荒漠草原区4种植物群落土壤种子库特征及其土壤理化性质

土壤种子库作为地上植被更新的潜在种源,在植被自然恢复和演替过程以及生态系统建设中起着重要作用。以宁夏盐池县荒漠草原区4种植物群落为研究对象,通过对封育16年后植物群落土壤理化性质的变化与其土壤种子库的特征之间的关系的探讨,揭示荒漠草原植物群落的土壤种子库分布特征和演替趋势,以及土壤质量的改变如何影响土壤种子库特征。研究结果表明：（1）不同植物群落土壤种子库物种组成及种子密度不同,同一物种在不同植物群落土壤种子库中出现时种子密度也存在差异;禾本科、菊科、藜科植物种在4种植物群落土壤种子库中出现比例均较高,分别占到26.19%、21.43%和19.05%,占总物种数的66.7%;灰绿藜、冰草、碱蓬在4种植物群落土壤种子库中均有出现。（2）4种植物群落土壤种子库中多年生植物和一年生植物种子居多,灌木、半灌木植物种较少。（3）4种植物群落土壤种子库中物种数和种子密度均表现为：芨芨草群落 > 苦豆子群落 > 油蒿群落 > 盐爪爪群落;且随着土层的加深,4种植物群落土壤种子库中物种数和种子密度均呈递减趋势。（4）4种植物群落土壤种子库中Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpsin指数、Pielou指数和Patrick指数均表现为芨芨草群落 > 苦豆子群落 > 油蒿群落 > 盐爪爪群落。此外,芨芨草群落土壤种子库与油蒿群落土壤种子库相似性最高,油蒿群落与盐爪爪群落的最低。（5）土壤种子库物种多样性特征指数与土壤pH、含水量、碱解氮呈正相关,与土壤电导率呈负相关,其中土壤pH和电导率对种子库物种多样性的影响较大。荒漠草原封育以后,土壤种子库中植物种数、种子密度和物种多样性均呈增加趋势,且以多年生植物和一年生植物种子居多;禾本科和豆科植物的物种数和种子密度大于菊科和藜科,这表明围封后牧草品质改善,植物群落正向演替。     

黄河三角洲自然保护区典型植物群落物种组成及多样性梯度变化

以黄河三角洲自然保护区典型湿地群落为研究对象,探讨其物种组成及物种多样性的梯度变化规律。结果表明,从芦苇－香蒲群落到翅碱蓬群落梯度上：（1）群落物种丰富度呈波动性变化,旱柳－芦苇－白茅群落的物种丰富度最高,其次是芦苇－柽柳－翅碱蓬群落、芦苇－香蒲群落、柽柳－翅碱蓬群落,翅碱蓬群落的物种丰富最低;（2）群落的α多样性的变化格局与丰富度的变化格局不太一致,其中Shannon-Winner多样性指数与Pelou均匀度指数表现为波动性的下降趋势,而Simpson优势度指数则表现为波动性的上升趋势;（3）群落的β多样性变化格局也不完全相同,其中相异性系数呈波动性降低趋势,Copy指数则表现为先升高再降低的变化趋势。黄河三角洲典型湿地植物群落组成和物种多样性的梯度变化主要与生境变化有关。     

