New species and new records of recently described species of the coral genus Acropora (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniina: Acroporidae) from Indonesia

Six new species of the coral genus Acropora arc described from Indonesia. These include a species which is remarkable for tubercular cocnostcal structures similar to those of the confamilial genus Montipora. The new species include three regional endemics (A. togianensis and A. batunai from central east Sulawesi and A. derawanensis from east Kalimantan), one species with broad distribution across the southern island chains (A. sukarnoi) and two species which occur throughout most of the Indonesian archipelago (A. Indonesia and A. hoeksemai). A further two species described from Western Australia and Papua New Guinea in 1994 (A. turaki and A. jacquelineae respectively) are recorded from Indonesia for the first time, as common members of an unusual assemblage type in the Togian Islands. The range of another species described from Lombok in 1994 (A. suharsonoi) is extended into Bali. With A. desalwii, A. lokani and A. indiana , this brings to 12 the number of Acropora species newly recorded as being endemic to the Indonesian archipelago or to Indonesia and one adjoining region (either the Indian Ocean or the western Pacific).     

白锈菌一新种

本文报道了在四川采集的寄生于荨麻科植物粗齿冷水花(Pilea fasciata Franch)叶片上白锈菌的一个新种,命名为冷水花白锈(Albugo pileae rao et Y. Qin sp. nov.),并附拉丁文和汉文描述及形态图,还讨论了新种与近似种之间的区别。     

Trophic levels in community food webs

Summary Four concepts are considered for the trophic level of a species in a community food web. The long-way-up-level (or LU-level) of species A is the length of the longest simple food chain from a basal species (one with no prey in the web) to A. (A simple chain is a chain that does not pass through any given species more than once.) The short-way-up-level (SU-level) of species A is the length of the shortest chain from a basal species to A. The long-way-down-level (LD-level) of species A is the length of the longest simple chain from species A to a top species (one with no consumers in the web). The short-way-down-level (SD-level) of species A is the length of the shortest chain from species A to a top species. The stratigraphy of a web is the analogue for species of the pyramid of numbers for individuals: it is the frequency distribution of species according to level. The LU-, SU-, LD-, and SD-stratigraphies of the seven webs in the Briand-Cohen collection with 30 or more trophic species reveal no species with LU-level or LD-level more than 6, no species with SU-level more than 3, and no species with SD-level more than 2. In all seven webs, SD-levels are stochastically less than SU-levels: species tend to be closer to a top predator than to a basal species. Two stochastic models of food web structure (the cascade model and the homogeneous superlinear model) correctly predict that 95% or more of species should have LU-level and LD-level in the range 0–6. The models also correctly predict some details of the distribution of species in the SU- and SD-stratigraphies, particularly the fraction of species in level 1. The models do not, in general, correctly predict the distribution of species within the range 0–6 of LU-levels and LD-levels.     

埃及Aphytis黄蚜小蜂属记述附二新种描述（膜翅目：蚜小蜂科）

对埃及的黄蚜小蜂属进行了综述,并描述了2个新种,即Aphytis azai Abd—Rabou和Aphytis matruhi Abd—Rabou。文章对产自埃及的17个种做了简要描述,还提供了寄主和分布信息,以及埃及黄蚜小蜂属的分种检索表。新种A．azai sp．nov．与A．melinus相似,但区别在于触角节的大小。新种A．matruhi sp．nov．区别于A．lepidosaphes之处在于间节、后胸腹板以及小盾片的相对长度不同。     

中国阿缨小蜂属分类研究（膜翅目：缨小蜂科）

本文简述了缨小蜂科阿缨小蜂属Acmopolynema的分类现状和已知寄主情况,描述了中国阿缨小蜂属5个种,其中3个新种.喜马阿缨小蜂A. himalum Hayat & Binte 和东方阿缨小蜂A. orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 为中国分布新记录,同时提供了中国阿缨小蜂属已知5个种的分类检索表,并附主要形态特征图.所有标本保存在福建农林大学生物防治研究所.1. 长基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema longicoxilla, 新种 (图1～4)本新种与2双暗带阿缨小蜂A. bifasciatipenne (Girault) 相似,但前翅最长缘毛小于翅宽的一半、后足跗节小于胫节等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.2. 网基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema reticoxilla, 新种 (图5～10)本新种与本属其它种较易区分,特征如下 前胸背板完整,不分裂;前翅无暗带;后足基节网状,侧缘具刚毛.正模 ♂,福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.3. 弯尾阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema campylura, 新种 (图15～20)本新种与东方阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 相似,但本种前胸背板完整、前翅仅中间一暗带上翅毛特化、并胸腹节上脊的形状以及后足基节上的毛列等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建福州, 1987-Ⅸ-21,林乃铨.     

