病保持系新种质,再与臻达A测交和回交进行不育系转育,结合分子标记辅助选择和农艺性状筛选,获得3个抗性基因纯合、农艺性状和开花习性均与臻达A相似的改良不育系株系。利用福建省近年来致病性代表的22个稻瘟病菌株对3个改良不育系及其15个杂交种进行抗性鉴定,3个改良不育系的抗性频率为95.45%~100%,15个杂交种的抗性频率均达75%以上,而原始对照臻达A及其杂交种的抗性频率仅为54.55%和40.91%~63.64%。自然病圃诱发鉴定表明,3个改良不育系的叶瘟和穗颈瘟均为0级,表现高抗,而对照臻达A的叶瘟为5级,穗颈瘟为7级,表现感病;15个杂交种均表现良好的稻瘟病抗性。进一步分析比较15个杂交种的产量、农艺性状和稻米品质表现,结果表明臻达A-Pi25-3改良不育系的综合性状表现最优,继续回交转育,于2015年育成了稻瘟病抗性强、配合力好、群体整齐和性状稳定的不育系,命名为157A。研究表明,抗稻瘟病基因Pi25不仅在水稻不育系臻达A的遗传背景下的抗性表达完全,且在不同水稻恢复系测交种的背景下同样表现出较高水平的抗性,说明抗性基因Pi25对不育系稻瘟病改良的效果明显。创制的新不育系157A的稻瘟病抗性显著提高,还基本保留了原来不育系高配合力等优良特性,为选育高产、优质、抗病杂交稻新品种提供了不育系新种质。  相似文献   

6.
国外引进水稻种质资源的稻瘟病抗性基因检测与评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了筛选出福建省水稻稻瘟病重发区育种中可利用的新抗性资源,在福建省上杭县对156份外引水稻种质资源进行了2年田间自然诱发鉴定,并对Pi2、Pi9、Pi5、Pi54、Pikm、Pita、Pia和Pib等8个稻瘟病抗性基因做了分子检测。结果表明:156份资源对苗瘟、叶瘟、穗颈瘟和综合抗性表现抗病的分别有10份、14份、29份和26份,且苗瘟抗性级别与叶瘟抗性级别(r=0.816,P<0.01)、苗瘟抗性级别与穗颈瘟抗性级别(r=0.347,P<0.01)、以及叶瘟抗性级别与穗颈瘟抗性级别(r=0.344,P<0.01),均呈极显著正相关。分子标记检测到携带稻瘟病抗性基因Pi9、Pi2、Pi54、Pikm、Pi5、Pib、Pia和Pita的水稻资源分别有1、6、20、22、37、88、101和106份,其中携带稻瘟病抗性基因Pi9和Pi2的水稻资源的抗性表现较好,表现抗病的超过60%,携带其他稻瘟病抗性基因的水稻资源表现抗病的均在50%以下;水稻资源携带0~6个稻瘟病抗性基因,随着携带抗性基因数目增加,抗病率呈上升趋势,综合抗性等级呈下降趋势。进一步研究发现,携带Pi9+Pi5+Pikm+Pia、Pi5+Pib+Pita+Pikm+Pia和Pi2+Pi54+Pib+Pita+Pikm+Pia等3个基因型的水稻资源,稻瘟病抗性较好。最后,筛选了8份稻瘟病抗性较好的材料,提供育种者参考、利用。  相似文献   

7.
水稻穗瘟防卫反应相关基因的分离和鉴定   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以遗传背景相近、对叶瘟抗性相同但对穗瘟抗性不同的两个水稻株系为材料,利用抑制消减杂交(SSH)技术构建穗瘟抗/感消减cDNA文库,经差异筛选及序列分析,共获得90个独立的差异表达cDNA克隆,根据与它们刚源的基因功能推测,这些克隆可能参与了对病原菌的防卫反应、信号传导和转录等一些重要的生物学过程。利ⅢRT-PCR分析了26个所筛选到的cDNA克隆在抗/感植株接种后的表达,17个基因的表达差异得到验证。对这螳差异表达基因在抗感株系接种后不同时间点的表达谱也进行了RT-PCR的分析。文章首次报道了什关水稻对穗瘟抗性在mRNA水平进行研究,为深入研究水稻对穗瘟抗性的遗传机理打下了基础。  相似文献   