山东省渤海沿岸滨海湿地草本植物群落物种组成及多样性研究

以山东省渤海沿岸滨海湿地草本植物群落为研究对象, 探讨其物种组成及其群落多样性变化规律。结果表明: 研究区域内共有草本植物83 种, 隶属23 科62 属, 其中, 禾本科和菊科种类最多, 占所有植物种类的34.94%。研究区内植物科属分布以世界分布和泛热带分布为主; 草本植物以芦苇最为常见, 出现频率高达66%。采用Ward 最小方差法进行聚类, 将50 个样地划分为12 类植物群落, 包括芦苇群落、芦苇+碱蓬群落、芦苇+盐地碱蓬群落、碱蓬群落、盐地碱蓬群落、中亚滨藜+长芒稗群落、芦苇+荻群落、盐角草群落、互花米草群落、白茅群落、芦苇+獐毛群落和芦苇+柽柳+假苇拂子茅群。物种丰富度指数的变化范围为3-40, Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和Simpson 多样性指数的变化范围分别是0.14-2.20 和0.05-0.84, 不同植物群落类型的物种多样性指数差异显著; 物种均匀度指数的变化范围是0.12-0.83, 整体起伏较大, 优势种不明显。目前植物多样性的现状主要受由气候变暖、河流断流等自然因素和人类对湿地的不合理开发利用等人为因素影响, 并指出应该建立和完善相应的湿地保护法律法规, 增加湿地修复与重建工作, 加强宣传教育, 合理开发利用湿地, 促进滨海湿地生态系统可持续发展。     

青海湖鸟岛盐碱地植被演替的初步研究

利用聚类分析和演替度分析方法,研究青海湖鸟岛地区湖水退缩形成的盐碱地植物群落类型及其演替过程。结果表明,青海湖鸟岛湖水退缩形成的盐碱地植被有四大主要群落类型为碱蓬单优群落,碱蓬 西伯利亚蓼群落,西伯利亚蓼 碱茅 碱蓬群落和碱茅 西伯利亚蓼 碱蓬群落;青海湖鸟岛盐碱地植被有两条演替线路,为盐碱沙地群落演替线路(碱蓬单优群落经碱蓬 西伯利亚蓼群落,向西伯利亚蓼 碱茅 碱蓬群落演替)和盐碱草地演替线路(碱蓬单—优势种群落,经碱蓬 西伯利亚蓼群落,向碱茅 西伯利亚蓼 碱蓬群落演替);随着植物群落的演替,物种多样性增加,均匀度提高,而丰富度在不同的演替线路表现不同的规律。     

大丰麋鹿保护区不同生境梯度下滩涂湿地植被的群落特征

以江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区第三核心区内的滩涂湿地植被为对象,采用样线法结合样方法进行野外调查,并采用等级聚类分析、主成分分析(PCA)和Shannon-Wiener物种多样性、Simpson生态优势度、Pielou群落均匀度等指数分析群落特征。结果表明,34个样地共有植物5科11属11种,划分为5种群落类型,群落优势种明显,伴生种较少,种类组成单调,均为草本植物;从近海至近岸滩涂湿地植被的分布呈现出较为明显的规律性变化:互花米草群落→碱蓬群落→大穗结缕草群落→芦苇群落→白茅群落,其物种多样性、生态优势度和群落均匀度均较低,物种丰富度呈现出由低到高再降低的趋势;PCA和植物生理特性分析结果暗示,土壤盐分梯度是影响植物群落分布的主要因素。     

黄河三角洲滨海湿地地下水位变化对土壤种子库特征的影响

地下水位是影响湿地生态系统结构和功能的重要环境因子之一，然而其如何影响滨海湿地土壤种子库特征尚不清楚。通过地下水位控制试验，研究黄河三角洲滨海非潮汐湿地地下水位梯度（-20、-60、-100 cm）下，土壤种子库密度、物种多样性等特征，并通过土壤化学指标与对应的土壤种子库特征之间的通径分析，探讨地下水位深度变化对土壤种子库特征的影响机理。研究发现，在该区域秋季采样的土壤种子库中，碱蓬和盐地碱蓬的种子数量最多；地下水位变化对土壤种子库密度无显著影响，但对土壤种子库的物种组成影响较大，随着地下水位深度增加，多年生草本植物种类呈增加趋势。整体上，随着地下水位深度增加，土壤种子库的Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随之增大。主成分分析表明，土壤盐是影响黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤种子库组成特征的主导因素，贡献率为69.482%，土壤养分为次要影响因素，贡献率为23.710%，进一步通径分析表明，土壤水溶性盐总量对种子库物种多样性起到限制作用，同时，有效磷浓度通过水溶性盐总量对Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数表现为间接负作用，总磷浓度对种子库与地上植被相似性起到促进作用。研究表明，黄河三角洲滨海湿地地下水位深度变化，主要通过影响土壤水溶性盐总量，进而影响土壤种子库物种多样性。     