A new species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from beaked whales (Ziphiidae): allozyme and morphological evidence

Larvae and adults of Anisakis, recovered from the beaked whales Mesoplodon layardii and Ziphius cavirostris from the Mediterranean Sea and South African waters, were analysed morphologically and by molecular markers (allozymes). A new Anisakis species was identified, showing fixed allele differences at a number of loci from the other Anisakis spp. tested (A. simplex complex, A. physeteris). The lack of hybrid or recombinant genotypes in mixed infections with A. pegreffii, A. simplex C and A. physeteris, as well as the high values of genetic distance (average D_Nei = 1.65 from the members of the A. simplex complex, and D_Nei = 3.09 from A. physeteris) showed that the new species is reproductively isolated. This new Anisakis species is morphologically different from the other Anisakis retained by Davey (1971) as either good species or species inquirendae. The name Anisakis ziphidarum n. sp. is proposed for the new species.     

A new species of Bricelochlorops Paganelli and the first record of Urubambina rufa (Duda) (Diptera: Chloropidae) from Brazil

The subfamily Chloropinae comprises about 442 described species, with only one species recorded from the Brazilian Amazon. The genus Bricelochlorops Paganelli was represented by a unique species from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The species Urubambina rufa (Duda) is the only species of the genus Urubambina Paganelli and has been recorded only from Peru. A new species of Bricelochlorops, B. celutae sp. nov., is described here and Urubambina rufa is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Both species were collected in the state of Acre. A key to species of Bricelochlorops is provided.     

假丝酵母一新种——北京假丝酵母

本文研究了一株从水果表皮分离到的假丝酵母,它与至今已发表的所有已知假丝酵母均不相同,定名为北京假丝酵母(Candida beijingensis)。     

THREE NEW SPECIES AND KEY TO SPECIES OF THE GENUS ARTHRO-MACRA KIRBY FROM CHINA (COLEOPTERA: LAGRIIDAE)

Abstract Three new species of the genus Arthromacra Kirby from China, A. rubidorsalis, A. enty-podera and A. tibetana are described. The species A. decora is described. A key to Chinese species of the genus is given. With 14 original pictures.     

Comparative leaf anatomy of Alpinia Roxb. species (Zingiberaceae) from China

The leaf anatomy of 20 Alpinia species from China was investigated. Results show that there is interspecific variation in the structure of the leaf midrib and petiole which can be used for species identification. Adaxial hypodermis is present in the lamina in all species of subgenus Catimbium and absent from all species of subgenera Dieramalpinia and Aobolocalyx and Alpinia , excepting A. conchigera, A. galanga and A. aquatica , which appear to be closely allied in having subepidermal fibres in midribs and petioles, which are absent from the rest of the species.     

中国玉蕈甲属一新种一新纪录种(鞘翅目,大蕈甲科)

记述中国玉蕈甲属Amblyopus 1新种,宽胫玉蕈甲A.planitibialis sp.nov.和1新纪录种,纵带玉蕈甲A.vittatus(Olivier,1807).新种与A.csikii Ch(u)j(o),1964在外形上相似,其区别于后者的主要特征是:体背面极度隆起;鞘翅基斑从外缘伸达第3刻点行;胫节宽三角形.提供了我国已知种目录及其检索表.模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

中国绵粉蚧属种类记述(同翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科)

研究和整理了中国绵粉蚧属Ｐｈｅｎａｃｏｃｃｕｓ Ｃｏｃｋｅｒｅｌｌ的种类和分布。截至目前,我国该属计有２０种,其中包括本文３新种：无管绵粉蚧Ｐ．ａｔｕｂｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,内蒙粉蚧Ｐ．ｎｅｉｍｅｎｇｕｌｉｃｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和山西绵粉蚧Ｐ．ｓｈａｎｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及６个中国新纪录种：盐木绵粉蚧Ｐ．ａｒｔｈｒｏｐｈｙｔｉ Ａｒｃｈａｎｇｅｌｓｋａｙａ,时麦绵粉蚧Ｐ．ｐｒｅｉ     

中国西北地区维特疣(虫兆)属一新种(弹尾纲,疣(虫兆)科)

描述了采自中国西北地区的维特疣属Vitronura1新种——陕西维特疣,模式标本保存在中国科学院上海生命科学研究院。新种与属内其它种的区别在于上颚具有7齿,上唇有4根毛,头部背面毛的数量明显少于其它种类,An疣上有2根毛,胸部第2～3节的Di疣上分别有3根毛,腹部第1～4节De疣上分别有3根普通毛和1根感觉毛,腹部第5节的Di疣互相分离。文中同时还编制了该属中国种类检索表。     

中国宽膜伪叶甲属三新种记述及中国种类检索表(鞘翅目:伪叶甲科)(英文)

描述了宽膜伪叶甲属ArthromacraKirby3个新种;红背宽膜伪叶甲A．rubidorsalis、刻胸宽膜伪叶甲A．entypodera和西藏宽膜伪叶甲A．tibetana;对丽宽膜伪叶甲Adecora进行了重新描述;编制了中国已知的10个种的分种检索表;绘制了14幅原始图。     