8.
利用抗稻瘟病水稻资源品种杂交,聚合多个抗性基因是培育持久抗稻瘟病水稻新品种的主要育种途径.利用分子标记技术对水稻抗性资源进行基因型鉴定是分子辅助聚合育种的基础.通过以亚华种业科学院稻瘟病病圃抗病水稻资源为材料,利用特异性分子标记对Pi9、Pita、Pib以及Pikm基因在水稻抗稻瘟病资源的分布进行了鉴定,初步建立了抗性基因数据库.同时对抗性基因及与抗性反应的相关性进行了探讨,结果表明以Pi9为主效基因,同时聚合Pita和Pib抗性基因能提高持久抗稻瘟病能力.  相似文献   

9.
稻瘟病分子生物学研究进展   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
稻瘟病分子生物学发展迅速,已分子标记定位的稻瘟病主效抗性基因15个,微效抗性基因3个;水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi-ta和Pi-b已成功克隆。稻瘟病菌系谱与致病型关系可分为简单与复杂两种类型。本文对水稻抗稻瘟病基因的定位和克隆,稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构,致病性遗传、基因组分析、无毒基因克隆、准性生殖等研究进展进行了评述。  相似文献   

10.
粳稻子预44中稻瘟病数量抗性位点分析   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
周镕  王波  杨睿  李书  樊琳琳  曾千春  罗琼 《植物学报》2015,50(6):691-698
稻瘟病是世界范围内影响水稻(Oryza sativa)生产的主要病害。抗稻瘟病基因的发掘和育种利用是控制稻瘟病经济、环保的有效措施。为了揭示云南地方水稻品种子预44广谱持久抗瘟机制,利用江南香糯和子预44杂交构建的F7重组自交群体,采用苗期稻瘟病菌自然诱发接种法,通过调查田间抗瘟性表型数据,结合基因型数据对子预44中的数量抗瘟性位点进行了分析。结果表明,在连锁系数(logarithm of odds,LOD)大于2.0的域值上,共检测出13个QTLs,分别位于第1、2、6、8、12号染色体上。不同位点表型贡献值差异较大,范围为5.8%–21.9%,其中8号染色体上标记RM72–RM404之间的QTLs可解释约61.9%的表型变异,很可能为一个主效抗瘟QTL位点。多个位点的主效和微效抗性相结合可能是子预44持久稻瘟病抗性的分子基础。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The identification and utilization of broad-spectrum resistance genes have been proven the most effective and economical approach to control rice blast disease. To understand the molecular mechanism of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, we conducted genetic and fine mapping analysis of the blast resistance gene in a Chinese rice variety: Gumei 4 (GM4) identified with broad-spectrum resistance and used in rice breeding for blast resistance for more than 20 years. Genetic and mapping analysis indicated that blast resistance to nine isolates of different Chinese races in GM4 was controlled by the same dominant locus designated as Pigm(t) that was finely mapped to an approximately 70-kb interval between markers C5483 and C0428 on chromosome 6, which contains five candidate NBS--LRR disease resistance genes. The allelism test showed that Pigm(t) was either tightly linked or allelic to Pi2 and Pi9, two known blast resistance genes. Mapping information also indicated that another blast resistance gene Pi26(t) might also be located at the same region. Candidate genes were identified by sequence analysis of the Nipponbare and Pi9 locus and the corresponding region in GM4. Sequence divergence of candidate genes was observed between GM4 and model varieties Nipponbare and 9311, and Pi9. Our current study provides essential information and new genetic resource for the cloning of functional resistance gene(s) and for marker-assisted selection in rice breeding for broad-spectrum blast resistance.Yiwen Deng and Xudong Zhu contributed equally to this work.  相似文献   