梵净山栲树群落的种子雨、种子库及更新

梵净山栲树 (Castanopsis fargesii)群落种子雨丰富 ,对群落更新发展有用的成熟有效种子 2 6 8.9粒·m- 2 。优势种及其它主要种类均有种子产生 ,为维持现存群落的稳定提供了重要基础。种子库中活力种子丰富 ,其数量达 375 4.3粒· m- 2 ,分属 30种植物 ,其中木本植物种子 18种 ,草本植物种子 12种。种子库中有现存植物种子 13种 ,群落演替前期各阶段产生的种子 17种。在种子库中 ,现存群落的优势种和其它主要树种均有活力种子存在 ,群落更新潜力好。在种子库中 ,现存植物产生的种子绝大多数分布于枯枝落叶层 ,只有少部分 (3种 )可分布到土壤层 ,演替前期各阶段产生的种子全部分布在土壤层中。随土壤深度增加 ,种子的种类和物种多样性指数均逐渐减小。从枯枝落叶层向下 ,种子库与现存群落的相似性逐渐减小。在天然情况下 ,种子库中优势种及其它主要种类的种子大量萌发出苗 ,现存群落更新良好 ,稳定性强。     

宁夏震湖滩涂湿地盐生植物群落多样性与土壤盐碱度分析

该研究以宁夏西吉震湖滩涂湿地4种典型盐生植物群落作为研究对象,通过野外调查采样,实验室分析,结合经典统计学方法,研究柽柳(Tamarix sp.)、盐角草(Salicornia europaea)、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)(矮生型)等4种盐生植物群落多样性格局,分析4种盐生植物群落及湖滩裸地土壤全盐和pH特征,为湿地自然保护区湖滨湿地的保护与恢复提供依据。结果表明:(1)在4种盐生群落斑块中共发现植物26种,藜科、禾本科、菊科分别占植物总数的23.08%、19.23%和19.23%;柽柳群落为盐生灌丛,物种数繁杂;盐角草群落、碱蓬群落和芦苇群落属于盐生草甸,物种组成单调,大多是单优群落斑块;3种盐生草甸群落中优势种的重要值显著高于盐生灌丛中柽柳的重要值(P0.05)。(2)Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-wiener指数和Simpson优势度指数均是柽柳群落最大,分别为1.105、1.706和0.552;Pielou均匀度指数为:盐角草群落芦苇群落碱蓬群落柽柳群落,分别为1.166、1.021、0.997和0.813。(3)4种盐生群落类型及湖滩裸地土壤全盐表层(0~10cm)表聚效应显著(P0.05);表层土壤全盐依次为湖滩裸地盐角草群落碱蓬群落柽柳群落芦苇群落,土壤盐度分别在0.44%~0.58%、0.49%~0.53%、0.15%~0.54%、0.27%~0.45%和0.18%~0.39%之间;柽柳群落土壤pH随土层加深依次降低,3种盐生草甸土壤pH随土层加深先迅速增大后基本不变,湖滩裸地pH随土层加深先迅速减小后基本不变。     

松嫩碱化草甸土壤种子库格局、动态研究进展

草地退化是全球干旱和半干旱草地生态系统的共同特征,由于土壤种子库在植被恢复和生物多样性维持等方面的重要作用,已成为研究热点。作为重要的脆弱生态系统,松嫩碱化草甸在人类活动和全球变化影响下发生了明显退化。松嫩碱化草甸土壤种子库研究始于20世纪90年代,主要集中在对虎尾草群落、星星草群落、碱蓬群落、羊草群落等不同演替阶段土壤种子库物种种类、密度、季节变化研究;该地区土壤种子库的物种数目随着恢复演替由初级向高级阶段而呈现逐渐增加的趋势,但物种数目均相对较少,且多以1年生为主。另外对种子雨和某些物种种子散布动态也有零星报道,主要是从群落水平进行的研究,种子雨的空间异质性表现在其组成和大小因群落而异。今后需要加强对松嫩碱化草甸土壤种子库格局与关键生境要素的耦合特征、种子库分布格局的形成机制等研究,研究方法上,引入稳定同位素标记和分子遗传学等研究方法和手段,开展持久种子库的长期定位监测研究,为盐碱地植被恢复提供理论依据。     