Acacia species and rhizobial interactions: Implications for restoration of native vegetation

Summary For successful restoration of native vegetation on nitrogen-depauperate soils, an understanding of nitrogen-fixing relationships between plant host species and their bacterial symbionts is critical. Each of three geographically restricted Acacia species ( A. fulva , A. nano-dealbata , and A. trachyphloia ) and three widely distributed species ( A. dealbata , A. implexa , and A. melanoxylon ) were inoculated with 20 different rhizobial ( Bradyrhizobium spp.) strains. The strains comprised two obtained from each of 10 different host species, including the six Acacia species listed above plus a further four species, A. cangaiensis , A. cincinnata , A. deanei , A. mearnsii . Neither restricted nor widely distributed species grew more effectively with their own strains than with strains isolated from other species. Thus, host species with restricted geographical ranges did not demonstrate greater specialization in their symbiotic associations with rhizobia than widespread species. Highly significant variation was observed between the strains obtained from each host species with respect to their ability to promote effective plant growth across all host species. In many cases, strains that were highly effective at promoting growth for one host species, were comparatively ineffective in combination with other host species. Strains thus exhibited host specificity in their ability to fix nitrogen. These findings indicate that choosing appropriate rhizobial strains for inoculation prior to revegetation is critical and should be made carefully for both restricted and widespread species.
Key words distribution, nitrogen fixation, revegetation, symbiotic interactions.     

中国钝猛蚁属系统分类研究(膜翅目:蚁科)

研究了钝猛蚁属Amblyopone Erichson的中国种类,描述云南省2新种。目前为止在中国已知该属昆虫7种,布农钝猛蚁A.bruni(Forel),酒井钝猛蚁A.sakaii Terayama分布于台湾省 ;西氏钝猛蚁A.silvestrii(Wheeler)分布于台湾省和浙江省;罗思尼钝猛蚁A.rothneyi Forel分布于澳门;褐红钝猛蚁A.rubiginoa Wu et Wang分布于湖南省;三叶钝猛蚁A.triloba sp.nov.细齿钝猛蚁A.crenata.sp.nov.分布于云南省,提供了东亚和南亚地区该属已知13个种的工蚁检索表。     

Description of Culicoides pseudoheliconiae sp.n. from Peruvian Amazon and revalidation of Culicoides contubernalis Ortiz & Leon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

A new species of the Culicoides hylas species group, Culicoides pseudoheliconiae Felippe-Bauer is described and illustrated based on female specimens from Peruvian Amazon, and Culicoides contubernalis Ortiz & Leon from Ecuador is resurrected and redescribed as a valid species. A systematic key, table with numerical characters of females of species of the Culicoides hylas group are given.     

中国海鼓虾科角鼓虾属分类研究(甲壳亚门,十足目)

对中国海鼓虾科角鼓虾属系统分类进行了研究.角鼓虾全世界共记录34种,其中中国海记录了9种.本文中记录中国海分布的角鼓虾属Athanas 8种,其中对中国海2新纪录种A.polymorphus Kemp和A.squillophilus Hayashi,进行了描记,并提供了中国角鼓虾种检索表.在中国的材料中:A.japonicus、A.ohsimai、A.polymorphus及A.squillophilus 4种的螯足表现了多态性,A.ohsimai和A.squillophilus的螯足多态性也是首次发现和记载.所有研究测量标本均保存在中国科学院海洋研究所.     

中国广西省节腹泥蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：方头泥蜂科）

记述采自中国广西的方头泥蜂科Crabronidae、大头泥蜂亚科Philanthinae、节腹泥蜂属Cerceris 1新种:滑腹节腹泥蜂Cerceris abdominiglabra sp.nov.,列出了中国1新纪录种:小齿节腹泥蜂C.odontophora Schletterer。编制了吉丁节腹泥蜂组Cerceris bupresticida Group中国已知种类检索表。新种模式标本保存在浙江大学寄生蜂标本室。     

Systemic reorganization of the architectonics of polytene chromosomes in the onto- and phylogenesis of malarial mosquitoes. II. Species specificity in the pattern of chromosome relations with the nuclear envelope of nutrient ovarian cells

Essential differences in the architecture of the chromosomes between the 7 species of Anopheles maculipennis complex are found. The system of chromosomes' attachment to the nuclear envelope is invariant within particular species, each of the species studied, together with homosequential A. maculipennis and A. subalpinus differing one from another. The spatial organization of nutrse ovarian cell chromosomes in experimental hybrids (A. maculipennis X A. subalpinus and A. sacharovi X A. matrinius) shows species-specificity pattern of parental species. Thus, the spatial organization of interphase nucleus is the invariant species sign, and from the author's point of view, this phenomenon is due to penetration of new type mutations--systemic mutations (according to Richard Goldschmidt), directly connected with speciation.