13.
The AC134922 locus is one of the most rapidly evolving nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) gene family in rice genome. Six rice blast resistance (R) genes have been cloned from this locus and other two resistance candidate genes, Pi34 and Pi47, are also mapped to this complex locus. Therefore, it seems that more functional R genes could be identified from this locus. In this study, we cloned 22 genes from 12 cultivars based on allele-mining strategy at this locus and identified 6 rice blast R genes with 4 of them recognizing more than one isolates. Our result suggests that gene stacking might be the evolutionary strategy for complex gene locus to interact with rapidly evolving pathogens, which might provide a potential way for the cloning of durable resistance genes. Moreover, the mosaic structure and ambiguous ortholog/paralog relationships of these homologous genes, caused by frequent recombination and gene conversion, indicate that multiple alleles of this complex locus may serve as a reservoir for the evolutionary novelty of these R genes.  相似文献   

14.
To understand the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, fine-scale mapping of the two blast resistance (R) genes, Pi9( t) and Pi2( t), was conducted. These two genes were introgressed from different resistance donors, previously reported to confer resistance to many blast isolates in the Philippines, and were mapped to an approximately 10-cM interval on chromosome 6. To further test their resistance spectrum, 43 blast isolates collected from 13 countries were used to inoculate the Pi2( t) and Pi9( t) plants. Pi9( t)-bearing lines were highly resistant to all isolates tested, and lines carrying Pi2( t) were resistant to 36 isolates, confirming the broad-spectrum resistance of these two genes to diverse blast isolates. Three RAPD markers tightly linked to Pi9( t) were identified using the bulk segregant analysis technique. Twelve positive bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones were identified and a BAC contig covering about 100 kb was constructed when the Pi9( t) BAC library was screened with one of the markers. A high-resolution map of Pi9( t) was constructed using BAC ends. The Pi2( t) gene was tightly linked to all of the Pi9( t) markers in 450 F(2) plants. These data suggest that Pi9( t) and Pi2( t) are either allelic or tightly linked in an approximately 100-kb region. The mapping results for Pi9( t) and Pi2( t) provide essential information for the positional cloning of these two important blast resistance genes in rice.  相似文献   

15.
The use of broad-spectrum R genes is an effective way to achieve durable resistance against rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Couch, anamorph: Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We previously surveyed the diversity of blast resistance in 948 rice varieties and found a Myanmar rice landrace, Haoru (International Rice Research Institute genebank acc. no. IRGC33090), with broad-spectrum resistance against the standard differential blast isolates. Here, we examined the genetic basis of Haoru’s broad-spectrum resistance by using the standard blast differential system consisting of the standard isolates and differential varieties. For genetic analysis, we used a BC1F1 population and BC1F2 lines derived from crosses of Haoru with a susceptible variety, US-2. Co-segregation analysis of the reaction pattern in the BC1F1 population against the 20 standard isolates suggested that Haoru harbors three R genes. By using bulk-segregant and linkage analysis, we mapped two of the three R genes on chromosomes 12 and 6, and designated them as Pi58(t) and Pi59(t), respectively. Pi58(t) and Pi59(t) were differentiated from other reported R genes using the standard differential system. The estimated resistance spectrum of Pi58(t) corresponded with that of Haoru, suggesting that Pi58(t) is primarily responsible for Haoru’s broad-spectrum resistance. In addition, Pi59(t) and the third gene were also proven to be new and useful genetic resources for studying and improving blast resistance in rice.  相似文献   