陕西洋县药用植物群落土壤种子库特性研究

采用种子萌发法对洋县药用植物群落土壤种子库物种组成、单位面积种子密度、物种丰富度及与地上群落结构的关系进行了研究。结果显示,研究区内共有种子植物50种(包括药用植物21种),隶属于28科47属,其中草本植物45种、乔木5种;不同药用植物群落间土壤种子库种子密度差异显著,从大到小依次为:2年生凹叶厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.subsp.biloba(Rehd.et Wils.)Law)4年生凹叶厚朴7年生凹叶厚朴11年生凹叶厚朴杜仲-凹叶厚朴(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver-Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.subsp.biloba(Rehd.et Wils.)Law)7年生厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.)杜仲山茱萸(Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.)山茱萸-凹叶厚朴;土壤种子库具有表聚性,土层深度与种子数量成负相关;药用植物群落土壤种子库与地上群落结构相似性普遍较低。低林龄群落的土壤种子库密度大于高林龄群落,因此低林龄群落有利于天然更新,它们在植被恢复和生物多样性保护中的潜在价值更大。本研究结果可为洋县药用植物群落天然更新提供理论指导。     

Composition of soil seed banks in southern California coastal sage scrub and adjacent exotic grassland

Soil seed banks are important to many plant communities and are recognized as an important component of management plans. Understanding seed bank composition and density is especially important when communities have been invaded by exotic species and must be managed to promote desirable species. We examined germinable soil seed banks in southern California coastal sage scrub (CSS) that is heavily invaded by exotic grasses and in adjacent exotic grassland. Soils from both communities had similar seed banks, dominated by high densities of exotic grass and forb species. Up to 4,000 exotic grass seeds and at least 400 exotic forb seeds/m² were found in most soils, regardless of aboveground vegetation type. Native forbs averaged 400 seeds/m² in grass-dominated areas and about 800 in shrub-dominated soils. Shrub seed density was <1 and <10 seeds/m² in grass- and shrub-dominated areas, respectively, indicating that the shrub seed bank is not persistent compared to annuals. We also compared pre- and post-burn soil seed banks from one location that burned in October 2003. Late-season burning in both grass- and CSS-dominated areas disproportionately reduced exotic grass seed densities relative to native seed densities. The similarity of the seed banks in adjacent grass and shrub communities suggests that without intervention, areas currently dominated by CSS may become more similar to grass-dominated areas in terms of aboveground vegetation. In such areas, the first growing season following a wildfire is a window of opportunity for increasing native diversity at a time when density of exotic grass seeds is low. At time of research, Robert D. Cox was graduate student.     

洪湖湿地退耕初期种子库的季节动态

 为了研究水田退耕初期种子库的特征,在两个不同水位条件下通过幼苗萌发法对洪湖的濒湖退耕田种子库的结构和季节动态进行了研究。结果表明,种子库季节变化明显,种子库的密度于12月达到最大值2.61×105 ind.·m-2,6月时最小,为2.90×104ind.·m-2。而萌发的物种数则相反,6月时最大,12月时最小。Simpson 和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Shannon均匀度指数表现出较为一致的季节变化规律,在6月最高,12月和3月最低。该种子库类型属于持续性种子库。种子库与地表植被群落种相似性系数变化较大。0～5 cm和 5～10 cm土层中的种子库萌发的物种数差异不显著,但在数量上有明显分层现象,上层种子库占总数的78%。One-way ANOVA分析表明,萌发时的水位条件可显著影响种子库萌发的种类和数量。结合种子库研究的结果,讨论了种子库在退田还湖后湿地植被恢复过程中的重要性。     