16.
The deployment of broad-spectrum resistance genes is the most effective and economic means of controlling blast in rice. The cultivar Er-Ba-Zhan (EBZ) is a widely used donor of blast resistance in South China, with many cultivars derived from it displaying broad-spectrum resistance against blast. Mapping in a set of recombinant inbred lines bred from the cross between EBZ and the highly blast-susceptible cultivar Liangjiangxintuanheigu (LTH) identified in EBZ a blast resistance gene on each of chromosomes 1 (Pish), 6 (Pi2/Pi9) and 12 (Pita/Pita-2). The resistance spectrum and race specificity of the allele at Pi2/Pi9 were both different from those present in other known Pi2/Pi9 carriers. Fine-scale mapping based on a large number of susceptible EBZ?×?LTH F(2) and EBZ?×?LTH BC(1)F(2) segregants placed the gene within a 53-kb segment, which includes Pi2/Pi9. Sequence comparisons of the LRR motifs of the four functional NBS-LRR genes within Pi2/Pi9 revealed that the EBZ allele is distinct from other known Pi2/Pi9 alleles. As a result, the gene has been given the designation Pi50(t).  相似文献   

17.
Ashikawa I  Hayashi N  Yamane H  Kanamori H  Wu J  Matsumoto T  Ono K  Yano M 《Genetics》2008,180(4):2267-2276
The rice blast resistance gene Pikm was cloned by a map-based cloning strategy. High-resolution genetic mapping and sequencing of the gene region in the Pikm-containing cultivar Tsuyuake narrowed down the candidate region to a 131-kb genomic interval. Sequence analysis predicted two adjacently arranged resistance-like genes, Pikm1-TS and Pikm2-TS, within this candidate region. These genes encoded proteins with a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and were considered the most probable candidates for Pikm. However, genetic complementation analysis of transgenic lines individually carrying these two genes negated the possibility that either Pikm1-TS or Pikm2-TS alone was Pikm. Instead, it was revealed that transgenic lines carrying both of these genes expressed blast resistance. The results of the complementation analysis and an evaluation of the resistance specificity of the transgenic lines to blast isolates demonstrated that Pikm-specific resistance is conferred by cooperation of Pikm1-TS and Pikm2-TS. Although these two genes are not homologous with each other, they both contain all the conserved motifs necessary for an NBS-LRR class gene to function independently as a resistance gene.  相似文献   

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19.
辽宁地区水稻资源抗稻瘟病基因的检测分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了明确辽宁地区水稻资源中抗稻瘟病基因的分布情况及抗病效应,选取辽宁地区水稻资源176份,鉴定了抗稻瘟病基因pi21、Pi36、Pi37、Pita、Pid2、Pid3、Pi5及Pib在这些材料中的分布情况,并接种鉴定了这些材料对稻瘟病的抗性。结果表明:176份供试材料中,83份对稻瘟病表现抗病,栽培稻、杂草稻及农家种中抗病品种所占的比率分别为41.48%、1.14%及4.54%。抗稻瘟病基因pi21、Pi36和Pi37在所有参试材料中均未检测到,且分别有74份、49份、47份、52份及89份材料携带Pita、Pid2、Pid3、Pi5及Pib的抗病等位基因。抗病基因绝大部分分布在栽培种中,农家种和杂草稻中分布较少。不含有抗稻瘟病基因和只携带单个抗病基因的材料对稻瘟病的抗性均较差,而抗病基因聚合可不同程度提高材料的抗性。经检测,不含有本试验鉴定的pi21等8个已克隆抗病基因的材料共32份,其中表现抗病的占21.87%;只携带1个抗稻瘟病基因的材料为52份,表现抗病的占17.31%;携带2个抗稻瘟病基因的材料为39份,表现抗病的占69.23%,其中以携带Pita+Pi5的材料最多(14份),且均表现抗病;携带3个抗稻瘟病基因的材料为31份,表现抗病的占77.42%,以携带Pita+Pid3+Pi5的材料抗性最强;携带4个抗稻瘟病基因的水稻材料22份,表现抗病的占72.73%,携带5个抗病基因的水稻材料未检测到。  相似文献   

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