The influence of vegetation,salinity, and inundation on seed banks of oligohaline coastal marshes

Sea level rise may alter salinity and inundation regimes and create patches of open water in oligohaline coastal marshes, potentially affecting the composition and germination of seed bank species. We conducted seedling emergence experiments to: (1) examine the effects of standing vegetation on the seed banks of three oligohaline marsh communities in coastal Louisiana (dominated by Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Sagittaria lancifolia L., or Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl., respectively); and (2) investigate the effects of salinity and inundation regime on germination of seed bank species. We also studied the effect of a temporary increase in salinity (to simulate a salt water intrusion event) on the viability of buried seeds. We found that the presence or absence of vegetation within a community affected the abundance of some species in the seed bank but had little effect on species composition. Also, the seed banks of the three communities exhibited considerable overlap in species composition and had similar species richness (10–11) and diversity (antilog Shannon-Weaver diversity index = 6.5–7.1), despite differences in vegetation type. Higher salinities and flooding reduced seedling emergence for most species; few species emerged at salinities above four parts per thousand (ppt), and only Sagittaria lancifolia and Eleocharis parvula germinated well under flooded conditions. A temporary increase in salinity did not affect species richness or seedling emergence of most species. Our results suggest that differences in vegetation may have little effect on the composition of seed banks of oligohaline marshes. However, higher salinities and greater depth and duration of inundation (anticipated as global sea level continues to rise) may decrease recruitment of seed bank species, reducing their abundance in oligohaline marsh communities.     

Diversity,composition and guild structure relationships between soil-stored seed banks and mature vegetation in alien plant-invaded South African fynbos shrublands

We investigated vegetation-seed bank relationships at three fynbos sites on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, and the impacts to these sites of invasion by the alien tree Acacia saligna. Soil-stored seed banks in uninvaded fynbos were of a similar density to those previously measured in fynbos (ca. 1100–1500 seeds m^-2) and were dominated by mostly short-lived species. Lack of similarity between mature vegetation and seed banks, suggests that seed banks are poor predictors of mature vegetation composition and structure in fynbos. This lack of correspondence was attributed to the ephemerals (present only in the soil seed bank) and the dominance of serotinous (aerial seed bank) and sprouting (soil seed bank low to absent) species, in mature vegetation. Long-lived seeders were among the 10 most abundant species in the seed banks at all sites and at two sites shrub species contributed more to seed bank richness than any other growth form. Soil-stored seed banks, therefore, boost species richness and diversity both in early post-fire and later seral stages.There was a decline in fynbos species richness, diversity and abundance both in the standing vegetation and seed banks with increasing duration of invasion by the alien tree, Acacia saligna. However, the rate of decline was higher for the vegetation than the seed banks, suggesting that many fynbos species have long-term persistent seed banks. At two sites, there was no obvious shift in community composition associated with Acacia invasion: invaded sites were depauperate versions of the uninvaded site. However, at a third site, the vegetation composition shifted towards a community dominated by bird-dispersed thicket species and its seed bank shifted towards a community dominated by wind-dispersed perennials. Community composition of the soil seed banks under dense, recent Acacia was very similar to that of the corresponding uninvaded fynbos at all sites, indicating that there is good potential to return to species-rich fynbos vegetation after removal of the alien Acacia. Most seed bank species persisted in the soil seed bank of the long-invaded fynbos at low frequency and density, indicating high seed longevity in many species. We suggest that either a thick Acacia litter layer or a deep (>5 cm) burial moderated the fire and ambient temperature effects, preventing these seeds from germinating after fire and thus preventing loss from the seed bank.     

The role of the soil seed and seedling bank in the regeneration of diverse plant communities in the subtropical Ailao Mountains,Southwest China

We compared species composition and diversity of the soil seed and seedling banks in three secondary vegetation types (shrubland, Populus bonatii forest, Lithocarpus regrowth forest) and a primary old-growth forest in the subtropical Ailao Mountains of southwestern China to clarify the importance of seed and seedling banks for forest dynamics. The average species richness was the highest in soil samples from the shrubland (26.80 ± 1.98), and the lowest from the primary forest (9.93 ± 0.50). The density of germinable tree seeds increased from the secondary vegetation to the primary forest, and the density of shrub, forb, and graminoid seeds decreased significantly. The most abundant seedlings recorded in soil samples were light-demanding species in the shrubland and Populus bonatii forest. For ground flora, the number of shrub seedlings strongly decreased with the increase in stand age, and shade-tolerant tree seedlings tended to increase. The species similarity between the seed bank and the aboveground vegetation in all sites was low (Sørensen’s index = 0.11–0.33), however, the shrubland had higher similarity compared with the other three plant communities. In the primary forest, light-demanding woody species dominated in soil seed banks, while shade-tolerant species dominated in the overstory and the forest floor. In the primary forest, seedlings of dominant tree species were rare in the understory, and no seeds of the dominant species were found in the soil. Results indicated that the early stages of vegetation recovery should take into account the possibility of recovering soil seed bank processes. However, colonization and establishment of tree seedlings will be difficult once a primary forest is destroyed.     

云南北部泥石流多发干旱河谷区不同干扰对干扰对土壤种子库的影响

对云南北部的泥石流多发干旱河谷区不同干扰状况下的土壤种子库特征进行了研究,结果表明不同形式的干扰对土壤种子库特征产生不同形式的影响。人工种植合欢（Leucaena glauca)并屏除人和家养动物的影响使土壤种子库的种子密度增大,同时种子组成也由原来的耐旱型为主变为耐荫型为主;马桑（Coriaia sinica)种植并实行年度砍伐降低种子密度并减少了种子类,但主成分的的性质未发生改变;滑坡与水土流失将多种子带入其坡积物中,从而降低土壤种子库密度与组成种类;泥石流最破坏地表土壤层和土壤种子库的最主要因素。     

Persistent soil seed banks and floristic diversity in Fagus orientalis forest communities in the Hyrcanian vegetation region of Iran

We assessed the size of seed bank, species diversity and similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation in four oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) community types of the central Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. For this purpose a total of 52 relevés was established in two associations and two subassociations of the beech forests, and six soil samples (20 × 20 cm square and to a depth of 10 cm) were collected in each relevé in mid-spring, after the germination season had ended. Soil seed bank was investigated using the seedling emergence method. A total of 63 species, 57 genera and 36 families was represented in the persistent soil seed bank of the forest communities. The seed bank contained 28 species not found as adult plants in the vegetation, but these were mostly early successional species. Size of the seed bank ranged from 3740 to 4676 individuals m⁻² in the Rusco hyrcani-Fagetum orientalis and Danae racemosae-Fagetum orientalis associations, respectively. Species composition of seed banks and aboveground vegetation had low similarity with an average of 24.3% in the four plant communities, because only 38% of the species were the same in the vegetation and the seed banks. Most seeds in the seed bank were from early successional species, and the only tree with a large persistent seed bank was the fast-growing pioneer Alnus subcordata. DCA ordination also demonstrated low similarity between soil seed bank and vegetation. The soil seed banks of the four beech communities did not differ significantly in size, composition, diversity and uniformity. Although above ground vegetation in the four community types is floristically distinct, there is considerable overlap among the soil seed banks because they contain in a similar way early successional species. Further, the absence of typical forest species in the soil seed bank indicates that restoration of forest tree species cannot rely on the soil seed bank.     

Assessing the impact of plant invasions on soil seed bank communities: use of univariate and multivariate statistical approaches

Questions: Are soil seed banks affected by invasions of alien plants? How can we rigorously assess alterations in seed bank communities associated with invasive species and account for the high spatial variability of seed bank data? How do multivariate approaches compare with more traditional approaches based on analysis of variance? Location: Three riparian sites, Ireland. Methods: A protocol based on a combination of multivariate techniques was used to characterize soil seed bank communities associated with the herbaceous invasive species Heracleum mantegazzianum in May and October. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to test the effects of the factors “invasion”, “site”, “plot” and “depth” on the soil seed bank, while multivariate analysis of dispersion (PERMDISP) provided a measure of the variability of seed bank data at different spatial scales. Similarity percentages analysis (SIMPER) was used to identify the species that contributed most to the differences between invaded and uninvaded communities. A comparison between the results of PERMANOVA and ANOVA analyses was also made. Results: The composition of seed bank communities invaded by H. mantegazzianum differed significantly from that of uninvaded seed banks. Invaded seed banks were less diverse and had reduced abundance, and were dominated by only a few species, such as Urtica dioica and Juncus effusus. Such patterns were recorded at each of three depth categories, indicating that invasive plants can affect both the transient and the more persistent component of the soil seed bank. Seed bank variability was significantly higher within uninvaded areas, supporting the notion that invasions tend to lead to more homogeneous communities. Conclusion: The analytical protocol used in this study was effective in quantifying the effect of plant invasions, at different spatial scales, providing a statistically robust analysis of alterations in soil seed bank communities. Compared to ANOVA, this protocol provided more biological information and was more appropriate for analysis of the data. This approach is therefore recommended in soil seed bank and invasion ecological studies.     

桂北喀斯特石漠化地区不同植物群落土壤种子库特征及其与土壤养分关系

土壤种子库作为地上植被遗传信息库，对植被自然演替更新以及生态修复建设具有重要作用。为探明桂北喀斯特石漠化地区植被自然恢复潜力和恢复策略，该文选取恭城瑶族自治县喀斯特石漠化地区3种典型植物群落为研究对象，分析不同群落的土壤种子库结构、多样性及其对土壤养分特征的响应，以期为该地区石漠化治理和植被恢复提供理论依据。结果表明：(1)共计监测到幼苗3 648株，隶属于33科51属55种，其中1年生和2年生草本幼苗共20种，多年生草本幼苗21种，藤本幼苗5种、灌木幼苗3种、乔木幼苗6种；不同植物群落土壤种子库平均密度为三华李经济林(22 493 grain·m^-2)>青冈次生林(1 033 grain·m^-2)>金竹灌丛(793 grain·m^-2)。(2)土壤种子库植物生活型方面，三华李经济林主要分布1年生恶性杂草，青冈次生林和金竹灌丛则以多年生草本为主，木本植物占比较少；不同植被类型中土壤种子库物种多样性和相似性总体较低，同时与地上群落物种组成的相似性也较低。(3)研究区域的土壤元素存在高氮低磷的现象，其中磷元素为金...     

SEED BANK DYNAMICS IN A SOUTHEASTERN RIVERINE SWAMP

Seed banks were examined in a Taxodium distichum L.-Nyssa aquatica L. (cypress-tupelo) swamp forest and an adjacent bottomland hardwood forest on the floodplain of the Savannah River in South Carolina. Thirty 0.01 m² soil cores were collected in each community at each of three sampling times: before seed fall, after seed fall, and after an early spring river level rise had inundated both communities. Germination and sieving techniques were used to enumerate seeds in each sample. Woody seed banks of the two communities were dissimilar in species composition with both underrepresenting the species composition of the standing vegetation. In contrast, herbaceous seed banks of both communities were similar in species composition with greater species diversity in the seed banks than in the standing vegetation. Both the herbaceous and woody seed banks of the hardwood community changed significantly in seed densities across the three collection dates. Densities increased from September to December, after seed fall for many species, but decreased in April after the early spring water level rise. Seed densities did not change significantly in the cypress-tupelo community across the three collections. Hydrologic regime appears to have a major influence on seed bank composition and dynamics in southeastern riverine swamps.